Alterations in intervertebral disc composition,matrix homeostasis and biomechanical behavior in the UCD‐T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) adversely affects many tissues, and the greater incidence of discogenic low back pain among diabetic patients suggests that the intervertebral disc is affected too. Using a rat model of polygenic obese T2D, we demonstrate that diabetes compromises several aspects of disc composition, matrix homeostasis, and biomechanical behavior. Coccygeal motion segments were harvested from 6‐month‐old lean Sprague‐Dawley rats, obese Sprague‐Dawley rats, and diabetic obese UCD‐T2DM rats (diabetic for 69 ± 7 days). Findings indicated that diabetes but not obesity reduced disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents, and these degenerative changes correlated with increased vertebral endplate thickness and decreased endplate porosity, and with higher levels of the advanced glycation end‐product (AGE) pentosidine. Consistent with their diminished glycosaminoglycan and water contents and their higher AGE levels, discs from diabetic rats were stiffer and exhibited less creep when compressed. At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia‐inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). Taken together, these findings indicate that endplate sclerosis, increased oxidative stress, and AGE/RAGE‐mediated interactions could be important factors for explaining the greater incidence of disc pathology in T2D. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:738–746, 2015.     

椎基底动脉三维CT血管造影对颈性眩晕椎动脉寰枕段形态学改变的观察

目的:探索颈性眩晕的椎动脉寰枕段(V3段)血管形态病理学改变.方法:1999年6月至2011年11月,采用椎-基底动脉CT血管造影三维重建技术(3D-CTA)对1 680例颈性眩晕患者的血管形态影像进行回顾性分析,观察其椎动脉V3段血管形态病理学改变情况.其中男783例,女897例;年龄22～70岁,平均52.8岁,所有病例经多普勒检查显示椎基底动脉流速加快或减慢.结果:1 680例颈性眩晕患者在V1-V4段有3 360支血管被检测,血管异常支数有2 778支,其中V1段有829支,V2段有421支,V3段有328支,V4段有1 190支.颈性眩晕患者椎动脉V3段血管形态病理学有椎动脉血管痉挛(232支)、椎动脉血管缺如(37支)、椎动脉血管出孔异常(31支)、椎动脉血管局限性狭窄4种改变.结论:颈性眩晕的椎动脉V3段存在4种血管形态病理学改变,可以以3D-CTA检查结果来判断预后并采取适当的治疗方法.     

单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折

目的探讨单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法选择2012-01—2012-12间收治的骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折患者42例,行单侧通道椎体后凸成形术,观察患者的治疗效果及疼痛评分等指标。结果患者治疗后椎体高度(26.94±12.35)mm,显著优于治疗前(15.23±5.32)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后疼痛评分(1.01±0.21)分,明显低于治疗前(7.64±1.34)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者出院后随访6~12个月,平均8.7个月,42例患者未发生感染及血管栓塞等并发症,术后3 d下床活动,7 d后出院。1 a后复查,患者骨水泥充盈良好。结论骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折采用单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗,疗效可靠,值得临床推广。     

椎体后凸成形技术与微创经皮椎弓根钉技术治疗胸腰段椎体压缩骨折的对比研究

目的 比较经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)和微创内固定术的疗效,为治疗单纯性胸腰段椎体压缩骨折选择手术方案提供临床依据.方法 行PKP及微创内固定手术治疗单纯胸腰段椎体压缩骨折59例.PKP组31例,微创内固定术组28例.记录59例术前术后视觉模拟评分法疼痛评分(VAS)、伤椎前缘高度、Cobb角及伤椎高度恢复率.结果 PKP组及微创内固定组在术后VAS评分、Cobb角、伤椎高度、椎体高度恢复率观测指标中,2组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PKP术后止痛效果优于微创内固定组,微创内固定在矫正脊柱后凸畸形及恢复伤椎前缘高度效果上优于PKP组.     

胸腰椎骨折经椎弓根椎体内植骨术后伤椎愈合情况的对比

目的研究胸腰椎骨折经椎弓根植骨术后伤椎愈合的方式及影响因素。方法本次研究纳入自2011-01-2013-01诊治的74例具有完整随访结果的患者,采用经椎弓根植骨36例,同期未经椎弓根植骨38例。依据脊柱骨折负荷分享分级、笔者设计的椎体轴位9分区法明确骨折损伤程度、骨折复位及伤椎植骨情况、骨折愈合及伤椎植骨愈合情况。结果术后随访16~24个月,平均20个月。未植骨组:术后1年随访时椎体内各区形成空洞总计21.1%。植骨组:术后1年随访时椎体内各区形成空洞总计24.1%。结论胸腰椎骨折后伤椎经椎弓根植骨术中可撬拨复位塌陷及碎裂的上终板,减少髓核组织的突入发生,形成椎体内有效的可填充空腔,便于椎体内充分植骨,形成利于骨细胞爬行替代的框架结构,减少晚期上终板的塌陷及椎体内空洞的形成。     

Artificial disc and vertebra system: a novel motion preservation device for cervical spinal disease after vertebral corpectomy

