沙利度胺延缓大鼠的慢性移植物血管病

目的 研究沙利度胺对慢性移植物血管病的缓解作用,并探讨其机制.方法 建立大鼠腹主动脉慢性移植物血管病模型.同系对照组的供、受者均为Brown-Norway大鼠(BN大鼠),术后每天以生理盐水灌胃;同种移植组均以BN大鼠为供者,Lewis大鼠为受者,术后每天以生理盐水灌胃,溶剂对照组术后每天以二甲基亚砜灌胃,高剂量组术后每天以沙利度胺200mg/kg灌胃,低剂量组术后每天以沙利度胺100mg/kg灌胃.术后8周,光镜下观察移植血管组织形态学变化;采用免疫组织化学法测定移植血管中白细胞介素9(IL-9)和转化生长因子β(TGF-β)表达情况;采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)浓度.结果 同种对照组、溶剂对照组、高剂量组和低剂量组均呈现出典型的移植相关血管硬化,内膜明显增生,并呈同心圆增厚,同系对照组、同种对照组、溶剂对照组、高剂量组和低剂量组移植血管内膜厚度分别为(4.12±0.21)、(67.23±6.12)、(53.11±5.71)、(21.28±4.52)和(23.45±3.64)μm,高剂量组和低剂量组移植血管内膜厚度明显小于同种对照组和溶剂对照组(P＜0.05).同系对照组、同种对照组、溶剂对照组、高剂量组和低剂量组IL-9阳性细胞率分别为(12.54±4.56)％、(50.55±6.39)％、(45.26±2.32)％、(27.37±5.29)％和(29.11±3.20)％;TGF-β阳性细胞率分别为(18.12±6.21)％、(49.23±3.23)％、(40.61±4.13)％、(31.71±8.60)％和(29.35±6.85)％,高剂量组和低剂量组IL-9阳性细胞率和TGF-β阳性细胞率均明显低于同种对照组和溶剂对照组(P＜0.05).同系对照组、同种对照组、溶剂对照组、高剂量组和低剂量组血清中PDGF含量分别为0、(998±18)、(745±29)、(287±97)和(299±36)pg/ml,高剂量组和低剂量组血清PDGF含量均明显低于同种对照组和溶剂对照组(P＜0.05).结论 低剂量沙利度胺即可缓解慢性移植物血管病,这种作用可能与组织中TGF-β和IL-9表达下调,以及血清中PDGF浓度下降相关.     

肝癌复发与未复发患者再次肝移植的预后分析

目的 探讨肝癌复发与未复发患者再次肝移植的效果.方法 初次肝移植时原发疾病为肝癌(病理诊断)、移植后因各种原因需行再次肝移植者65例(肝癌组),分析其进行再次肝移植的原因以及再次肝移植后的并发症发生情况和预后,并于同期因肝脏良性疾病施行肝移植、移植后因各种原因需行再次肝移植者66例(非肝癌组)进行比较.结果 肝癌组初次肝移植后有11例(16.9％,11/65)因肝癌复发而行再次肝移植,非肝癌组无因肝癌而行再次移植者,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);非肝癌组初次肝移植后有11例(16.7％0,11/66)因血管并发症而进行再次肝移植,高于肝癌组(4.6％,3/65),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).肝癌组初次肝移植后肝癌复发者11例,其中10例(90.9％,10/11)在再次肝移植后因肝癌复发而死亡;肝癌组初次肝移植后肝癌未复发者54例,其中7例(13.0％,7/54)在再次肝移植后肝癌复发,明显低于复发者(P＜0.01),其移植肝5年累积存活率为51.0％,与非肝癌组(51.8％)差异很小(P＞0.05).结论 原发病为肝癌者初次肝移植后因肿瘤复发而行再次肝移植,其预后不佳;而因非肿瘤复发因素而行再次肝移植时,其再次肝移植的效果与因良性疾病而行肝移植者相近,不应受其原发疾病为肝癌的影响.     

