The Role of Intra-Arterial Calcium Stimulation Test with Hepatic Venous Sampling (IACS) in the Management of Occult Insulinomas

Background Occult insulinomas remain a clinical challenge. Specifically designed protocols are necessary to aid detection and facilitate a focused pancreatic exploration. Methods Seventeen non-multiple endocrine neoplasia (non-MEN) patients referred to this medical center in the past 10 years because of equivocal diagnosis, failure of previous operation or difficulty in localization for insulinomas were studied. A routine intra-arterial calcium stimulation test with venous sampling (IACS test) was done for lesion localization. An exploratory laparotomy with intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) examinations was performed. Results Preoperative imaging (sonography, high-resolution computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging) found six insulinomas, and IOUS found an additional six in the pancreatic regions; all were compatibly indicated by the IACS test. The remaining five patients with occult lesions by IOUS were treated by 40% (1) or 60–70% (4) distal pancreatectomies when insulin gradients were demonstrated on calcium stimulation to the splenic or to the superior mesenteric artery, respectively, and nesidioblastosis was found in each pathology examination. There were no complications related to the arterial stimulation and venous sampling (ASVS) test. No patient had recurrent hyperinsulinism, permanent morbidity, or mortality from surgery. Conclusions IACS test helps in the diagnosis of equivocal pancreatogenous hypoglycemia, indicating the pancreatic region of priority exploration and guiding a pancreatic resection.     

颅内静脉窦血栓误诊及影像学分析

目的探讨颅内静脉窦血栓病因、误诊情况、影像学表现及治疗方法。方法总结12例颅内静脉窦血栓的病因、临床资料、辅助检查、治疗及预后。结果本病多因头面部软组织及骨质感染、脱水、妊娠及产褥期等所致；临床上除高颅压、癫痈、意识精神障碍全脑症状外，根据静脉窦阻塞部位不同表现各异；影像学检查有其特征性改变。结论本病并不少见，早期容易漏诊误治，颅脑MRI＋MRV检查优于CT及DSA，抗凝及抗炎治疗效果较好，早期颈静脉插管介入治疗方法最好。     

跨横窦硬膜外血肿并脑静脉窦血栓形成的诊治

目的探讨跨窦硬膜外血肿并脑静脉窦血栓形成的诊疗方法。方法对近三年来临床工作中发现的9例跨窦硬膜外血肿并脑静脉窦血栓形成患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。所有病例诊断均经MRI、MRV证实,并静脉使用尿激酶溶栓治疗,首剂20万U,每日增加5万U。最大剂量40万U。结果9例跨窦硬膜外血肿并脑静脉窦血栓形成经治疗后4例再通,5例建立侧支循环;无1例死亡,无原有血肿扩大及再出血病例。结论对临床工作中发现腰穿颅内压大于300mmH2O,跨窦骨折合并硬膜外血肿的病例,应警惕静脉窦血栓形成。     

自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗下肢慢性静脉溃疡的初步研究

目的探讨自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗下肢慢性静脉溃疡的疗效。方法 2009年5月-2010年9月,在采用大隐静脉剥脱术基础上,对17例下肢慢性静脉溃疡患者采用自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗(移植组),并与同期未采用细胞移植治疗的10例患者(对照组)比较疗效。移植组:男9例,女8例;年龄(33.3±6.1)岁。单纯大隐静脉曲张慢性溃疡11例,单纯深静脉瓣膜功能不全慢性溃疡6例。溃疡面积(4.39±2.46)cm2。病程3个月～6年。对照组:男4例,女6例;年龄(39.2±10.3)岁。单纯大隐静脉曲张慢性溃疡7例,单纯深静脉瓣膜功能不全慢性溃疡3例。溃疡面积(5.51±2.63)cm2。病程3个月～2年。两组按照临床病因解剖病理学分级(CEAP)均为C6级。两组患者一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),有可比性。观察术后溃疡愈合情况;移植组于术前及术后3 d分别切取溃疡面肉芽组织行常规HE染色,免疫组织化学染色观察VEGF表达和微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)。结果移植组患者溃疡愈合较快,其中15例愈合,1例好转,1例未愈合,中位愈合时间为22 d,四分位数间距为15 d;对照组溃疡愈合缓慢,其中7例愈合,3例未愈合,中位愈合时间57.5 d,四分位数间距为40 d。两组溃疡愈合时间比较差异有统计学意义(Z=0.001 4,P=0.002 7)。移植组HE染色显示,细胞移植后溃疡肉芽组织有丰富毛细血管结构;免疫组织化学染色示移植后MVD为(32.1±12.8)个,较移植前(22.1±6.7)个显著增加,差异有统计学意义(t=3.120,P=0.008);移植后VEGF表达阳性细胞百分比为8.05%±5.10%,较移植前(6.13%±4.20%)升高,但差异无统计学意义(t=1.150,P=0.268)。结论自体骨髓单个核细胞移植可以促进下肢慢性静脉溃疡肉芽组织增生,加速溃疡愈合。     

11例带涤纶套长期静脉留置导管患者行血液透析的护理体会

目的观察带涤纶套长期静脉留置导管的护理、留置时间、并发症及其处理,延长导管的使用时间。方法观察11例留置带涤纶套的双腔导管进行维持性血液透析患者的护理情况,总结护理办法。结果 11例患者透析时血流量均能保证透析充分。结论良好的护理是延长导管使用寿命和防治并发症的必要条件。     

