疑难血管下肢人造血管内瘘血液透析的护理

我国维持性血液透析患者的数量日益增多,而糖尿病、老年、长期透析使血管耗竭的问题也日益突出。有效的血管通路是血液透析患者的生命线。由于自身血管条件的限制,人造血管因与组织相容性较好,已成为血管代用品。我科收治了一例有罕见复杂血管条件的患者,因深静脉多发血栓,行股动、静脉人造血管移植搭桥手术后予以透析治疗。     

Visual acuity after intravitreal ranibizumab with and without laser therapy in the treatment of macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion: a 12-month retrospective analysis

AIM: To identify factors contributing to visual improvement after treatment of macular edema (ME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and to assess the interaction between laser therapy and intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who had been treated for BRVO-related ME at our hospital. Records were traceable for at least 12mo, and evaluated factors included age, sex, medical history, smoking history, treatment methods, foveal hemorrhage, and change in visual acuity. Treatments included laser therapy, IVR, sub-Tenon’s capsule injection of triamcinolone (STTA), a combination, or no intervention. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and interaction terms were used to assess the clinical efficacy of the treatments, and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS: Seventy-three patients (34 men, 39 women; 73 eyes) with a mean age of 69.4±12.1y were included. Patients who underwent IVR monotherapy, laser monotherapy, and STTA+laser had significantly higher best corrected visual acuity at 12mo compared to baseline (P<0.001, <0.001, and 0.019, respectively). Logistic regression analysis without interaction terms found that IVR was a significant visual acuity recovery factor (adjusted OR: 3.89, 95%CI: 1.25-12.1, P=0.019). Adjusted OR using an interaction model by logistic regression was 16.6 (95%CI: 2.54-108.47, P=0.003) with IVR treatment, and 8.25 (95%CI: 1.34-50.57, P=0.023) with laser treatment. No interaction was observed (adjusted OR: 0.07, 95%CI: 0.01-0.75, P=0.029). CONCLUSION: IVR contributes to improvements in visual acuity at 12mo in ME secondary to BRVO. No interaction is observed between laser therapy and IVR treatments.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后自体血液回输减少血液制品的应用经验

目的总结非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCABG）后应用自体血液回输以减少血液制品的经验。方法将2007年8月至2011年8月北华大学第二附属医院心脏外科44例OPCABG患者随机分为自体血回输组（试验组）和异体血输血组（对照组）,每组各22例。试验组应用非洗涤过滤式自体引流血回输;对照组未用自体引流血回输。结果试验组自体引流血液回输量（774．9±278．7）ml,输异体红细胞悬液（744．4±．375．5）ml;对照组输异体红细胞悬液（1200．0±357．9）ml。试验组回输自体血量占输血总量的27．8％～96．0％,平均减少了47．9％以上的异体血输入量。术后随访1个月,两组无一例新桥梗阻及血栓形成,无一例再发心绞痛症状。试验组与对照组输异体血量差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,而输异体血浆差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论OPCABG术后应用一次性回输器回收自体引流血可以显著减少异体血输入量。     

Staurosporine对尼古丁诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞表达t-PA与PAI-1的影响

目的 通过观察不同浓度Staurosporine (STS)对尼古丁诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs)表达组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tissue type plasminogen activator,t-PA)与1型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1)mRNA及蛋白的影响,探讨尼古丁所致内皮细胞纤溶紊乱的机制.方法 将体外培养的3～6代HUVECs随机分为对照组、尼古丁组及不同浓度STS组,STS组分别以20、50、100μmol/L STS预处理细胞30 min,再与100 μmol/L尼古丁孵育24 h.酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法检测细胞上清液t-PA与PAI-1蛋白含量,RT-PCR检测PAI-1 mRNA表达.结果 尼古丁组PAI-1 mRNA与蛋白表达较对照组升高(P值均＜0.05);不同浓度STS组PAI-1 mRNA与蛋白表达较尼古丁组降低(P值均＜0.05),且呈浓度依赖性,以100 μmol/L STS组作用为著,但PAI-1 mRNA与蛋白表达仍高于对照组(P值均＜0.05).各组间t-PA蛋白差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).结论 STS通过阻断蛋白激酶C通路的信号传导可部分减弱尼古丁诱导的血管内皮细胞纤溶功能紊乱.     

A systematic review of comparative studies on bone graft alternatives for common spine fusion procedures

Background

The increased prevalence of spinal fusion surgery has created an industry focus on bone graft alternatives. While autologous bone graft remains the gold standard, the complications and morbidity from harvesting autologous bone drives the search for reliable and safe bone graft substitutes. With the recent information about the adverse events related to bone morhogenetic protein use, it is appropriate to review the literature about the numerous products that are not solely bone morphogenetic protein.

Purpose

The purpose of this literature review is to determine the recommendations for use of non-bone morphogenetic protein bone graft alternatives in the most common spine procedures based on a quantifiable grading system.

Study design

Systematic literature review.

Methods

A literature search of MEDLINE (1946–2012), CINAHL (1937–2012), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1940–April 2012) was performed, and this was supplemented by a hand search. The studies were then evaluated based on the Guyatt criteria for quality of the research to determine the strength of the recommendation.

