(足母)外翻的手术治疗

(足母)外翻是一种常见的前足疾病,发病率较高,多见于女性,常随年龄增长而呈加重趋势,由于畸形和疼痛,常需手术治疗.(足母)外翻的手术治疗早在18世纪末已广泛兴起,随着各种术式的广泛开展及对其效果的追踪评价,大多数手术方式由于弊大于利被淘汰,而一些术式被证实有效,且经过不断改良与完善,已融入现代治疗方法中,手术方式主要包括软组织修复手术、截骨术、关节成形术及关节融合术,手术方法的合理选择是保证治疗效果的关键.     

正常足与拇外翻足前足承重比例与跖骨头下压力的研究

目的 从生物力学角度探讨外翻足承重比例及跖骨头下压力的改变情况。方法将测试对象分为正常组(160足)、轻中度(足母)外翻组(100足)、重度(足母)外翻组(56足)三组,运用我所生物力学室研制的足底压力测试系统,对正常足与(足母)外翻足足底压力进行测试,并将结果进行统计分析。结果 轻中度(足母)外翻足前足承重比例较正常足增加,重度(足母)外翻足前足承重比例介于正常足与轻中度(足母)外翻足之间。(足母)外翻足存在着前足压力外移的趋势,这种改变和畸形的程度相关。结论 从生物力学角度证明,(足母)外翻前足承重比例及各跖骨头下压力的变化随(足母)外翻畸形程度增加出现不同程度的变化。     

微创Chevron-Akin截骨术治疗轻中度拇外翻的早期疗效分析

目的 :探讨微创Chevron-Akin(minimally invasive Chevron-Akin,MICA)截骨术治疗轻中度拇外翻的早期临床疗效。方法:自2019年6月至2021年4月,采用MICA截骨术治疗26例(29足)轻中度拇外翻患者,其中男1例,女25例;年龄19～78(38.3±19.5)岁。观察并比较手术前后拇外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA),第1、2跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA),第1跖骨短缩。末次随访时采用美国骨科足踝外科协会(American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)前足评分系统及视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评价治疗效果,并记录相关并发症。结果:26例(29足)均获得随访,时间12～33(19.6±5.1)个月。HVA、IMA分别由术前的(32.3±6.6)°、(11.7±3.2)°矫正为术后的(13.0±5.3)°、(6.1±3.2)°,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);第1跖骨短缩(2.7±1.1) m...     

关节镜下行(足母)外翻外侧松解背侧入路的研究

目的探讨关节镜下行躅外翻外侧松解背侧入路的可行性及方法。方法解剖研究采用10具新鲜保留踝关节的足部标本。在关节镜监视下,以钩刀松解外侧关节囊和躅内收肌斜头。观察各入路与周围神经血管、肌腱之间的关系,并统计松解范围。临床研究对5例躅外翻患者行关节镜下外侧松解加内侧软组织紧缩手术,患者均为女性,平均年龄30岁。术前躅外翻角为24^o-38^o,平均30^o,跖间角为9^o-11^o,平均10^o。结果解剖研究近侧切口与躅短伸肌腱非常接近,为0—3mm,平均1．5mm;与躅长伸肌腱相距为1—4mm,平均2．4mm。远侧切口与第一趾背动脉和趾背神经非常接近,为1～3mm,平均1、4mm,极易损伤。6例正常足中,1例松解跖籽骨韧带,1例作部分松解（70％）。在4例足母外翻足中,2例松解跖籽骨韧带,1例作了部分松解（50％）。临床研究5例患者平均随访时间9个月。最后一次随访时X线片示足母外翻角4^o-9^o,平均7^o,跖间角8^o～10^o,平均9^o。患者均恢复良好,对外形满意,未见肌腱损伤、麻木、感染、跖趾关节僵硬等并发症发生。结论背侧入路关节镜下外侧松解是可行的,其手术切口较小,镜下视野清晰,可以根据需要松解外侧结构的各个部分,由于不损伤血管,减少了跖骨头坏死的发生。     

基于CT图像(足母)外翻足有限元模型的建立与临床意义

[目的]构建包括主要骨骼和软组织的(足母)外翻足有限元模型,为(足母)外翻疾病的基础及临床研究提供可靠工具.[方法]获取(足母)外翻志愿者右足螺旋CT图像,应用逆向工程软件进行足部骨骼曲面重构,获得足部骨骼的三维实体模型,进行有限元网格划分,材料特性和参数根据文献和解剖定义和赋值.计算和分析(足母)外翻足静态站立时足底应力.采用Footscan平板压力测试系统,测试同一患者站立时足底受力情况,测量数值与有限元计算结果进行对比.[结果]建立了67239个节点,69189个单元的骨骼、软骨、肌腱、内在肌、皮肤等组织(足母)外翻足三维有限元模型.有限元模型足底静态应力与Footscan力板测量结果对比,压力集中部位两者大体一致,在跖骨头部位的压力数值非常接近.[结论]构建的(足母)外翻足有限元模型基本可靠,反映了(足母)外翻足的解剖结构和力学特性,可用于(足母)外翻力学变化的可视化分析和手术评估研究.     

