沐舒坦糖浆临床疗效随机对照研究

为观察口服沐舒坦糖浆对咳嗽痰多患儿的临床疗效。将120例1-12岁患儿随机分为沐舒坦糖浆组60例。急支糖浆组60例，疗程7天，结果显示沐舒坦糖浆服用第3天可使痰量减少，咳痰程度减轻，痰液性状转稀和咳嗽症状减轻，至第7天可使抗生素使用频率降低。临床症状综合改善率74.7%。总有效率71.6%。表明沐舒坦糖浆化痰祛痰止咳疗效可靠，具有良好的安全性和依从性。     

乳腺癌根治术加放射治疗后上肢并发症的临床分析

目的了解乳腺癌根治手术加放射治疗患者上肢并发症的发病情况及其影响因素。方法对于接受根治或改良根治术后加放射治疗且放射治疗后已超过1年(中位数2.8年)的74例乳腺癌患者,从症状和体征两个方面进行了观测,并应用多因素回归分析相关的发病因素。结果患者上肢水肿的发生率在症状和体征检查中均约为50%,肩关节功能下降分别为49%和58%,患者年龄和全腋窝照射是发生上肢水肿与肩关节运动障碍的独立影响因素。结论上肢水肿和肩关节运动障碍是乳腺癌根治性手术加放射治疗后较常见的并发症,腋窝处理中减少正常组织的损伤以预防或降低其发生率,应该予以高度重视。     

晚期消化系肿瘤三维适形放疗近期疗效观察

目的 观察三维适形放射治疗对晚期消化系肿瘤的近期疗效。方法50例晚期消化系肿瘤行三维适形放射治疗，47例全程适形照射DT35-58Gy／5～11次；3例先常规外照射30．40Gy后行三维适形照射，IYl25～37Gy／5—7次。结果50例晚期消化系肿瘤总有效率为86％(43／50)。结论 中晚期消化系肿瘤三维适形放疗有助于提高临床疗效，改善患者生存质量。     

288例老年呼吸道感染患者病原菌分布特性及药敏分析

目的: 了解老年呼吸道感染患者病原菌的分布特点及药敏特性.方法: 对288例老年呼吸道感染患者痰样本(NCCLS法)进行细菌培养,K-B纸片法进行药敏测定.结果: 患者痰中共检出病原菌400株,细菌280株,其中G-杆菌147株,占36.75%, G 球菌133株,占33.25%.肺炎克雷伯菌及铜绿假单胞菌最敏感药的是头孢他啶,敏感率均为40%以上,肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌最敏感药的是万古霉素;检出真菌120株,占30%,以白色念珠菌为主.结论: 进行病原菌跟踪监测及时的药敏试验,对及时控制老年呼吸道感染,是不可缺少的重要环节.     

INVITED REVIEW GASTROINTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS IN PEDIATRIC AIDS

The pathologic changes in the gastrointestinal tract of children with AIDS are variable, clinically significant, and reflect multisystemic disease processes. Inflammation, changes in the lymphoid tissue, miscellaneous lesions, and tumors are documented in 58 patients in addition to cases reported in the literature. Cytomegalovirus infection of the gastrointestinal tract, associated with ulcerations, hemorrhage, perforation, and intestinal obstruction, carries a high morbidity and mortality, whereas the remaining infections are not life threatening. Special stains and electron micrographic examination are important to identify correctlycertain microorganisms such asmycobacterium avium intracellulare, cryptosporidia, and microsporidia. Lymphoproliferative changes of the gastrointestinal tract, a component of the generalized lymphoproliferative process, need to be characterized by tumor markers and cytogenetic studies. Within the miscellaneous lesions, AIDS associated arteriopathy can be complicated by intestinal ulceration and perforation. Both lymphomas and smooth muscle tumor in children with AIDS are related to Epstein-Barr virus infection. The smooth muscle tumors are frequently malignant and multiple.     

Metabolites of nitric oxide in the lower respiratory tract of children

Nitric oxide (NO) is produced in the upper and lower respiratory tract and can be detected in exhaled air of both healthy individuals and subjects with pulmonary diseases. Recent studies have shown that exhaled NO is mainly derived from the upper airways. There is, however, evidence that in aqueous solutions NO is rapidly converted to distinct oxides of nitrogen. We therefore studied the stable NO metabolites nitrate and nitrite in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum as indicators of NO formation in the lower respiratory tract. The study population consisted of 31 healthy children undergoing elective surgery for nonpulmonary illnesses and 13 immunosuppressed children with pneumonia. Nitrate and nitrite were determined photometrically. Nitrate was found in BAL fluid of all children. In children with pneumonia, nitrate concentrations in BAL fluid were significantly higher than in healthy children. A significant correlation was observed between nitrate in BAL fluid and serum of immunosuppressed children with pneumonia. Nitrite was not detected in any of the BAL fluid or serum samples. Conclusions Our results suggest that in the lower airways significant amounts of NO are metabolised to nitrate. Studies on NO in pulmonary diseases should therefore include determination of nitrate in lower airway fluids. Received: 21 August 1996 / Accepted: 12 December 1996     

The value of intraoperative cystoscopy in urogynecologic and reconstructive pelvic surgery

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to evaluate the role of intraoperative cystoscopy during surgery for pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. STUDY DESIGN: Charts of 224 consecutive patients who had intraoperative cystoscopy performed after urogynecologic surgery were reviewed. RESULTS: Nine injuries occurred that were unsuspected before cystoscopy, for an incidence of 4%. Six ureteral ligations occurred, four after Burch cystourethropexy and two after vaginal culdoplasty. Intravesical sutures were noted after two Burch procedures, and another injury occurred with passage of fascia lata through the bladder during a pubovaginal sling procedure. Eight injuries were managed by removal and replacement of the suture or sling with only one requiring ureteroneocystotomy. When patients with injuries were compared with those without, there were no statistical differences in demographic or surgical parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The potential for damage to the lower urinary tract is significant with complex urogynecologic surgery. Because of the increased and delayed morbidity associated with unrecognized injury, intraoperative surveillance cystoscopy should be considered a part of all such procedures.(Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:71)     

急性上消化道出血112例临床疗效分析

采用国家中医药管理局颁布的《中医血证治疗常规》治疗急性上消化道出血112例，取得了较好疗效，总有效率达94．6％。进行了证和疗效，原发病和疗效，病情程度和疗关系的分析。说明中医血证治疗效常规在临床实践中是切实可行的。     

柴莪退热栓治疗急性病毒性上呼吸道感染临床研究

目的观察柴莪退热栓治疗急性病毒性上呼吸道感染中医辨证属卫分证、卫气同病证的临床疗效,并探讨外感高热卫分证、卫气同病证证候与疗效间的关系.方法将患者 80例随机分为治疗组与对照组,分别予柴莪退热栓和消炎痛栓塞肛,并进行安全性评价.结果两组总体疗效相当,且未发现明显毒副作用.结论 柴莪退热栓治疗急性病毒性上呼吸道感染疗效满意.