依维莫司联合全反式维甲酸逆转急性早幼粒细胞白血病细胞耐药的研究

目的探讨依维莫司联合全反式维甲酸(简称维甲酸)逆转急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)细胞株NB4-R1耐药的作用。方法应用CD11b染色流式细胞术及硝基四唑氮蓝(NBT)还原实验检测两药联合应用对细胞分化的影响, 流式细胞术检测细胞周期情况, Annexin V/PI双染色检测细胞凋亡情况, 蛋白质印迹法检测自噬相关蛋白微管结合蛋白轻链3(LC3)、Beclin 1及早幼粒白血病-维甲酸受体融合蛋白(PML-RARα)、磷酸化核糖体S6激酶(P-P70S6K)、磷酸化4E结合蛋白1(P-4E-BP1) 等表达水平。结果与维甲酸组比较, 联用组能诱导耐药细胞株NB4-R1细胞的分化, 并将细胞增殖阻止在G ₁期而对细胞凋亡无明显影响。100 nmol/L依维莫司组、1μmol/L维甲酸组、联用组、对照组NB4-R1细胞培养48 h后分化百分率分别为(2.29±0.57)%、(17.06±2.65)%、(54.47±4.91)%、(2.54±0.53)%; 处于G ₁期的细胞百分率分别为(35.20±11.97)%、(33.54±6.25)%、(53.70±8.73)%、(27.40±6.01)%; 四组细胞凋亡细胞百分率分别为(2.30±0.14)%、(2.25±0.21)%、(2.40±0.28)%、(1.95±0.07)%。与维甲酸组比较, 联用组mTOR信号通路下游的P70S6K、4E-BP1分子磷酸化水平下降, LC3-II和Beclin 1的表达上调, 且能部分降解融合蛋白PML-RARα。 结论依维莫司联合维甲酸能诱导NB4-R1细胞分化, 且能阻滞细胞周期而不致细胞凋亡, 其机制可能与依维莫司联合维甲酸抑制mTOR信号通路激活自噬作用从而降解PML-RARα蛋白有关。     

食管癌根治性放疗剂量研究进展

同步放化疗是不可手术局部晚期食管癌的标准治疗模式,国际推荐根治性放疗剂量为50.0~50.4Gy,但中国食管癌与西方国家在病理类型、生物学行为等方面大有不同,行根治性放疗剂量仍倾向于60Gy。增加放疗剂量能否带来生存获益成为临床亟待解决的问题。有研究认为高剂量放疗可提高局控率、改善生存,但也有研究认为提高剂量未能带来生存获益,且可增加不良反应事件发生率。因此,本文就食管癌根治性放疗剂量对预后的影响进行探讨,并通过放化疗后疗效评估对放疗剂量做出适当调整,以期达个体化放疗。     

Ureteral carcinoid tumor

Most ureteral tumors are transitional cell neoplasms. Neuroendocrine tumors of the genitourinary tract are extremely rare. To our knowledge, only one ureteral carcinoid tumor has been reported before. We report a second case of ureteral carcinoid tumor found in a 70-year-old female.     

Implantation of parathyroid carcinoma along fine needle aspiration track

Introduction Fine needle aspiration cytology is not a commonly employed diagnostic modality in the diagnosis of parathyroid tumors.Case report A 28 year old lady being followed-up for 5 years after en bloc resection of a parathyroid carcinoma presented with a nodule in the lower neck, away from the parathyroidectomy scar. The 1 cm isolated nodule was located in the muscular and subcutaneous plane and corresponded to the needle track of FNA performed on a neck nodule before the parathyroidectomy. On evaluation, she had mild hypercalcemia and high normal serum parathyroid hormone levels. FNAC and histology including immunohistochemistry for Chromogranin A after local excision of the nodule confirmed the nodule to be a recurrent parathyroid carcinoma along the needle track.Discussion To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is only the second case of needle track implantation after FNA in parathyroid carcinoma reported to date. This case highlights the risk of engraftment of parathyroid tissue after FNA and cautions against the use of FNA as a preoperative diagnostic modality for the evaluation of parathyroid lesions.Drs. Agarwal and Dhingra have contributed equally, as joint first authors.     

中原地区遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌表型特征的临床研究

目的探讨中原地区遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌(HNPCC)的表型特征,为制订适合我国国情的HNPCC遴选标准提供依据。方法对符合Am sterdam标准的8个家系37例患者的临床资料(A组),与随机抽调我院40例确切无家族史的大肠癌患者的临床资料(B组)进行对比分析。结果①发病年龄:A组平均46岁,B组62.6岁,平均提前16.6年;<50岁者:A组73%(27/37),B组30%(12/40),两组比较P<0.01;第1、2、3代平均发病年龄分别为69.2、46.9、34.6岁,逐代比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。②发病部位:右半结肠A组73.2%(30/41),B组39.0%(16/41),两组比较P<0.05。③同时、异时多发大肠癌:A组8.1%(3/37),B组2.5%(1/40)。④大肠外癌:A组17.1%(7/41),B组0,两组比较P<0.05。⑤合并腺瘤:A组0,B组22.5%(9/40),两组比较P<0.05。⑥组织学类型:低分化腺癌A组69.7%(23/33),B组40%(16/40),两组比较P<0.05。结论中原地区HNPCC有其独特的临床特征,国际遴选标准不能完全适用于中国人,制定适合我国国情的HNPCC遴选标准确有必要。     

Primary malignant melanoma of the bladder

Primary malignant melanomma of bladder is extremely rare: 18 cases are reported to date. An 82 year-old man underwent trans-urethral resection of bladder for a bleeding tumor of the posterior wall. Histological diagnosis was melanoma of the bladder. There was no history of previous or regressed cutaneous malignant melanoma. Margins of the bladder lesion contained atypical melanocytes similar to those commonly seen in the periphery of primary mucous membrane lesions. Clinical studies and radiological examinations were negative for other primary site of melanoma. The patient had a bladder recurrence that was consistent with primary tumor and died of widespread disease 9 months after diagnosis.     

胃癌穿孔24例治疗分析

目的 :探讨胃癌穿孔的临床特点 ,指导临床诊治和提高疗效。方法 :对本院 2 4例胃癌穿孔病人采用不同手术方式治疗。其中 8例行单纯修补术 ,2例在穿孔修补术后 3周早期施行二期根治性手术 ,3例行穿孔修补加胃空肠吻合术 ,7例行姑息性胃大部切除术 ,4例行胃癌根治术。结果 :本组死亡 4例 ,其余病例中位生存期分别为 7,13 .2 ,2 5 .1个月。结论 :采取积极的治疗措施 ,可望延长患者的生存时间和提高生存质量     

乳腺癌HSV—1,HSV—2与c—erbB—2关系的免疫组化研究

采用免疫组织化学Ｓ－Ｐ法检测５２例手术切除乳腺癌组织ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白和ＨＳＶ－１、ＨＳＶ－２表达情况。结果发现癌组织中ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性３４例（６５．４％）；ＨＳＶ－１阳性３８例（７３．１％）；ＨＳＶ－２阳性１５例（２８．８％）。癌旁组织３２例，阳性分别为３例（９．４％）；１２例（３７．５％）；２例（６．３％）。乳腺癌中ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性率明显高于癌旁组织。乳腺癌及癌旁的ＨＳＶ－１阳性率明