Venous access and care: harnessing pragmatics in harm reduction for people who inject drugs

Aim To explore the facilitators of long‐term hepatitis C avoidance among people who inject drugs. Design We employed a qualitative life history design. Setting Recruitment took place through low‐threshold drug services and drug user networks in South East and North London. Participants were interviewed at the recruitment services or in their homes. Participants The sample comprised 35 people who inject drugs, 20 of whom were hepatitis C antibody‐negative. Participants' average injecting trajectory was 19 years (6–33), with 66% primarily injecting heroin, and 34% a crack and heroin mix. Nine (26%) of the sample were female and the average age was 39 years (23–53). Measurements Two interviews were conducted with each participant, with the second interview incorporating reference to a computer‐constructed life history time‐line. Interview accounts were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Findings Hepatitis C risk awareness was recent and deprioritized by the majority of participants. The facilitation of venous access and care was an initial and enduring rationale for safe injecting practices. Difficult venous access resulted in increased contamination of injecting environments and transitions to femoral injecting. Participants expressed an unmet desire for non‐judgemental venous access information and advice. Conclusions Harm reduction interventions which attend to the immediate priorities of people who inject drugs, such as venous access and care, have the potential to re‐engage individuals who are jaded or confused by hepatitis C prevention messages.     

Ⅳ型胶原酶门脉灌注治疗兔肝硬化有效性与安全性的观察

目的应用四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导兔肝硬化模型,观察Ⅳ型胶原酶门脉灌注对肝硬化程度及全身重要器官组织病理学的影响。方法新西兰大白兔皮下注射50%CCl4橄榄油造模后,将已形成肝硬化并门静脉插管成功的30只兔随机分为2组,组1经门静脉给药通路注入0.1%Ⅳ型胶原酶1.5 mL,组2注入等量0.9%氯化钠,5次/周,共4周。4周后,将各组动物处死,留取各器官组织,观察其病理学变化。结果造模成功后可观察到典型肝硬化病理表现,门脉灌注0.1%Ⅳ型胶原酶肝硬化动物肝脏纤维化程度明显降低,门静脉、心脏、肺、肾脏、脑组织等部位组织病理学无异常表现。结论采用门脉灌注0.1%Ⅳ型胶原酶可显著降低肝纤维化程度,在此剂量下,具有一定的全身安全性。     

应用重叠参考图像透视技术易化环肺静脉电隔离术操作治疗阵发性心房颤动

目的 探讨重叠参考图像透视技术(Overlay Ref)对环肺静脉电隔离术治疗阵发性心房颤动(房颤)的影响.方法 入选194例阵发性房颤患者,随机分为Overlay Ref组(97例)及对照组(97例).Overlay Ref组使用Overlay Ref技术(将参考图像以反白的形式叠加于透视屏上)辅助环肺静脉电隔离术的操作.对照组常规方法完成环肺静脉电隔离术.比较两组的总消融手术时间、消融时间、X线曝光量、肺静脉隔离率及随访1年的成功率.结果 两组患者的基线临床特征差异无统计学意义.所有患者均接受了环肺静脉电隔离术.Overlay Ref组的消融时间〔(89±13) min对(102±22) min,P＜0.01〕和总消融术时间[ (139±22) min对(162±31) min,P＜0.01]均明显比对照组短.Oveday Ref组的X线曝光量[( 13531±283) mGy对(13123±369)mGy]稍大,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组的环肺静脉电隔离率(97.9％对96.9％,P=NS)及随访1年的成功率(84.5％对81.4％,P＞0.05)差异也无统计学意义.结论 Overlay Ref技术可以易化环肺静脉电隔离术的操作,缩短房颤导管消融术的学习曲线.     

以双向阻滞作为阵发性心房颤动肺静脉电隔离终点的临床研究

目的 评价以左心房-肺静脉电联系双向阻滞作为环肺静脉消融电隔离术终点对阵发性心房颤动(房颤)导管消融疗效的影响.方法 在76例阵发性房颤患者导管消融达到左心房-肺静脉传入阻滞后,分别于每根肺静脉内起搏评价肺静脉-左心房传导情况.据此分为双向阻滞组(传入与传出均阻滞)和传入阻滞组,随访观察房颤导管消融的临床疗效.结果 76例均完成导管消融术,306根肺静脉(2例患者存在右中肺静脉)均达到左心房-肺静脉电学传入阻滞之传统终点.18例消融术后左心房-肺静脉传导呈双向阻滞,58例仅传入阻滞.平均随访(6.85±1.08)个月,1次消融成功率为77.63％.其中,双向阻滞组为83.33％,传入阻滞组为75.86％,两组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后房性心动过速发生率5.26％(4/76),无心脏压塞、脑栓塞、左心房食管瘘等并发症以及死亡发生.结论 以左心房-肺静脉传导双向阻滞为房颤导管消融终点治疗阵发性房颤的策略似乎临床疗效较好.     