OBJECTIVE:To determine the range of motion and stability of the human cadaveric cervical spine after the implantation of a novel artificial disc and vertebra system by comparing an intact group and a fusion group.METHODS:Biomechanical tests were conducted on 18 human cadaveric cervical specimens. The range of motion and the stability index range of motion were measured to study the function and stability of the artificial disc and vertebra system of the intact group compared with the fusion group.RESULTS:In all cases, the artificial disc and vertebra system maintained intervertebral motion and reestablished vertebral height at the operative level. After its implantation, there was no significant difference in the range of motion (ROM) of C3–7 in all directions in the non-fusion group compared with the intact group (p>0.05), but significant differences were detected in flexion, extension and axial rotation compared with the fusion group (p<0.05). The ROM of adjacent segments (C₃₋₄, C₆₋₇) of the non-fusion group decreased significantly in some directions compared with the fusion group (p<0.05). Significant differences in the C_4-6 ROM in some directions were detected between the non-fusion group and the intact group. In the fusion group, the C₄₋₆ ROM in all directions decreased significantly compared with the intact and non-fusion groups (p<0.01). The stability index ROM (SI-ROM) of some directions was negative in the non-fusion group, and a significant difference in SI-ROM was only found in the C₄₋₆ segment of the non-fusion group compared with the fusion group.CONCLUSION:An artificial disc and vertebra system could restore vertebral height and preserve the dynamic function of the surgical area and could theoretically reduce the risk of adjacent segment degeneration compared with the anterior fusion procedure. However, our results should be considered with caution because of the low power of the study. The use of a larger sample should be considered in future studies.     

骨水泥倒U型分布对经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折效果的影响

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)中骨水泥倒U型注射分布对治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(osteoporosis vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)临床治疗效果的影响.方法回顾性研究2014年7月至2018年6月因住院并行PVP治疗的70例患者,男性10例,女性60例;年龄60~87岁,平均年龄(73.02±7.74)岁;病程3h^2个月,平均病程(15.35±5.45)d.根据CT检查明确骨水泥的分布情况,依次将患者分为骨水泥呈"倒U型"弥散分布组和骨水泥不规则弥散组.记录术前、术后3 d,3、6个月及1年时的疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、椎体高度(body height,BH)及局部后凸Cobb角,对比分析两组上述指标的差异,并记录相关并发症.结果两组患者术前基线特征比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后VAS较术前均明显降低(P<0.05),倒U型分布组由术前的(7.4±0.8)分降低至术后第3天的(2.5±0.6)分,不规则分布组由(7.5±0.9)分降低至(2.7±0.6)分,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组患者术前椎体后凸角度(kyphosis angle,KA)、椎体缘高度(anterior body heights,ABH)和椎体中间高度(middle body heights,MBH)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后倒U型分布组均优于不规则分布组(P<0.05).术后并发症方面,倒U型分布组出现8例骨水泥渗漏,不规则分布组出现5例骨水泥渗漏,总体渗漏率为28.9%,所有骨水泥渗漏均无临床症状.继发相邻椎体骨折倒U型分布组4例,不规则分布组6例;非相邻节段骨折倒U型分布组2例,不规则分布组3例.两组间邻近节段骨折发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后1年随访倒U型分布组1例出现骨折椎体再次塌陷,再骨折率为3.1%;不规则分布组5例出现骨折椎体再次塌陷,再骨折率为14.3%.结论PVP可有效缓解胸腰段OVCF患者的疼痛,骨水泥在椎体内弥散分布情况对术后近期治疗效果无明显影响,但可能是PVP术后患椎再骨折的重要影响因素.     

寰枢整复手法治疗气滞血瘀型椎动脉型颈椎病的临床观察

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of spinal manipulation therapy for the treatment of cervical spondy-losis of vertebral artery type (CSA) combine with atlanto-axial joint instability. Methods: A deep analysis of previous randomized controlled trial was performed on 51 CSA combine with atlanto-axial joint instability patients from January 2016 to September 2019. The treatment group (n=27) accepted spinal manipulation therapy, while the control group (n=24) was treated with electro-acupuncture therapy. The effectiveness and changes of hemodynamic indexes of vertebra-basilar arterial system in the two groups before and after treatment were observed and compared. Results: The improvement of all the hemodynamic indexes in the treatment group was more significant than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment,the clinical effective rate was 96.30% in the treatment group and 87.50% in the control group,the difference being significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Spinal manipulation therapy can improve the symptoms of CSA combine with atlanto-axial joint instability effectively. However, the assessment of the patient before treatment is necessary.     

内固定联合不同植骨方式治疗老年胸腰段椎体压缩性骨折

骨质疏松性椎体骨折是老年性骨折最为常见的一类骨折,暴力、外伤等是引起胸腰椎骨折的主要因素[1]。经皮椎体成形术(PVP)与经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)是目前临床用于老年胸腰段椎体压缩性骨折的主要手术方式,年龄、骨质疏松程度都是影响PVP及PKP手术治疗效果的主要因素[2]。对于老年胸腰椎压缩性骨折来说,尽可能恢复其稳定的脊柱解剖结构,并提供一定的伤椎骨性愈合是治疗的主要目的[3]。