低场磁共振胰胆管成像诊断胆系疾病的潜能

目的阐述低场磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)诊断胆系疾病的潜能。方法 70例手术病理或临床证实的胰胆疾病患者包括胆囊切除术后胆管代偿性扩张2例,胆总管直径临界值4例,胆系结石49例,胆总管炎性狭窄4例,胰头癌4例以及胆管癌7例均经低场MRCP检查。全部操作是在0.35 TSIEMENS磁共振扫描仪上采用TSE T1WI、T2WI序列和MIP重建进行的。结果本组70例中,低场MRCP正确诊断胆系结石49例,胆总管炎性狭窄4例,胰头癌4例以及胆管癌7例,其诊断敏感性100%,特异性89.8%,准确性91.4%,阳性预测值100%以及阴性预测值90.7%。结论低场MRCP是诊断胰胆疾病的一种无创、安全、高效的影像技术,尤其对恶性病变极为敏感而提示其具有广阔的应用前景。     

电切镜联合输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石取石治疗膀胱结石疗效观察

目的探讨电切镜联合输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗膀胱结石的疗效。方法收集我院2008年1月～2010年5月间采用电切镜联合输尿管镜下气压道碎石治疗膀胱结石的15例患者,所有患者均经电切镜外鞘置入输尿管镜,采用瑞士EMS气压弹道碎石机击碎膀胱结石,用Ellik冲洗器将结石碎块冲出。结果 15例膀胱结石患者均一次碎石成功、取净,术中术后未出现膀胱穿孔、大出血和水中毒等并发症。术后随访6～18个月,平均6个月,复查B超均未见结石复发。结论电切镜联合输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石、取石是治疗膀胱结石的有效方法,具有操作简单、创伤小、并发症少、安全、疗效确切等优点。     

Three-dimensional CT pyelography for planning of percutaneous nephrostolithotomy: accuracy of stone measurement, stone depiction and pelvicalyceal reconstruction

Retrospective evaluation of computed tomographic (CT) pyelography before percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PCNL). Twenty patients with renal calculi underwent CT pyelography using a dedicated protocol. Calculus size, uniformity of contrast excretion and accuracy of calculus and pelvicalyceal (PC) system reconstructions were scored and compared on axial and coronal maximum intensity projections (MIP) and volume reconstructions (VRmovie loops). After contrast medium administration, the size of calculi is accurate on axial images, but underestimated on coronal studies: mean 14.7 mm vs. 14.4 mm (axial) and 17.2 mm vs. 16.1 mm (coronal) for measurements before and after enhancement, respectively (p = 0.11 and 0.03). Uniform contrast medium excretion (median 228 HU; 95% CI 209–266 HU) was sufficiently lower than calculus density (median 845 HU; 95% CI 457-1,193 HU) for precise calculus and pelvicalyceal reconstructions in 87% and 85%, respectively. Coronal MIP scans were rated best for calculus depiction (mean score 2.68 vs. 2.50 and 2.41 for coronal, axial and VRs, respectively; p = 0.14) and VR studies best for PC anatomy (mean score 4.4 vs. 3.73 and 2.89 for VR, coronal and axial studies, respectively; p = <0.0001). Three-dimensional CT pyelography can accurately demonstrate calculus position and spatial relationships of the collecting system before PCNL.     

超声引导微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗复杂性肾结石98例

目的总结应用超声引导微创经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL)治疗复杂性肾结石的临床经验。方法对98例复杂性肾结石患者施行超声引导MPCNL。结果98例中84例1次成功穿入肾盂,13例2次成功穿入肾盂,1例肾上盏结石穿刺不成功改行其他方法治疗。97例均行一期穿刺取石,其中1次取石成功68例(70.1%),需2次以上取石29例(29.9%)。单通道取石87例(89.7%),多通道取石10例(10.3%)。出院前复查X线片,肾盂结石及梗阻全部解除,遗留肾盏结石13例,结石清除率85.6%。结论B超引导MPCNL治疗复杂性肾结石是一种安全有效的方法。     

Gran divertículo vesical como quiste de ovario en la anciana

We present a case of ovarian cyst detected by sonography in an 84-year-old woman with a history of three surgical interventions for bladder cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging gave a diagnosis of bladder diverticulum. We highlight the importance of the differential diagnosis in cases of chronic pelvic pain, in which the possibility of bladder diverticulum should be considered.     

