Doppler sonography for ulnar neuropathy at the elbow

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the value of Doppler sonography for evaluation of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE). Methods: A total of 102 patients with a clinical suspicion of UNE and 50 healthy controls were examined by Doppler and gray‐scale sonography. Results: Intraneural vascularization was found in 31 (46.3%) of 67 patients with confirmed UNE and in 3 (6.0%) of 50 healthy controls. Combining gray‐scale sonography measurement of nerve size and the presence of intraneural vascularization increased sensitivity by 3%, but decreased the specificity. Patients with intraneural vascularization had more severe disease than those without intraneural vascularization (P < 0.05). The variables obtained by Doppler sonography were associated with the severity of UNE (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Doppler sonography is not helpful for diagnosing UNE but can be used to assess the severity of UNE. Muscle Nerve 54 : 258–263, 2016     

同种异体微小颗粒骨/磷酸钙骨水泥复合物修复骨缺损的实验研究

目的：检测同种异体微小颗粒骨／磷酸钙骨水泥复合物修复骨缺损的效果，为其临床应用提供依据。方法：手术造成日本大耳白兔双侧桡骨中段12mm骨缺损模型，植入同种异体微小颗粒骨／磷酸钙骨水泥复合物为实验组．植入同种异体做小颗粒骨为对照组和不植入任何物质的为空白组。术后4周和8周分别行大体观察，X线摄片，组织学观察．骨缺损修复血管化观察，生物力学测定。结果：同种异体微小颗粒骨／磷酸钙骨水泥复合物组比同种异体微小颗粒骨组能更有效地修复骨缺损．空白组无骨愈合迹象；组织学观察示同种异体微小颗粒骨／磷酸钙骨水泥复合物组生成的骨优于同种异体微小颗粒骨组；生物力学测定证明同种异体微小颗粒骨／磷酸钙骨水泥复合物组的力学强度优于同种异体微小颗粒骨组。结论：同种异体微小颗粒骨能较好地修复骨缺损，同种异体微小颗粒骨／磷酸钙骨水泥复合物修复骨缺损的效果更加优异。     

Adenoviral transfer of HIF-1α enhances vascular responses to critical limb ischemia in diabetic mice

Diabetes is a major risk factor for ischemic disease. Treatment options for diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease when revascularization is not possible are limited, resulting in a high incidence of limb amputation. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of AdCA5, an adenovirus encoding a constitutively active form of HIF-1α, in a diabetic model of critical limb ischemia. Diabetic db/db and nondiabetic db/+ mice were subjected to unilateral femoral artery ligation. Limb perfusion, tissue viability, and motor function were more severely impaired in db/db mice. Intramuscular injection of AdCA5 into the ischemic limb of db/db mice increased the recovery of limb perfusion and function, reduced tissue necrosis, rescued the diabetes-associated impairment of circulating angiogenic cells, enhanced endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation, and increased vessel density and luminal area in the ischemic limb.     

Retroaortic left renal vein: a report of six cases

Summary Six cases of retroaortic left renal vein have been studied, two in corpses and four by means of Computed Tomography. Any previous pathology has been rejected. The total number of dissected specimens was 116, whereas the patients with non-pathological retroperitoneum studied by CT numbered 170. In our six cases, the left renal vein formed a single trunk of considerable size, retroaortic position and directed obliquely towards the inferior vena cava.

---

Veine rénale gauche rétro-aortique : a propos de six cas

Résumé Six cas de veines rénales gauches rétro-aortiques sont étudiés ; deux découverts de façon systématique lors de nécropsies et quatre lors d'examens tomo-densitométriques. Il n'existait pas de pathologie associée. 116 corps ont été disséqués, 170 patients dont la région rétropéritonéale ne présentait pas d'anomalies, ont été étudiés par examen scannographique. Dans les six cas, la veine rénale gauche se présente comme un gros tronc unique en position rétro-aortique oblique vers la veine cave inférieure.

     

Three-dimensional reconstruction of tumor microvasculature: Simultaneous visualization of multiple components in paraffin-embedded tissue

Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of microscopic structures may provide useful information about the exact 3D configuration, and offers a useful tool to examine the spatial relationship between different components in tissues. A promising field for 3D investigation is the microvascular architecture in normal and pathological tissue, especially because pathological angiogenesis plays a key role in tumor growth and metastasis formation. This paper describes an improved method for 3D reconstruction of microvessels and other microscopic structures in transmitted light microscopy. Serial tissue sections were stained for the endothelial marker CD34 to highlight microvessels and corresponding images were selected and aligned. Alignment of stored images was further improved by automated non-rigid image registration, and automated segmentation of microvessels was performed. Using this technique, 3D reconstructions were produced of the vasculature of the normal brain. Also, to illustrate the complexity of tumor vasculature, 3D reconstructions of two brain tumors were performed: a hemangioblastoma and a glioblastoma multiforme. The possibility of multiple component visualization was shown in a 3D reconstruction of endothelium and pericytes of normal cerebellar cortex and a hemangioblastoma using alternate staining for CD34 and α-smooth muscle actin in serial sections, and of a GBM using immunohistochemical double staining. In conclusion, the described 3D reconstruction procedure provides a promising tool for simultaneous visualization of microscopic structures.     

羟基磷灰石义眼座血管化的MRI量化数据分析

目的:在以往研究的基础上,运用MRI量化数椐分析帽式巩膜瓣覆盖法植入羟基磷灰石（HA）义眼座血管化情况,评价该术式的优越性。方法:回顾性分析26例眼眶内植入HA义眼座MRI表现,术后1~10mo至少行一次MRI平扫及增强检查,计算出义眼座的VE/VHA比值,VE为义眼座强化区体积,VHA为义眼座体积。结果:患者26例眼眶内植入HA义眼座均未出现手术并发症。收集到VE/VHA比值分布为术后1mo 3例,术后2mo 5例,术后3mo 5例,术后4mo 7例,术后5~10mo 6例,经统计学处理后显示前5mo HA内血管变化明显,5mo 后则不再发生变化。结论:MRI增强扫描可以精确量化观测义眼座血管化程度和范围,帽式巩膜瓣覆盖法植入HA义眼座完全血管化的时间是术后5mo左右。     

结缔组织生长因子在2型糖尿病大鼠虹膜中的表达

目的探索2型糖尿病大鼠虹膜新生血管(new vascularization of iris,NVI)的形成与虹膜组织中结缔组织生长因子(connective tissue growth factor,CTGF)表达的关系。方法将Wistar大鼠40只随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各20只大鼠。实验组大鼠通过腹腔注射STZ制备2型糖尿病大鼠模型,对照组为正常大鼠。造模成功后取出大鼠眼球,将实验组及对照组各取15只眼球用酶联免疫吸附测定法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,Elisa)定量分析大鼠虹膜中CTGF的表达情况,实验组及对照组另25只眼球取虹膜进行光镜和电镜观察(其中光镜观察各15只眼球,电镜观察各10只眼球)。结果光镜和电镜下将实验组与对照组相比较,实验组大鼠虹膜有明显的NVI的特征性改变,而对照组无显著改变。在实验组大鼠虹膜中CTGF的含量为(1010.49±8.18)ng·L-1,而在对照组大鼠虹膜中CTGF的含量为(644.82±8.08)ng·L-1,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 2型糖尿病大鼠虹膜中CTGF的含量与其NVI的生成有一定关系。