阻塞性黄疸:PTC下胆管钳夹活检的技术方法学研究

目的探索切实可行的胆管病理学检查新途径.资料与方法连续92例阻塞性黄疸患者接受经皮肝穿刺胆管造影(PTC)和经皮肝穿胆管引流(PTCD)治疗.PTCD过程中,影像监测下经皮经肝胆管穿刺,向胆管内引入活检钳对梗阻段钳夹活检,行组织病理学检查.统计学分析用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率计算法,以α=0.05作为检验水准.结果 92例钳夹活检患者90例成功获得组织块,技术成功率97.83%(90/92).钳夹活检敏感性为88.04%,63例胆管癌性恶性肿瘤钳夹活检敏感性较25例非胆管癌性恶性肿瘤高(93.65%比72.00%,P＜0.05).结论PTC下胆管钳夹活检操作简单,创伤小,敏感性高,是一种值得推广的胆管病理学诊断新途径.     

经蝶垂体腺瘤手术后残留原因分析

目的：探讨经蝶切除垂体腺瘤手术后残留的原因，提高治疗效果；方法：回顾性分析自1992年10月至2003年1月，在我院及外院经蝶手术治疗后，MRI检查证实仍有残留的118例垂体腺瘤。结果：肿瘤主体残留在海绵窦占46．6％，鞍内37．3％，鞍上5．1％，混合9．3％，颅外1．7％；影响肿瘤根除的主要因素，肿瘤侵袭海绵窦46．6％，术者经验不足36．4％，肿瘤侵润生长9．3％，肿瘤体积巨大3．4％，出血多4．2％。针对残余瘤组织再手术者为10．1％，普通放射治疗39．0％，r刀治疗38．2％，药物治疗11．0％。结论：经蝶手术残瘤的主要原因是肿瘤侵袭海绵窦，这些病例不能或很难单纯手术根除；其次是术者经验不足和技术问题而造成。在有残瘤的病例中，有半数以上病例可以通过提高技术水平达到肿瘤的全切或次全切除。     

P糖蛋白和Ki-67抗原表达对肺癌T/NT的影响

目的:研究肺癌放射导向手术中肿瘤及正常组织P糖蛋白(P-gp)、Ki-67抗原表达与放射性核素摄取比(T/NT)的关系.方法:采用免疫组化方法和显微图像分析技术,测定32例接受放射导向手术的肺癌病人P-gp和Ki-67抗原表达,分析P-gp和Ki-67的标记指数(LI)与T/NT之间的相关性.结果:P-gp和Ki-67的LI和肺癌病人T/NT之间均有相关性(r=-0.61,P=0.0002; r=0.75,P=0.0001).结论:Ki-67的LI越高(肿瘤增殖越旺盛),T/NT值越高;P-gp阳性的肿瘤,T/NT值较低.     

重组人生长激素在体外对人直肠癌细胞株HR8348增殖的影响

目的　探讨重组人生长激素 (rhGH )在体外对人直肠癌细胞增殖的影响。方法　实验分为对照组、rhGH组、奥沙利铂 (L OHP)组和rhGH +L OHP组 4组 ,利用体外细胞培养、MTT比色技术及流式细胞仪等方法 ,测定不同浓度的rhGH对人直肠癌细胞株HR83 48细胞倍增时间、细胞抑制率、细胞周期、增殖指数 (PI)和DNA抑制率的影响。结果　rhGH在体外不促进HR83 48细胞的分裂增殖 ,rhGH组与对照组比较 ,以及rhGH +L OHP组与L OHP组比较 ,其差异均无统计学意义 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;rhGH +L OHP组与对照组比较及rhGH +L OHP组与对应的rhGH组配对比较 ,细胞倍增时间明显延长 ,细胞抑制率增加 ,阻滞于G0 ～G1期的细胞数增加 ,S期和G2 ～M期细胞明显减少 ,PI明显降低 ,DNA抑制率显著升高 (P<0 .0 1,S期P<0 .0 5 )。结论　rhGH在体外不促进直肠癌细胞的分裂增殖。     

胃癌组织中核基质蛋白的变化

目的：研究胃癌组织核基质蛋白的改变。方法：应用SDS－PAGE技术及Geneools定量分析软件，对22例胃癌组织及正常组织的核心基质蛋白进行了研究，结果：胃癌组织与正常组织比较，Mr为30000，28000的核基质蛋白表达量明显减少（P＜0．05），不同分化类型及不同临床分期胃癌组织间比较，此种核基质蛋白表达量差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05），结论：胃癌组织中核基质蛋白的改变可能在肿瘤的早期已经发生，是胃癌发生的早期分子事件。     

