牵张成骨术治疗复杂颌面骨骼缺损和畸形

目的:探讨用牵张成骨技术治疗常规方法处理困难的颌面骨骼缺损和畸形。方法:18例无法采用常规方法治疗的多类颅颌面畸形患者,分别使用外置式和内置式牵张器进行骨牵张术矫治。术前均作外科模型和必要的头影测量。术后延迟期为7天,牵张节律为lmm/天,2～4次/天,牵张结束后常规固定6～8周。结果:术后伤口正常愈合,牵张过程顺利,均达到预期牵张目的,无严重并发症发生。患者的咬合关系和面形均得到恢复。腭裂治疗后继发畸形患者最大牵张距离为20mm,最小距离为15mm;下颌骨重建患者最大牵张距离为30mm。下颌骨垂直牵张患者固定期近牵张区出现病理性骨折,但未出现错位,经内固定处理,牵张完成后,未出现畸形愈合情况或骨不连接。结论:骨牵引延长技术可以很好地适用于多种颅颌面骨畸形或骨缺损患者的治疗,尤其适用于软组织量不足、不易覆盖移植骨的患者,而且不需要另取自体骨移植。     

Late-onset spinal deformities in children treated by laminectomy and radiation therapy for malignant tumours

This is a retrospective study of 76 children who had had malignant tumours treated with laminectomy or laminoplasty and/or radiation therapy affecting the spine. Spinal tumours in children are extremely rare. However, their treatment can result in progressive spinal deformity. Radiation therapy affecting the growing spine can lead to asymmetric vertebral growth, causing kyphosis and/or scoliosis. These spinal deformities pose one of the most challenging problems for the spine surgeon. The aim of this article is to describe late-onset post-laminectomy/post-radiation spinal deformities and to evaluate the results of their treatment. Seventy-six children, with a mean age of 4 years and 7 months (range, 2 months to 16 years), underwent surgical removal of malignant tumours, between 1961 and 1995. Sixty-seven of them developed post-laminectomy/post-radiation spinal deformity. Conservative treatment consisted of bracing and corrective plaster casts. In 46 cases the deformity was treated surgically. A distraction plaster cast was used as preoperative preparation in the more severe and rigid curves, with or without neurological impairment. Surgery consisted of combined anterior and posterior fusion in 39 cases and posterior fusion in seven cases. Posterior instrumentation was used in 38 cases. The mean follow-up period was 6 years and 7 months (range, 9 months to 20 years and 2 months). Nine children did not develop deformity following the primary tumour treatment. One of them underwent laminectomy with posterolateral fusion and eight had laminoplasty combined with external immobilisation. Forty-six children developed iatrogenic kyphosis and underwent surgical correction from a mean of 75° pre-correction to a mean of 32°. The mean scoliotic angle correction was 66° preoperatively to 34° postoperatively. At follow-up, the mean correction loss was 7° in the sagittal plane and 5° in the coronal plane. Preoperative distraction plaster cast treatment resulted in a correction of 39% in kyphosis and of 58% in scoliosis, and in a partial or complete recovery of neurological deficits in all but one patient. In severe and rigid curves that develop following treatment of paediatric spinal tumours, preoperative application of a distraction plaster cast can reduce deformity and facilitate surgical correction. Furthermore, in the case of pure bony compression of the spinal cord due to the apical vertebra of the deformity, treatment with the distraction plaster can result in recovery from the neurological impairment. The prevention of post-laminectomy/post-radiation spine deformities is emphasised. Rigid external immobilisation for a period of 4 months in the cervical spine and of 6 months in the thoracic spine is recommended after both laminoplasty and laminectomy with posterolateral fusion.The research was carried out at Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Paris     

应用横行旋转红唇粘膜肌肉瓣矫正唇裂继发红唇畸形

目的：寻求一种简便有效的方法矫正唇裂继发畸形中上唇瘢痕处局部组织缺少,而裂侧上唇红唇组织过多的畸形。方法：采用裂侧横行旋转红唇粘膜肌肉瓣矫正唇裂继发红唇凹陷畸形,利用裂侧过多的粘膜肌肉组织来修复凹陷部的组织缺损。结果：此法简便易行,术中供瓣区组织量充足,术后组织瓣成活率高,瘢痕隐蔽,效果显著。结论：这使一个比较复杂的畸形用较简便的方法一次得以矫正,创伤小,并发症少,值得推广应用。     

