Feasibility of open and percutaneous corrective osteotomies of the second phalanx of the great toe: An approach on a cadaveric model

BackgroundHaving had a previous experience of 4 open F2 osteotomies to correct interphalangeal hallux valgus, the aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a percutaneous approach for this correction.Methods3 open and 12 percutaneous F2 osteotomies in 15 cadaver feet were performed. Interphalangeal (IPH), F2 asymmetry (AF2) and joint deviation (JD) angles were measured on radiographs. The operated great toes were anatomically analyzed looking for possible lesions to surrounding tissues.ResultsMean IPH decreased from 10.7° to 2.9°, AF2 from 7.8° to 1°, and JD from 1.4° to 0.5°. Damage to the hallux extensor tendon was detected in 1 foot and a nail bed lesion was detected in 1 case, both operated percutaneously.ConclusionsF2 Valgus deformity can be corrected using open or percutaneous osteotomy. The authors consider the open correction worthwhile because percutaneous techniques may damage surrounding tissues and the incision length difference is minor.Level of clinical evidence: 3.     

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

A 2-year-old boy presented with low-grade fever and multiple progressive painful swellings over upper dorsal trunk and supraclavicular region with progressive stiffening of skin for the last 2 months. Examination revealed dysmorphic face, proximally placed thumb and bilateral hallux valgus. Hence, a diagnosis of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva was entertained     

Tibiofemoral Joint Positioning for the Valgus Stress Test

Context:

Recommendations on the positioning of the tibiofemoral joint during a valgus stress test to optimize isolation of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) from other medial joint structures vary in the literature. If a specific amount of flexion could be identified as optimally isolating the MCL, teaching and using the technique would be more consistent in clinical application.

Objective:

To determine the angle of tibiofemoral joint flexion between 0° and 20° that causes a difference in the slope of the force-strain line when measuring the resistance to a valgus force applied to the joint.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Twelve healthy volunteers (6 men, 6 women: age  =  26.4 ± 5.6 years, height  =  170.9 ± 8.4 cm, mass  =  75.01 ± 14.6 kg).

Intervention(s):

Using an arthrometer, we applied a valgus force, over a range of 60 N, to the tibiofemoral joint in 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20° of flexion.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Force-strain measurements were obtained for 5 positions of tibiofemoral joint flexion.

Results:

As knee flexion angle increased, slope values decreased (F_4,44  =  17.6, P < .001). The slope at full extension was not different from that at 5° of flexion, but it was different from the slopes at angles greater than 10° of flexion. Similarly, the slope at 5° of flexion was not different from that at 10° of flexion, but it was different from the slopes at 15° and 20° of flexion. Further, the slope at 10° of flexion was not different from that at 15° or 20° of flexion. Finally, the slope at 15° of flexion was not different from that at 20° of flexion.

Conclusions:

When performing the manual valgus stress test, the clinician should fully extend the tibiofemoral joint or flex it to 5° to assess all resisting medial tibiofemoral joint structures and again at 15° to 20° of joint flexion to further assess the MCL.     

"跖袖"的解剖学特点及临床意义

目的:探讨跖袖的解剖学特点及临床意义。方法:对20只足的跖袖的构成特点进行应用解剖学观测及力学分析。结果:跖袖的构成复杂,其中收肌、展肌是维持前足横弓及籽骨系统动力平衡的关键因素,跖袖的动力平衡失调,特别是展肌与收肌通过籽骨系统导致的平衡失调是外翻形成的核心机制,在外翻畸形的发生中有着特殊的临床意义。结论:展肌与收肌移位吻合矫正外翻的新术式恢复了跖袖的正常解剖关系,重建前足横弓,恢复了前足的生理解剖结构及生物力学功能。     

Ludloff截骨术治疗踇外翻的三维数字模型研究

目的　建立母外翻足三维数字模型,通过模拟Ludloff截骨手术,比较术前术后各项参数的变化,预测术后疗效及并发症,为临床进行母外翻Ludloff截骨术提供一定的理论支持,尽可能降低手术风险,增加手术安全性,提高疗效。 方法　回顾性调查11例（13足）在本院足踝外科治疗的母外翻患者,模拟手术前后对三维重建模型进行母外翻角（HVA）、第1~2跖间角（IMAI~II）、第1跖骨长度、第2跖骨相对长度、第1~5跖间角（IMAI~V）等数值测量记录,并行统计学分析。 结果 模拟截骨术前后HVA分别为（35.62±6.54）°,（11.43±3.24）°;IMAI~II分别为（16.43±2.41）°,（9.12±3.18）°;第1跖骨长度分别为（63.58±4.17）mm,（59.87±3.83）mm;第2跖骨相对长度分别为（93.74±6.02）°,（86.85±5.36）°;IMAI~V分别为（29.68±3.65）°,（19.45±2.46）°。模拟手术前后上述对应指标改变有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论　应用三维数字模型技术对母外翻患者进行模拟Ludloff截骨术及测量相关参数,是一种可以评估Ludloff截骨效果的数字化技术,为制定手术方案提供依据。     

Dynamic Valgus Alignment and Functional Strength in Males and Females During Maturation

Context:

Sex differences in dynamic measures have been established in physically mature populations. Gaining information on maturation''s effect on dynamic performance measures implicated in injury risk may enable us to better design injury prevention programs.

Objective:

To examine sex differences in dynamic valgus alignment and triple-hop distance measures across maturational stages in males and females. A secondary purpose was to determine if a field test of strength and power predicts dynamic valgus alignment.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

157 young athletes (78 females, 79 males) aged 9 to 18 years.

