Slipped upper femoral epiphysis with hemophilia A

A 13-year-old boy who had hemophilia A was reported with pain in the left thigh and hip on walking. He had no history of trauma. Severe hemophilia A is diagnosed with a Factor VIII level of <1 iu/dl. The presumptive diagnosis was that of a spontaneous bleed into the hip joint. Factor VIII mutational analysis revealed a C to G substitution at nucleotide 6683 which results in a cystine change at codon 2194. However, the symptoms persisted and an X-ray demonstrated the presence of an acute on chronic slip of the upper femoral epiphysis. The patient was transferred to the center treating his hemophilia where the hip was pinned in situ under cover with Factor VIII. This case demonstrates the need to be aware of a possible traumatic diagnosis of hip pain in a hemophiliac child with a longstanding history of spontaneous bleeding into joints.     

射频消融术后尿潴留患者的护理

分析86例射频消融术后患者出现尿潴留的不同原因，包括不习惯床上排尿、精神因素、疼痛等。护理对策包括：减少卧床时间，心理护理，变换体位，物理诱导，术后多饮水等，结果81例患者排尿成功，只有5例(5．8％)男性前列腺肥大患者需要导尿。     

胆道癌ERCP诊断(附49例分析)

本文报道用ERCP诊断胆管癌24例、胆囊癌6例、壶腹癌19例、共49例,都经手术或病理证实,诊断符合率为85.7％。 文章描述了胆道癌ERCP的X线表现。依造影所见把胆管癌分为阻塞型、狭窄型和息肉型。狭窄型又分闭塞型、环型及弥漫型三个亚型。胆管癌以阻塞型和闭塞型狭窄多见。胆囊癌表现为胆囊内基底宽广固定不变的充盈缺损。壶腹癌为壶腹部边缘不整的占位病变,可阻塞胆管或胰管或同时阻塞胰胆管。肝内胆管的软藤状改变是胆道恶性肿瘤的特征性表现。     

加替沙星序贯治疗下呼吸道细菌感染的药物经济学评价

目的对加替沙星序贯治疗下呼吸道细菌感染进行药物经济学评价。方法将69例下呼吸道细菌性感染患者，随机分为A组（34例）、B组（35例），其中A组采用加替沙星注射液400mg静脉滴注，每天1次，连用10天；B组先用加替沙星注射液400mg静脉滴注，每天1次，3—4天后改为口服400mg，每天1次，连用6—7天，然后对两种方案进行成本-效果分析。结果两组在临床疗效、不良反应发生率及细菌清除率方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；但A组的医疗费用却高于B组（P〈0．01）。结论加替沙星序贯疗法与单纯静脉滴注相比更安全，更经济合理。     

去带盲升结肠可控膀胱术后远期并发症(附105例报告)

目的 探讨去带盲升结肠可控膀胱术后远期并发症的发生及防治.方法 回顾性分析1995年10月至2003年1月105例去带盲升结肠可控膀胱术后患者资料.男83例,女22例.年龄32～78岁,平均60岁.随访时间9～82个月,平均40.5个月.结果 发生远期并发症27例（25.7%）,其中导尿插管困难4例（3.8%）,3例行尿道扩张后治愈,1例再次手术利用末段回肠重建输出道;贮尿囊结石5例（4.8%）,4例行贮尿囊切开取石治愈,1例无自觉症状者未行处理;贮尿囊穿孔1例（0.9%）,行手术修补后痊愈;贮尿囊过度扩张1例（0.9%）,行贮尿囊缩小术;肾积水8例（7.6%）,合并输尿管返流1例,合并下段输尿管狭窄4例,其中2例行狭窄段输尿管切除再吻合,1例术前为氮质血症者发展为尿毒症需行规律血透;血氯增高7例（6.7%）,1例出现高氯性酸中毒需长期口服碳酸氢钠;单纯表现为症状性泌尿系感染1例（0.9%）.27例中另合并症状性泌尿系感染10例,根据尿培养结果予敏感抗生素治愈.结论 去带盲升结肠可控膀胱术后远期并发症多与症状性泌尿系感染相关,积极防治泌尿系感染,规律、充分的贮尿囊冲洗及定时清洁导尿对远期并发症的预防有重要作用.     