烹调油烟冷凝物遗传毒性实验研究

目的研究胡麻油烟冷凝物对小鼠致突变作用。方法采用不同剂量胡麻油烟冷凝物灌胃染毒小鼠,通过微核实验和精子畸形分析,观察微核率和精子畸形率变化。结果各染毒组微核率和精子畸形率均明显高于阴性对照组和胡麻油对照组(P＜0.01),并呈现剂量反应关系(P＜0.05)。结论在上述两实验系统中,胡麻油烟冷凝物具有明显的致突变作用。     

Posterolateral plate fixation with Pantalarlock® is more stable than nail fixation in tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis in a biomechanical cadaver study

BackgroundDespite the promising results of ankle joint arthroplasty, the tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis remains an established procedure in treatment of combined pathology of the ankle and subtalar joint. Despite the promising results in biomechanical investigations, nonunion rates of up to 24% are described in recent studies. The objective of this work was a comparative study of the biomechanical properties of the posterolateral plate fixation with retrograde intramedullary nail fixation.MethodsTwenty four fresh-frozen human lower leg specimens (12 pairs) were used for the comparative biomechanical testing. Every specimen was preconditioned with 100 N over 200 cycles. After every 250 cycles the force was increased by 50 N from 200 to 600 N. This was followed by cyclic loading in dorsi-/plantiflexion with 800 N for 3000 cycles. All specimens were subjected to bone densitometry (DXA) and computed tomography.ResultsSignificantly higher number of spacimens with nails (4) failed during the cycling testing in dorsi-/plantarflexion and futher two during the cyclic testing with 800 N. Two specimens with plates failed during the cyclic testing with 800 N. Statistical analysis showed that the specimens with the plate were significantly more stable in each test direction. The Pearson correlation demonstrated for the specimens with plate a linear relationship between the stiffness and the determined bone density.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate a significantly superior stiffness of the Pantalarlock®-plate in all testing directions compared with the HAN nail. Probably the position of the plate on the tension side of the joint and the combination of locking and lag screws provide the higher stiffness of the plate system. The correlation of the stiffness with bone density leads to more predictable results of the plate arthrodesis. We hope for a reduction of the pseudarthrosis rate and shorten the postoperative treatment phase. The authors expect advantages in the treatment of high risk patients with severe deformity of the ankle, bone defects, neuropathic deformity, poor bone quality and osteoporosis.     

儿童肱骨髁上骨折手术治疗方法改良的初步观察

目的探讨改良术式加固儿童肱骨髁上骨折稳定性及纠正肘内翻畸形的效果。方法对30例肱骨髁上骨折患儿采用手术切开复位,近侧端斧形截骨、远侧端V形截骨,然后用2枚克氏针交叉固定,肱三头肌桡侧重叠缝合、浅层向桡侧翻转缝合。术后用石膏托外固定患肢于屈肘90°位3周。随访6～18个月。结果截骨改良治疗组的30例,优22例,良6例,差2例,优良率达93.33%,无1例肘内翻畸形;而传统治疗组优良率只有62.50%。两组比较差异有显著性(χ2=6.03,P<0.05)。结论该技术为一种操作简单、损伤小,手术并发症少、效果好的方法,值得临床推广。     

威海市在乡复退军人精神疾病现状调查分析

目的：掌握威海市在乡复退军人精神疾病患者的现状,为进一步做好复退军人精神病防治提供科学依据。方法：对威海市在乡复退军人精神病患者应用《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准（第三版）》及PSE、BPRS、SDSS、SAPS、SANS量表进行检查。结果：精神分裂症占首位,情感性精神障碍占第二位,患者的各量表分均显著增高,精神残疾发生率高。结论：应加强对复退军人精神病的防治。     

Treatment of Thoracolumbar Vertebrate Fracture by Transpedicular Morselized Bone Grafting in Vertebrae for Spinal Fusion and Pedicle Screw Fixation