Transabdominal vesical sonography of urethral syndrome and stress incontinence

BACKGROUND: Transabdominal ultrasonography was used to study the bladder neck morphology in women with urethral syndrome or stress urinary incontinence, in order to determine the ultrasonographic findings of these conditions. METHODS: A total of 210 female patients with a normal bladder, asymptomatic trigonitis, urethral syndrome, and stress incontinence were studied. The mucosal thickness around the bladder neck, the length of the anterior base plate of the bladder, and the anteroposterior vesical wall angle (APVA) at the bladder neck were measured on sagittal transabdominal vesical ultrasonograms with the patient in the supine position. RESULTS: Patients with asymptomatic trigonitis or urethral syndrome had thicker mucosa around the bladder neck than the subjects with a normal bladder, and the subjects with stress incontinence had normal mucosa. The APVA was 158 +/- 17 (mean +/- SD) degrees in the subjects with a normal bladder. It was smaller in symptomatic patients and decreased to 109 +/- 10 degrees in those with conservative therapy-resistant incontinence. The anterior edge of the vesical base plate was visible approximately 2 cm from the bladder neck in subjects without incontinence, while it tended to be absent in patients with incontinence and an APVA of less than 126 degrees. CONCLUSION: A small APVA appears to reflect bladder neck descent, while a small APVA without a visible anterior base plate edge may reflect hypotonia of the vesical base plate. Transabdominal vesical ultrasonography with the patient in the supine position provides useful information and can be carried out as a routine examination in female patients with micturition disorders.     

输尿管镜诊治输尿管疾病92例体会

目的 探讨提高输尿管镜诊治输尿管疾病水平的方法。方法回顾分析92例输尿管疾病经输尿管镜诊治的临床资料。结果输尿管镜检与手术治疗成功率92．4％(85／92)。手术并发假道形成2例，无1例严重并发症。结论在输尿管导管或导丝引导下，采用手控间断灌注扩张法直接或旋转上挑进镜，安全可靠，手术成功率高。利用输尿管导管或套石篮固定结石及间断低流灌注可提高碎石率。     

活体肾移植中单发结石供肾的处理与疗效

目的  探讨活体肾移植中有单发结石的供肾的处理方法及疗效。方法  总结3例术前发现单侧肾结石的活体肾移植供肾的处理经验。切取该侧肾脏作为供肾,并在体外行输尿管镜完整取石,之后按常规术式行肾移植术。结果  3例受体术后均未出现移植物功能延迟恢复、急性排斥反应等早期并发症。3对供、受体分别随访34、45、62个月,行移植肾泌尿系统的彩色多普勒超声检查,供体保存肾及受体移植肾均未见新发结石及尿路梗阻表现。所有供、受体肾功能良好。3例供体随访至今,未发现尿常规异常。其中1例受体术后发生IgA肾病,考虑为肾病复发,与结石无关。结论  对于活体肾移植术中的单发结石,采用供肾切取后体外输尿管镜取石是处理供肾结石的有效方法。     

ESWL与输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术联合治疗输尿管结石

目的探讨输尿管结石的治疗方法。方法采用体外震波碎石(ESWL)与输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石联合治疗917例输尿管结石,其中单侧结石733例,双侧结石184例,一般先行ESWL,ESWL无法完成或治疗无效时需要用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术。结果结石总排净率为99.2%(910/917)。其中ESWL组结石总排净率为93.5%(858/917);气压弹道碎石组结石总排净率为88.1%(52/59)。结论ESWL与输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术联合治疗输尿管结石安全有效,是理想的治疗方法。     

泌尿系结石成分分析与血脂相关性研究

目的分析泌尿系结石成分及其与血脂[甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]相关性。方法回顾性选择2014年10月～2018年10月我院收治的349例泌尿系结石患者为尿石组,同期在我院体检健康者349例为对照组,比较两组血清TG、HDL-C、TC、LDL-C水平,分析349例泌尿系结石患者泌尿系结石成分,比较血脂正常与血脂异常的泌尿系结石患者结石成分占比,采用spearman相关分析泌尿系结石成分与血脂异常的相关性,采用多因素Logistic回归分析泌尿系结石的影响因素。结果 349例泌尿系结石患者泌尿系结石成分分析结果:含钙结石270例,感染性结石51例,尿酸结石28例。尿石组血清TG、TC水平显著高于对照组(P0.05);尿石组血清HDL-C水平显著低于对照组(P0.05);尿石组血清LDL-C水平较对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);血脂异常泌尿系结石患者尿酸结石比例显著高于血脂正常泌尿系结石患者(P0.05);血脂异常泌尿系结石患者感染性结石、含钙结石比例较血脂正常泌尿系结石患者差异无统计学意义(P0.05);尿酸结石与血脂异常呈正相关(P0.05);感染性结石、含钙结石与血脂异常无相关性(P0.05);TG是泌尿系结石的危险因素(P0.05)。结论泌尿系结石形成与血脂水平关系密切,血脂异常尤其是高甘油三酯血症易导致尿酸结石形成,控制血脂对于预防泌尿系结石有重要临床意义。