冠状动脉搭桥术后应激性高血糖与术前糖化血红蛋白的关系研究

目的:探讨冠状动脉搭桥手术患者术后应激性血糖与术前糖化血红蛋(HbA1c)的关系。方法:回顾分析96例无糖尿病史且行心脏冠状动脉搭桥手术患者,术前完善了口服葡萄糖耐量(OGTT)试验除外糖尿病,根据HbA1c值分为相对高糖化组(HbA1c≥6.0%)和对照组(HbA1c<6.0%),观察2组术前基线指标和术后应激性血糖有无差异及相关性。结果:高糖化组与对照组术前年龄(P=0.001)、体质量指数(BMI)(P=0.007)、腰臀比(WHR)(P=0.0001)、胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR)指数(P=0.001)以及术后应激性血糖(P=0.0001)差异均有统计学意义;高糖化组术后应激性高血糖患者明显多于对照组(P=0.001),线性回归分析显示术前HbA1c值和应激性血糖密切相关(R2=0.224)。结论:术前超质量或腹型肥胖尤其是年龄大者,即使无糖尿病也应测定HbA1c,如果HbA1c≥6.0%应积极防治术后应激性高血糖。     

内窥镜下取小腿大隐静脉用于冠状动脉搭桥的临床效果

目的:评价内窥镜下采集小腿大隐静脉,用于非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术(off pump coronary artery bypass grafting,OPCABG)的临床效果。方法:选取OPCABG患者269例,根据小腿大隐静脉取材方式将患者分为,内窥镜血管采集(endoscopic vein harvesting,EVH)组和全程切开(open vein harvesting,OVH)组,比较两组取材时间、取材质量、切口并发症、围术期和术后近期随访时的临床效果及患者评价。结果:EVH组取材长度、血管质量和取材时间可满足冠状动脉搭桥手术需要。与OVH组相比,EVH组术后切口并发症发生率和下肢水肿发生率显著降低,且差异有统计学意义,但皮下组织瘀斑发生率较OVH组高。取材时间EVH组平均35 min,OVH组平均45 min,差异有统计学意义。远端吻合口数目EVH组3.2个/例,OVH组3.1个/例,差异无统计学意义。两组围术期心肌梗死发生率差异无统计学意义。本研究中,所有患者均痊愈出院,术后平均随访4～5个月,均无心绞痛再发。结论:CABG术中采取EVH取小腿大隐静脉的方法有效可行。其作为一种微创取血管的方法,取材质量良好、切口小、并发症更少,得到了医生和患者的认可。     

Anticoagulation therapy prevents portal-splenic vein thrombosis after splenectomy with gastroesophageal devascularization

AIM: To compare the incidence of early portal or splenic vein thrombosis (PSVT) in patients treated with irregular and regular anticoagulantion after splenectomy with gastroesophageal devascularization.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 301 patients who underwent splenectomy with gastroesophageal devascularization for portal hypertension due to cirrhosis between April 2004 and July 2010. Patients were categorized into group A with irregular anticoagulation and group B with regular anticoagulation, respectively. Group A (153 patients) received anticoagulant monotherapy for an undesignated time period or with aspirin or warfarin without low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) irregularly. Group B (148 patients) received subcutaneous injection of LMWH routinely within the first 5 d after surgery, followed by oral warfarin and aspirin for one month regularly. The target prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR) was 1.25-1.50. Platelet and PT/INR were monitored. Color Doppler imaging was performed to monitor PSVT as well as the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy.RESULTS: The patients’ data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Among the patients, 94 developed early postoperative mural PSVT, including 63 patients in group A (63/153, 41.17%) and 31 patients in group B (31/148, 20.94%). There were 50 (32.67%) patients in group A and 27 (18.24%) in group B with mural PSVT in the main trunk of portal vein. After the administration of thrombolytic, anticoagulant and anti-aggregation therapy, complete or partial thrombus dissolution achieved in 50 (79.37%) in group A and 26 (83.87%) in group B.CONCLUSION: Regular anticoagulation therapy can reduce the incidence of PSVT in patients who undergo splenectomy with gastroesophageal devascularization, and regular anticoagulant therapy is safer and more effective than irregular anticoagulant therapy. Early and timely thrombolytic therapy is imperative and feasible for the prevention of PSVT.