To enhance the fusion of graft bone in thoracolumbar vertebrae and minimize the postoperative loss of correction, short-segment pedicle screw fixation was reinforced with posterior moselizee bone grafting in vertebrae for spinal fusion in patients with thoracrolumbar vertebrate fractures. Seventy patients with thoracrolumbar vertebrate fractures were treated by short-segment pedicle screw fixation and were randomly divided into two groups. Fractures in group A （n=20） were rein-forced with posterior morselized bone grafting in vertebrae for spinal fusion, while patients group B （n=50） did not receive the morselized bone grafting for bone fusion. The two groups were compared in terms of kyphotic deformity, anterior vertebral height, instrument failure and neurological functions after the treatment. Frankel grading system was used for the evaluation of neurological evaluation and Denis scoring scale was employed for pain assessment. The results showed that the kyphosis correction was achieved in both group A and group B （group A： 6.4 degree; group B： 5.4 degree）/At the end of follow-up, kyphosis correction was maintained in group A but lost in group B （P=0.0001）. Postoperatively, greater anterior height was achieved in group A than in group B （P〈0.01）. During follow-up study, anterior vertebral height was maintained only in Group A （P〈0.001）. Both group A and group B showed good Denis pain scores （P1 and P2） but group A outdid group B in terms of control of severe and constant pain （P4 and P5）. By Frankel criteria, the changes in neurological functions in group A was better than those of group B （P〈0.001）. It is concluded that reinforcement of short-segment pedicle fixation with morselized bone grafting for the treatment of patients with thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture could achieve and maintain kyphosis correction, and it may also increase and maintain anterior vertebral height. Morselized bone grafting in vertebrae offers immediate spinal stability in patients with th     

胫骨髁外翻截骨术联合关节镜下清理术治疗膝关节内翻畸形1例报道

膝关节因外伤或退变等因素发生内翻畸形时，长期异常的负重载荷会加速内侧间室关节软骨的退变，引发膝关节骨性关节炎。胫骨髁外翻截骨术（tibial condylar valgus osteotomy，TCVO）对胫骨内侧平台塌陷具有“跷跷板”效应的膝关节内翻畸形具有很好的治疗效果。本文报道1例经TCVO联合关节镜下清理术治疗Schatzker Ⅳ型胫骨内侧平台陈旧性骨折伴内翻畸形病例。     

术前膝内外翻畸形程度对全膝关节置换术后疗效的影响研究

目的 探讨术前膝内外翻畸形程度对全膝关节置换术（TKA）后疗效的影响。方法 回顾性分析2016年3月至2020年6月因膝关节骨关节炎于武汉大学人民医院行初次全膝关节置换术的患者174例（178膝）。依据术前患肢髋膝踝角度分为A组（膝内翻≤10°）、B组（10°＜膝内翻≤20°）、C组（膝外翻≤10°）、D组（10°＜膝外翻≤20°）。其中,男27例,女147例;年龄65 ～ 88岁,平均（72.8±6.2）岁。记录术前及术后1周术侧HKA角,术前1周及术后末次随访时的HSS、ROM、AKS评分、VAS评分、AOFAS评分。对以上指标进行组间比较及相关性分析。结果 174例患者均获得随访,随访15 ～ 66个月,平均（42.0±16.0）个月。各组术后1周时HKA角均较术前明显改善（P＜0.05）;末次随访时各组患者的HSS评分、ROM评分、AKS功能和活动评分、AOFAS评分均较术前明显提高（P＜0.05）;VAS评分均较术前明显下降（P＜0.05）。不同程度内/外翻的术前各项指标、术后HKA及优良率、AOFAS评分比较,内/外翻程度越严重,结果越差（P＜0.05）;术后HSS评分、ROM、AKS功能及活动评分、VAS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。膝内翻患者的术前HKA角与术前HSS评分、ROM、AKS活动及功能评分、VAS评分、AOFAS评分、术后AOFAS评分正相关（P＜0.05）,与术后HSS评分、ROM、AKS活动及功能评分、VAS评分无相关（P＞0.05）。膝外翻患者的术前HKA角与术前HSS评分、ROM、AKS活动及功能评分、AOFAS评分、术后AOFAS评分负相关（P＜0.05）,与术后HSS评分、ROM、AKS活动及功能评分、VAS评分、术前VAS评分无相关（P＞0.05）。结论 从中期随访来看,患者术前膝内、外翻畸形的严重程度对术后HKA对线优良率、术后踝关节功能、术前膝关节功能有显著影响,而对术后膝关节功能无显著影响。