美宝胃肠胶囊对胃肠道黏膜保护作用的疗效观察

目的：验证美宝胃肠胶囊(GIC)治疗常见的上消化道疾病的治疗效果。方法：选择门诊具有上消化道症状,临床病例共60例,经内镜确诊的十二指肠球炎、十二指肠球霜样溃疡等15例,溃疡病15例,作为治疗组,分别单独服用美宝胃肠胶囊及服用美宝胃肠胶囊加用质子泵抑制剂(包括其他抑酸剂)；对照组则为单独服用胃肠黏膜保护剂麦滋林-S 15例,及服用麦滋林-S加用质子泵抑制剂(包括其他抑酸剂)15例；疗程完成后治疗组及对照组均复查胃镜,记录镜下溃疡愈合或炎症改变情况。结果：治疗1组(美宝胃肠胶囊组)的治愈率为80．0%,治疗2组(美宝胃肠胶囊组十质子泵抑制剂)的治愈率为73．3%,对照1组和对照2组均为66．7%,且副作用小。结论：美宝胃肠胶囊是既能治疗上消化道疾病,又少有毒副作用,价格合理的药物,值得进一步观察、研究、推广。     

Long-term results of surgically treated traumatic rectourethral fistulas

OBJECTIVE: Rectourethral fistulas are uncommon, usually iatrogenic injuries that are demanding to treat. We present the challenging problems involving the treatment of rectourethral fistulas caused by war wounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the period 1991-1996, during the war in Croatia and Bosnia, six patients with rectourethral fistulas caused by war injuries were operated in our institution by the same surgeon. All patients were young males with a mean age of 24.6 years. In all patients, double diversion (diversion colostomy and cystostomy) was performed at the time of the injury in military hospitals. In three patients, multiple unsuccessful operations were performed in other institutions to close rectourethral fistula. We found urethrocystography and proctoscopy as the most reliable diagnostic studies and performed them in all patients. In first three patients, we performed transanal repair with anterior rectal wall advancement flap. Because it failed in all three patients, we performed York-Mason trans-sphincteric approach and anterior rectal wall advancement flap after which rectourethral fistula closed in all patients. Because of the satisfactory results, we performed the same procedure in other three patients. RESULTS: In all patients rectourethral fistula healed 2 months after the operation. Closure of diverting colostomy was performed after urethrocystography and proctoscopy proved that the rectourethral fistula has healed. There were no operative deaths and no major complications. Urethral stenosis developed in one patient and was successfully managed by dilatation. CONCLUSION: We believe that York-Mason trans-sphincteric approach offers straightforward access through healthy tissues and good fistula visualization. Anterior rectal wall advancement flap can easily be performed and offer good chances for definitive closure of the rectourethral fistula.     

上唇短缩畸形的手术治疗

目的 针对微笑时鼻唇部出现上唇上提并短缩,鼻小柱下方褶沟,上唇牙龈外露等现象,探讨一种治疗上唇短缩畸形的手术方法.方法 采用经口或鼻前庭切口,将鼻小柱根部鼻中隔降肌肌纤维切断及部分切除,并广泛剥离使上唇下降.结果 共为27例上唇短缩畸形患者进行手术治疗.其中9例采用了双侧鼻小柱外侧与前庭基底贯穿切口,18例采用了上唇唇龈沟切口.通过手术,患者获得微笑时上唇中部适度降低,鼻小柱下方褶沟变浅或消失,上唇牙龈外露消失的效果.6例患者还在手术矫正上唇动态短缩畸形的同时,实施了鼻整形术.通过手术可矫正鼻唇牙龈部的综合动态缺陷,获得满意的美学效果.结论 手术方法治疗上唇短缩畸形,可改善患者微笑时的表情,是值得推广的治疗方法.     

机械通气患者的呼吸道护理

目的：探讨机械通气患者呼吸道的护理以及并发症的预防；方法：查阅有关机械通气护理的文献；结果：呼吸衰竭患者在使用机械通气治疗的过程中护理不当可引起呼吸机相关肺炎、气管阻塞、气管损伤、低氧血症等；结论：加强机械通气患者的呼吸道护理可避免呼吸道并发症的发生。     

儿童呼吸道苛养菌分离培养及药敏分析

目的：分析儿童呼吸道苛养菌的感染率及常用抗生素的耐药状况。方法：采用儿童呼吸道2050份咽拭子及痰标本进行苛养菌分离培养与鉴定，并对其中617株苛养菌做了药敏试验，结果：显示275株肺炎链球菌，耐药率较高的有红霉素81.1%，苯唑西林76.9%，复方磺胺甲恶唑76.9%，四环素65.4%；104株流感嗜血杆菌、184株副流感嗜血杆菌、54株卡他莫拉菌对氨苄西林耐药率分别为17.6%,28.9%,64.9%，对亚胺培南/西司他丁耐药率分别为16.4%，16.5%，0，同时复方磺胺甲恶唑的耐药率也分别高达56.7%，56.7%，64.9%。结论：提示苛养菌在儿童呼吸道感染中占有重要的地位，及时掌握这类细菌的耐药动态，对合理使用抗生素，延缓耐药株的产生有极其重要的临床意义。