Intervention(s):

Subjects performed drop-jump landings and single-leg triple-hop tests as part of a broader injury screening.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Maturational status was ascertained from self-report questionnaires and grouped according to Tanner stages 1 and 2 (MatGrp1), 3 and 4 (MatGrp2), and 5 (MatGrp3). Frontal-plane knee valgus displacement, which served as a measure of dynamic valgus alignment, and single-leg triple-hop distance were assessed.

Results:

Males demonstrated less dynamic valgus alignment during drop jumps in the latter maturational stages (MatGrp1  =  13.1° ± 8.7°, MatGrp2  =  9.0° ± 6.2°, MatGrp3  =  9.2° ± 9.4°), whereas females increased dynamic valgus alignment throughout maturation (MatGrp1  =  11.5° ± 6.9°, MatGrp2  =  12.8° ± 8.8°, MatGrp3  =  15.5° ± 8.7°). Thus, in the more mature groups, males had less dynamic valgus alignment than females. Both males (MatGrp1  =  393.5 ± 63.7 cm, MatGrp2  =  491.8 ± 95.1 cm, MatGrp3  =  559.3 ± 76.3 cm) and females (MatGrp1  =  360.3 ± 37.1 cm, MatGrp2  =  380.1 ± 44.3 cm, MatGrp3  =  440.0 ± 66.2 cm) increased triple-hop distance, but males increased more. Within each subgroup of MatGrp and sex, triple-hop distance had no predictive ability for dynamic malalignment.

Conclusions:

When dynamic valgus alignment and strength were assessed, sex and maturational status displayed an interaction. However, functional strength did not predict degree of dynamic valgus alignment.     

克氏针和绷带固定对微创术后拇外翻的生物力学影响

目的研究第1跖骨远端截骨后克氏针和绷带固定对拇外翻的作用效果。方法通过拇外翻的医学影像数据建立完整的三维足部有限元模型,此模型包括足骨、籽骨、软骨、韧带、软组织、跟腱等;分别建立克氏针和绷带固定的模型,分析拇外翻平衡站立时的足部受载特点。结果绷带固定下截骨之间的压应力(14.9 MPa)大于克氏针峰值应力(6.71 MPa)。从背侧、跖侧、内侧、外侧来看,克氏针固定对截骨面的稳定作用都优于绷带固定,更有利于截骨面的稳定。结论绷带固定可减少截骨端的愈合时间,有利于临床上拇外翻术后固定方式的优化选择。     

不同软组织移植治疗儿童复发性髌骨脱位的比较

背景：成人复发性髌骨脱位由于不必考虑损伤骨骺的问题,多数采用骨移植,但在儿童复发性髌骨脱位采用骨移植并不适宜,多数学者采用软组织移植治疗。 目的：回顾性评估22例骨骺未闭儿童复发性髌骨脱位患者采用软组织移植治疗的临床效果。 方法：回顾性分析2006年5月至2009年4月上海长征医院关节外科采用软组织移植治疗儿童复发性髌骨脱位患者22例共29膝,分别在移植后3周,6周,3个月,1年和此后每年对患者进行随访,评估髌骨稳定性、主观症状以及患膝康复情况。 结果与结论：22例患者中1例复发,1例发生髌骨内侧脱位,其余患者均取得较好疗效。软组织移植前后膝关节功能主观评分分别为46.99±5.91与94.40±9.70 (P < 0.01),Lysholm膝关节功能综合评分在移植前后分别为44.37±4.49与90.10±11.00 (P < 0.01),移植后髌骨-滑车适配角由移植前(16.27±6.74)°改善为移植后(5.33±8.78)°(P < 0.01),髌股外侧角由移植前(-1.92±7.64)°改善为移植后(11.95±3.99)°(P < 0.01)。软组织移植治疗骨骺未闭儿童复发性髌骨脱位,简单易行、可操作性强、疗效确切,有利于缓解症状,改善膝关节功能。     

直线前进变换为侧向跨步切入动作时的下肢生物力学变化

背景:侧向跨步切入动作是运动领域最常见的进攻技术,这显著增加了运动员膝关节受伤的风险,但目前相关侧向跨步动作的生物力学表现策略及下肢关节负荷特征并不十分清楚。目的:选择大学女子甲组篮球、足球运动员进行侧向跨步切入下肢动作策略,进行生物力学测试,并分析下肢关节的运动学及动力学参数,从而为运动员及教练员预防下肢伤害,尤其是膝关节十字韧带损伤提供重要参考。方法:选择某高校女子甲组足球及篮球各12名运动员作为研究对象,利用三维测力台及运动图像拍摄系统同步获取其侧向跨步切入动作的相关运动学及动力学参数,并运用SPSS 21.0分析软件对相关数据进行处理分析。该试验方案经天津体育学院伦理委员会批准。结果与结论:①足球运动员有较大的着地瞬间踝关节跖屈角度及髋关节外展角度、最大踝关节外翻角度、膝关节屈曲及内旋角度、膝关节屈曲及内旋角度变化量;②足球运动员有较大的踝关节外旋与髋关节内收力矩峰值,篮球运动员则有较大的踝关节跖屈力矩峰值;③篮球运动员有较小的前后分力制动第一及第二峰值、垂直分力第一峰值及较大的前后分力推蹬力峰值;④结果表明,跨步切入动作过程中,足球运动员习惯于前足着地方式进行急停,进而产生较高的地面反作用力,并增加膝关节屈曲角度进行缓冲,同时有较大的踝关节外翻角度及膝关节内旋角度,而篮球运动员在切入过程中膝关节屈曲角度较少,不利于下肢关节对地面反作用力的缓冲,并进而增加前十字韧带损伤风险。