活体肝移植术后Ⅴ、Ⅷ段肝静脉淤血的临床及影像学观察

目的 评价活体肝移植(living donorlivertransplantation,LDLT)术后Ⅴ、Ⅷ段肝静脉淤血(hepatic venous congestion,HVC)的MSCT表现及其对患者术后肝功能恢复的影响.方法83例在天津市第一中心医院移植外科施行活体右半肝移植的患者纳入本研究,所有患者均于术后早期(≤1个月)和术后中晚期(≥3个月)进行MSCT平扫和增强检查,记录淤血区的MSCT表现和患者术后1～7 d丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TB)及凝血酶原时间(PT).比较淤血组和无淤血组上述指标之间的差异.结果 20例患者(24.10%)LDLT术后1个月内出现Ⅴ、Ⅷ段HVC,淤血区体积和淤血率分别为(218.25±130.29)cm3和16.68%±8.81%.淤血区于MSCT平扫及动脉期多呈低密度,门静脉期多呈混杂密度或高密度,增强后动脉期及门静脉期呈持续低密度者预后不良.淤血组与无淤血组患者术后1～7 d各项肝功能化验指标差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论 MSCT是评价LDLT术后Ⅴ、Ⅷ段HVC的有效方法,多数HVC对LDLT术后患者肝功能恢复没有影响.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate MSCT appearance and impaction of Ⅴ, Ⅷ segments' hepatic venous congestion ( HVC ) on hepatic functional recovery in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).Methods In this study, 83 patients undergoing LDLT in our hospital were included, all subjects received plain and contrast MSCT examinations at early stage (within 1 month) and later stage (3 months later) after LDLT. MSCT appearance of HVC was recorded, at the same time, gutamic pyruvic transaminase ( ALT),glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TB) and prothrombin time (PT) of 1 to 7 days after LDLT between congestion group and non-congestion group were recorded and compared.Results Segments Ⅴ and Ⅷ congestion was identified by after LDLT CT scanning in 20 patients (24. 10% ). Congestion volume and congestion ratio was (218. 25 ± 130. 29) cm3 and 16. 68% ±8. 81%,respectively. HVC often appear as hypoattenuation on plain CT scan and arterial phase, mixed or hyperattenuation on portal vein phase. There was no significant difference of ALT, AST, TB and PT after LDLT between congestion group and non-congestion group (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions MSCT is a valuable method to evaluate Ⅴ, Ⅷ segments' HVC after LDLT, most HVC has no impaction on hepatic functional recovery in LDLT patients.     

成人间活体右半肝移植术中变异门静脉右支切取与重建技术

目的 探讨成人间活体右半肝移植术中变异门静脉支(APVB)切取与重建的技巧.方法 2002年1月至2007年4月,共实施70例成人间活体右半肝移植.术前肝脏血管三维CT成像显示供肝动脉及静脉走向,70例右半供肝中有9例门静脉分支变异,其中7例为Ⅱ型变异,2例为Ⅲ型变异.除1例供者行狭窄桥状连接单口切取APVB外,其余8例均采用供者优先的原则即距门静脉主干2～3mm处双口切断APVB.Ⅱ型变异中有2例双口切取其右前、右后支成形为一个开口后与受者门静脉主干吻合,4例右前、右后支分别与受者门静脉左、右支吻合,1例行右前、右后支间狭窄桥状组织连接单口切取后与受者门静脉主干单口吻合.Ⅲ型变异中有1例双口切取其右前、右后支分别与受者门静脉支双口吻合,1例双口切取后行新型的U形血管移植物间置与受者门静脉主干单口吻合.结果 9例受者均无门静脉狭窄或血栓、肝动脉狭窄或血栓以及肝静脉流出道狭窄等血管并发症发生.1例供者术后3 d并发门静脉血栓,手术取栓及门静脉壁修补成形后痊愈.新型的U形血管移植物间置重建术后通畅,无并发症发生.结论 成人间活体右半肝移植术中采用供者优先的原则双口切取APVB、双口吻合重建以及新型的U形血管间置等门静脉重建技术是安全可行的,未增加手术难度,且临床效果良好.     

环形缝合控制骶前静脉丛出血临床观察(附10例报告)

目的总结环形缝合法对骶前静脉丛出血的止血效果。方法采用环形缝合处理骶前出血10例,其中复发性直肠癌行Miles手术6例,行Hartmann术3例;子宫平滑肌肉瘤术后复发行部分乙状结肠加直肠切除术1例。结果10例均止血满意,缝合完成后未再出血,痊愈出院。结论环形缝合能安全地控制骶前出血,适用于能明视出血点的无休克病人。     

连续性血液透析滤过对MODS犬肝肾IL-6和IL-10 mRNA表达的影响

目的：探讨连续性血液透析滤过（CVVHDF）后多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）犬肝、肾组织白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和白细胞介素-10（IL-10）mRNA表达水平的变化及意义。方法：15只雄性Beagle犬,采用失血性休克＋复苏灌注＋内毒素血症复制MODS模型,随机分为CVVHDF组（n=8）和MODS组（n=7）,CVVHDF组在内毒素注射完毕后给予CVVHDF治疗12h,MODS组不给CVVHDF治疗。测定各器官功能相关指标,同时应用半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）测定两组肝、肾组织中IL-6、IL-10mRNA表达水平。结果：CVVHDF组治疗后肝、肾功能有关指标水平均有不同程度的改善;与MODS组相比,在内毒素注射后3h及以后各时间点,血清肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）水平显著降低（P〈0.05）;器官衰竭发生率较MODS组明显降低（37.5%vs85.7%,P〈0.05）;MODS组肝、肾组织IL-6mRNA表达水平显著高于正常对照组和CVVHDF组（P〈0.01）,而CVVHDF组肝、肾组织IL-10 mRNA表达水平显著高于正常对照组和MODS组（P〈0.01）。结论：连续性血液透析滤过能明显改善肾功能,CVVHDF早期应用可以降低MODS肝、肾组织IL-6/IL-10mRNA比值,有助于重建机体免疫系统内稳状态。