Bioabsorbable Calcaneo-Stop Implant for the Treatment of Flexible Flatfoot: A Retrospective Cohort Study at a Minimum Follow-Up of 4 Years

Arthroereisis of the subtalar joint is a common surgical technique in Europe for the management of flexible flatfoot in the pediatric population. In most cases, it is performed using a calcaneo-stop metallic screw. Despite the good clinical results, screw removal is always advised after 2 to 3 years. The use of a bioabsorbable screw might overcome the need for a second operation to remove a nonabsorbable device. We report the results of a biodegradable calcaneo-stop screw at a minimum of 4 years of follow-up. Eighty-eight procedures were performed on 44 children. All patients were clinically and radiologically evaluated preoperatively and at a minimum 4-year follow-up period. Patient satisfaction and plantar collapse using Viladot's classification were recorded. Meary's talus–first metatarsal angle and talocalcaneal angle were measured on radiographs preoperatively and at the last follow-up visit. The presence of the device at the last follow-up examination was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. The mean follow-up duration was 56 months. Of the 44 patients, 33 (75%) reported excellent clinical outcomes, 9 (20.5%) good outcomes, and 2 (4.5%) poor. Foot print improvement was registered for all patients. The mean Meary's talus–first metatarsal angle had improved from 160.6° ± 7.7° preoperatively to 170.6° ± 6.5° at the last follow-up visit (p < .001). The talocalcaneal angle had decreased from 39.9° ± 5.2° preoperatively to 29.4° ± 4° at the last follow-up examination (p < .001). At the 4-year follow-up point, the implant could be seen to have almost completely biodegraded on magnetic resonance imaging. Two screw breakages occurred. The bioabsorbable calcaneo-stop screw seems to be an effective solution for flexible flatfoot in pediatric patients. Also, owing to its biodegradable composition, the need of a second operation for implant removal will not always be necessary.     

Bone metastases in osteosarcoma patients treated with neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy The Rizzoli experience in 52 patients

Introduction?There have been no large-scale studies reporting the outcome of patients with osteosarcoma who first relapse with bone metastases, but there have been several case reports describing a much poorer prognosis for these patients than for those who relapse with lung metastases.

Methods?We compared 52 patients with skeletal metastases as first relapse after neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment for osteosarcoma of the extremity given at our institution between 1972 and 1999 with 371 contemporary patients treated with the same chemotherapy protocols, who first relapsed with lung metastases.

Results?We found that the 52 patients with bone metastases had a higher rate of local recurrences (36% vs. 6%), a lower rate of remission (35% vs. 77%), and lower rates of 5-year event-free survival (11% vs. 27%) and overall survival (13% vs. 31%) (p < 0.01 for all comparisons).

Interpretation?The prognosis of patients who relapse with bone metastases—unless they have a single lateappearing metastasis—is worse than the prognosis of patients who first relapse with lung metastases. There was no difference in outcome between patients with single, resectable and late-appearing skeletal metastases and patients relapsing in the lung.     

ACL Injury prevention in female athletes: review of the literature and practical considerations in implementing an ACL prevention program

Female athletes are at 3.5 times risk of sustaining a non-contact ACL injury compared with males. Research has shown that this gender discrepancy results from differences in neuromuscular adaptations and biomechanics related to landing techniques. Studies have examined the preventative effect of ACL prevention programs, which have been designed to address these risky neuromuscular and biomechanical patterns. We review the key studies on ACL prevention in female athletes and summarize the critical components of ACL prevention strategies that have been shown to successfully decrease ACL injury risk. We also discuss recommendations and practical considerations in the implementation of ACL prevention programs in various community settings.     

A patient-based questionnaire to assess outcomes of foot surgery: Validation in the context of surgery for hallux valgus

Background: A patient-based outcome measure with good measurement properties is urgently needed for use in clinical trials of foot surgery. Methods: We evaluated an existing foot pain and disability questionnaire (the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Questionnaire) for its suitability as an outcome measure in the context of hallux valgus corrective surgery. Interviews with patients led to initial changes, resulting in 20 candidate questionnaire items with five response categories each. These were tested in a prospective study of 100 patients (representing 138 foot operations) undergoing hallux valgus corrective surgery. Analysis of underlying factor structure, dimensionality, internal reliability, construct validity and responsiveness of the questionnaire items in relation to (i) SF-36 general health survey and (ii) American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux clinical scale resulted in a final 16 item questionnaire (the ‘Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire’ (MOXFQ)), consisting of three domains/scales: ‘Walking/standing’ (seven items), ‘Pain’ (five items) and ‘Social interaction’ (four items) each having good measurement properties. All three domains were unidimensional. Conclusions: The new 16-item MOXFQ has good measurement properties in the context of outcomes assessment of surgery for hallux valgus. Future studies should assess the MOXFQ in the context of surgery for other foot and ankle conditions.     

微创手术治疗拇外翻的疗效观察

目的 探讨微创手术治疗拇外翻的临床效果及优缺点.方法 对我院近3年收治的845例(1467足)拇外翻患者采用微创手术治疗,回顾性分析治疗的效果.结果 1467足均在术后8周一期愈合,内侧皮神经损伤19足.拇趾僵硬12足,第一跖趾关节痛、畸形矫正不良8足(均为重度拇外翻患者),转移性跖骨痛6足,足中部不适6足,均对症治疗效果满意.结论 拇外翻微创治疗适合于轻中度拇外翻患者,术后可在短期内愈合,并发症少.