改良去带盲结肠可控膀胱术

目的：评价改良去带盲结肠可控膀胱术的临床价值。方法：对8例膀胱癌患者施行全膀胱切除和改良去带盲结肠可控膀胱术。结果：随访3－41个月，均获得良好的疗效。贮尿囊容量为260－700ml，贮尿囊内最大压力为0.981-2.940kPa，每3－6h导尿1次，血清电解质和肾功能正常。结论：本术式可以获得大容量、低内压的贮尿囊，具有可控效果好、操作简单和并发症少等优点。     

Intramedullary pilocytic astrocytomas — a clinical and morphological study after combined surgical and photon or neutron therapy

Ten patients suffering from intramedullary pilocytic astrocytomas (WHO-classification: astrocytoma grade I) were investigated catamnesticly. Combined surgery and radiotherapy was performed. Seven patients received neutron irradiation postoperatively. In four cases the neurological symptoms were improved after follow-up periods ranging from 33 to 89 months. The three other patients died after 6 to 21 months. The autopsy findings of a 14 year old child are presented. Our results are compared with reports in the literature. In addition, long-term problems of the spinal column are discussed. It seems that the combined surgical and neutron therapy improves the prognosis of pencil gliomas.     

直肠癌肠系膜静脉血CK20 mRNA的检测及其临床意义

目的　检测直肠癌肠系膜静脉血细胞角蛋白 2 0 (CK2 0 )mRNA ,并探讨其临床意义。方法　以RT -PCR方法检测 4 2例直肠癌术中肠系膜静脉血CK2 0mRNA。结果　 4 2例中 2 2例CK2 0mRNA阳性 ,阳性率 5 2 .4 %。随着病理分期的进展 ,肠系膜静脉血CK2 0mRNA阳性率升高 :DukesC +D期CK2 0mRNA阳性率高于DukesA +B期(P <0 .0 1)。随访发现 ,肠系膜静脉血阳性者远处转移率增高 (18.2 % )。结论　肠系膜静脉血CK2 0mRNA的检测可提高直肠癌临床分期的准确性 ;CK2 0mRNA阳性者 ,远处转移的可能性大。     

高效液相色谱法测定肺癌患者尿中假尿嘧啶核苷和肌苷量比值

目的：通过检测肺癌患者尿液中假尿嘧啶核苷和肌苷量比值，探讨其在肺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法：肺癌患者、肺良性疾病及对照组各50例，分别收集其晨起空腹尿液，离心过滤后利用高效液相色谱法同时检测假嘧啶苷及肌苷，计算假尿嘧嘧与肌苷量比值。结果：肺癌患者中尿液中n（假尿嘧啶核苷/n（肌苷）比值有明显升高，与正常人比较差异有统计学意义，但肺良性疾病组与正常组和肺癌组比较，差异无统计学意义。结论：假尿嘧啶核苷对肺癌诊断并非特异性肿瘤标志物，但可以作为肺癌早期诊断的一种辅助指标。     

Enhancement of hepatic hemangiomas with levovist on coded harmonic angiographic ultrasonography.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pattern of contrast enhancement with Levovist on coded harmonic angiographic ultrasonography of hepatic hemangiomas. METHODS: Twenty hemangiomas were evaluated with coded harmonic angiographic ultrasonography and a microbubble contrast agent. Verification of the diagnosis of a hemangioma was made by means of dynamic computed tomography (n = 8), dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (n = 1), radionuclide scanning (n = 6), or follow-up ultrasonography (n = 5). Ultrasonographic images were obtained before contrast agent administration and with a bolus injection of 2.5 g of a microbubble contrast agent (300 mg/mL Levovist; Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) every 10 to 15 seconds for 5 minutes. The contrast enhancement patterns of the 20 hemangiomas were assessed. RESULTS: The tumor diameters as measured on ultrasonography were 7 to 97 mm (mean, 26.7 mm). Of the 20 hemangiomas, peripheral globular enhancement with progressive centripetal fill-in was shown in 15 (75%), rimlike enhancement with progressive centripetal fill-in was shown in 2 (10%), and homogeneous enhancement was shown in 1 (5%). In the remaining 2 lesions (10%), the enhancement patterns could not be seen, because they were not found on coded harmonic angiographic ultrasonography. CONCLUSIONS: Coded harmonic angiographic ultrasonography with a microbubble contrast agent can depict the typical enhancement pattern in most hepatic hemangiomas.