Results

In this review, more than one hundred various studies on the ability of bone graft substitutes to create solid fusions and good patient outcomes are detailed.

Conclusion

The recommendations for use of bone graft substitutes and bone graft extenders are based on the strength of the studies and given a grade.     

Impact of donor age on long‐term outcomes after delayed graft function: 10‐year follow‐up

Delayed graft function (DGF) has a negative impact on graft survival in donation after brain death (DBD) but not for donation after cardiac death (DCD) kidneys. However, older donor age is associated with graft loss in DCD transplants. We sought to examine the interaction between donor age and DGF in DBD kidneys. This is a single‐center, retrospective review of 657 consecutive DBD recipients transplanted between 1990 and 2005. We stratified the cohort by decades of donor age and studied the association between DGF and graft failure using Cox models. The risk of graft loss associated with DGF was not significantly increased for donor age below 60 years (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.12, 1.51, and 0.90, respectively, for age <40, 41–50 and 51–60 years) but significantly increased after 60 years (aHR 2.67; P = 0.019). Analysis of death‐censored graft failure yielded similar results for donor age below 60 years and showed a substantially increased risk with donors above 60 years (aHR 6.98, P = 0.002). This analysis reveals an unexpectedly high impact of older donor age on the association between DGF and renal transplant outcomes. Further research is needed to determine the best use of kidneys from donors above 60 years old, where DGF is expected.     

Managing scaphoid fractures. How we do it?

The scaphoid is the common carpal bone to be fractured. Proper clinical and radiological evaluation is required to establish it's diagnosis. The management of acute fractures includes conservative treatment with cast in minimally displaced to open reduction and internal fixation in case of displaced ones. The established nonunion requires open reduction, bone grafting and internal fixation.     

腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复下肢大面积缺损

目的 探讨腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣(DIEP)皮瓣游离移植修复下肢外伤后大面积严重缺损的方法及疗效. 方法 2009年7月-2011年11月,应用腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣(DIEP)游离移植修复下肢外伤后大面积严重缺损患者共8例,其中足底外伤后全部缺损伴肌腱外露3例,胫骨骨折术后钢板外露伴大面积缺损3例,足跟部外伤植皮术后反复破溃2例. 结果 术后除1例皮瓣远端血运不良经积极处理后成活外,其余皮瓣全部成活良好,术后3例皮瓣略显臃肿,经皮瓣修薄后外形良好,其余外形及功能良好,患者均较满意. 结论 DIEP皮瓣存活率高;皮瓣为穿支皮瓣,保留全部腹直肌,避免了腹部并发症的发生.DIEP皮瓣游离移植是修复下肢外伤后大面积严重缺损的理想方法.     

经动脉与静脉采血行血液稀释式自体血回输的对比观察

目的比较经动脉与静脉采血行血液稀释式自体血回输的效果。方法将行血液稀释式自体血回输的择期手术患者189例按时间先后分为对照组(97例)和观察组(92例)。对照组行静脉采血,观察组经动脉采血,监测两组患者采血前后血压、心率、SpO2变化;比较两组采血时间、一次穿刺采血成功率。结果两组患者采血前、采血后15min、30min平均动脉压、心率、SpO2变化比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);观察组一次穿刺采血成功率显著高于对照组,采血时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论经动脉采血可在保证安全的前提下,缩短采血时间,提高一次采血成功率。     

三种不同植骨方式在胸、腰椎结核手术治疗中的观察

目的:对比观察块状植骨、颗粒植骨和钛网植骨三种不同植骨方式在后路胸腰椎结核手术中的临床应用效果.方法:选取我院93例胸、腰椎结核患者,分为三组,彻底结核病灶清除后,分别采用块状植骨(32例)、颗粒植骨(35例)、钛网植骨(26例)三种不同植骨方式,对三组术中植骨所需时间,术中出血量,术后后凸畸形角纠正状况,末次随访后凸畸形角丢失状况,植骨融合时间进行对比.结果:患者均得到12～36个月随访,植骨所需手术时间A组为23.4±4.3min,B组为5.2±2.4min,C组为25.6±3.6min,B组植骨所需时间明显短于A组、C组(P＜0.05),A组、C组比较差异无统计意义(P＞0.05);术中出血量A组为553±53ml,B组为352±48ml,C组为564±47ml,B组明显少于A组、C组(P＜0.05),A组、C组比较差异无统计意义(P＞0.05);术前Cobb角A组为36.5°±5.9°,B组为36.2°±4.7°,C组为36.8°±5.1°,三组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后Cobb角A、B、C三组分别为15.3°±3.6°、15.6°±3.1°及15.1°±2.9°,三组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);末次随访时Cobb角A组为16.9°±3.6°,平均丢失1.6°,B组为17.5°±3.1°,平均丢失1.9°,C组为16.8°±2.9°,平均丢失1.7°,三组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);植骨融合时间A组为5.9±0.4个月,B组为4.1±0.3个月,C组为6.2±0.5个月,B组明显短于A组、C组(P＜0.05),A组、C组比较差异无统计意义(P＞0.05).结论:颗粒骨植骨较传统块状植骨和钛网植骨植入方便易行,植入时间短,出血量少,植骨融合时间短,是后路胸椎结核病灶清除术后理想的植骨方式.