针灸治疗学教学中存在的问题及对策

针灸治疗学教学中存在的问题是:理论与临床分离;教学与科研脱节;教材与临床不符;古今文献处理不当;教材层次单一;双语教学人才匮乏.提出教学改革的对策是:理论联系实践;教学科研渗透;加强教材建设;改进教学方法;运用多媒体手段;加强中西医结合;加强双语教学;创造机会,早动手、多动手;改革考试方法.     

中药外治法发展存在的问题与对策

中医外治法是中医有效的给药途径之一 ,其发展前景广阔。目前存在的问题主要是 :1.重临床经验总结 ,轻外治理论研究 ;2 .大样本病例观察少 ,合作规范临床研究不够 ;3.低水平重复研究多 ,高科技重大突破少 ;4 .外治法保健品开发过滥 ,广告疗效宣传过头。促进中药外治法发展的对策 :1.深入进行理论研究 ;2 .规范临床研究 ;3.剂型改革与创新 ;4 .与高新技术相结合 ;5 .加强对医药广告市场的管理。     

Parenting children with neurodevelopmental disorders and/or behaviour problems

Background Parenting behaviours influence child well‐being and development. However, much of the research on parenting behaviours and their correlates has focused on caregivers of healthy, typically developing children. Relatively less is known about the parenting behaviours of caregivers of children with chronic health conditions. Objective To examine and compare three parenting behaviours (positive interactions, consistency and ineffective parenting) among caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and/or externalizing behaviour problems, before and after accounting for child and family socio‐demographic characteristics. Methods Participants (n= 14 226) were drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, a long‐term study of Canadian children that follows their development and well‐being from birth to early adulthood. Children (and their caregivers) were divided into four groups according to the presence of a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD; n= 815), the presence of an externalizing behaviour problem (EBP; n= 1322), the presence of both conditions (BOTH; n= 452) or neither of these conditions (NEITHER; n= 11 376). Results Caregivers of children in the NEITHER group reported significantly higher positive interaction scores and lower ineffective parenting behaviours than caregivers of children in any of the other three groups. Caregivers of children in the EBP and BOTH groups reported similar levels of consistency, but significantly lower levels than caregivers of NDD or NEITHER children. These associations largely remained after accounting for child and family socio‐demographic characteristics, with two exceptions: caregivers' reports of positive interactions were no longer significantly associated with child's NDD and BOTH conditions. Conclusions Parenting children with multiple health conditions can be associated with less positive, less consistent and more ineffective parenting behaviours. Understanding the factors that are associated with the challenges of caring for these children may require additional research attention.     

Alexithymia and Pathological Gambling

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between alexithymia and gambling in a community sample of pathological gamblers. Pathological, problem and non-problem gamblers were recruited from the community via advertisements and completed an assessment of their gambling behavior and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Alexithymia was higher among male pathological gamblers who identified slot machines, cards, and lotteries as their primary gambling problem. High alexithymics scored higher on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual symptoms related to poor self-regulation, communication, and problem-solving skills. Although a correlational study, the evidence suggests that further investigation of the clinical significance of alexithymia in individuals with severe gambling pathology is indicated.     

Professional Burnout:

This paper attempts to answer the question of why social caseworkers have ongoing supervision by exploring the historical evolution of social work supervision. Supervision has withstood the many changes in the field since its beginning in the late 1800s and has been reinterpreted to fit the prevailing theories guiding practice, thus avoiding obsolescence. Supervision began as an educational device, then evolved into a practice tool, later became a therapeutic method, and then became a separate entity from therapy.     

浅析城市环卫道路保洁车专用机构的传动方式

从技术及使用方面对现有国产环卫道路保洁车的专用机构传动进行了分析,得出采用全液压传动方式是环卫道路保洁车动力传递的最佳选择,并阐述了其先进性和适用性。     

Problematic alcohol use and marital distress: An interdependence theory perspective

This article reviews current literature examining problematic alcohol use and marital distress and introduces a new alcohol and marriage model within the theoretical framework of interdependence theory. Although marriage is generally associated with decreased heavy drinking and alcohol problems, many couples develop and maintain alcohol use disorders during committed relationships and marriage. When one person is affected by an alcohol use disorder, it both affects and is affected by their close relationships, particularly the relationship with their partner or spouse. While the causal connections between problematic drinking and marital distress are complex and only partially understood, available evidence demonstrates that the two problems often exacerbate each other, forming a detrimental cycle. Research using cross-sectional and longitudinal methods reveals covariation between the two as well as support for both causal directions. New models using the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) are presented and structured around the concept that these reverse temporal effects may be operating through different mechanisms and with different moderators. Thus, determinants are presented for each directional effect. Finally, avenues for future research are discussed.