合贝爽治疗老年不稳定型心绞痛的临床研究

目的探讨合贝爽治疗老年不稳定型心绞痛的临床疗效。方法以80例老年不稳定型心绞痛为研究对象,随机双盲分为合贝爽(H)治疗组和异舒吉(I)治疗组。H组合贝爽从100μg/min起始,最大用量300μg/min,持续静滴48h。I组异舒吉2～10mg/h持续静滴6～8h/d。其他基础用药两组相同。观察两组难治性心绞痛、急性心肌梗死、心血管死亡、急诊冠脉介入的发生率。结果H组和I组比较,入院时在年龄、高血压、血脂和血糖等冠心病危险因素差异无统计学意义,难治性心绞痛发生率H组为2例(5.0%),I组为8例(20.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。心率和心肌耗氧指数(收缩压×心率)H组比I组明显降低。急性心肌梗死、心血管死亡和急诊冠脉介入发生率两组差异无统计学意义。结论合贝爽治疗老年不稳定型心绞痛疗效显著优于异舒吉。     

Patients with unstable angina pectoris show an increased frequency of the Fc gamma RIIa R131 allele

Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) carry an increased risk for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). The R131 allele of the Fc gamma receptor IIa (FcγRIIa) is associated with SLE incidence and disease severity but also with CAD. Compared to stable angina pectoris (SAP) the unstable angina (UAP), as a manifestation of destabilizing CAD, is associated with increased risk of persistent instability, myocardial infarction, and death. Identification of clinically relevant determinants for unstable angina promises reduction of UAP-associated mortality in patients with SLE. We conducted a clinical study among 553 consecutive patients with stable angina pectoris (n = 330) and unstable angina pectoris (n = 223). All patients were genotyped for a frequent functional variant at position 131 of the mature FcγRIIa. UAP, but not SAP was significantly associated with the R/R131 genotype (P < 0.001). In troponin-negative patients with angina carrying the R/R131 genotype the odds ratio for suffering from UAP was 4.02 (95% confidence interval, 2.52–6.41) compared to those with non-R/R131 genotypes. In a multivariable analysis, the R/R131 genotype independently predicted the risk for development of UAP in a model adjusted for classical atherogenic risk factors. Our data imply that risk stratification of SLE- and other high risk patients with troponin-negative angina could be significantly improved by FcγRIIa genotyping.     

Triple labrum tears repaired with the JuggerKnot? soft anchor: Technique and results

Purpose:The 2-year outcomes of patients undergoing repair of triple labrum tears using an all-suture anchor device were assessed.Results:Overall total CS and FLEX-SF scores increased from 52.9 ± 20.4 to 84.3 ± 10.7 (P < 0.0001) and from 29.3 ± 4.7 to 42.0 ± 7.3 (P < 0.0001), respectively. When divided into two groups by whether or not glenohumeral arthrosis was present at the time of surgery (n = 9 each group), significant improvements in CS and FLEX-SF were obtained for both groups (P < 0.0015). There were no intraoperative complications. All patients, including contact athletes, returned to their preinjury level of sports activity and were satisfied. MRI evaluation revealed no instances of subchondral cyst formation or tunnel expansion. Anchor tracts appeared to heal with fibrous tissue, complete bony healing, or combined fibro-osseous healing.Conclusion:Our results are encouraging, demonstrating a consistent healing of the anchor tunnels through arthroscopic treatment of complex labrum lesions with a completely suture-based implant. It further demonstrates a meaningful improvement in patient outcomes, a predictable return to activity, and a high rate of patient satisfaction.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV case series.     

冠状动脉瘤样扩张的临床特点

目的 探讨冠状动脉瘤样扩张的临床特点及治疗方法。方法 对冠状动脉造影发现的186例冠状动脉瘤样扩张患者询问胸痛病史，检查心电图、X线胸片、超声心动图、冠状动脉造影等，并对治疗方法与结果做回顾性总结分析。结果 冠状动脉瘤样扩张表现为心绞痛的病例有147例，占79．0％，心电图、X线胸片、超声心动图均无特异性，186例均由冠状动脉造影确诊。结论 心绞痛为冠状动脉瘤样扩张的主要临床表现，冠状动脉造影是确诊的主要方法。本病一旦确诊应积极、长期使用抗凝剂和血管扩张药物，防止冠状动脉痉挛与心肌梗死的发生。急性心肌梗死应积极溶栓，药物治疗不满意者，应行冠状动脉旁路移植术。     

An integrated clinical approach to predicting the benefit of tirofiban in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. Application of the TIMI Risk Score for UA/NSTEMI in PRISM-PLUS.

AIMS: We evaluated the TIMI Risk Score for Unstable Angina and Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction for predicting clinical outcomes and the efficacy of tirofiban in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Developed in TIMI 11B, the risk score is calculated as the sum of seven presenting characteristics (age > or =65 years, > or =3 cardiac risk factors, documented coronary disease, recent severe angina, ST deviation > or =0.5 mm, elevated cardiac markers, prior aspirin use). The risk score was validated in the PRISM-PLUS database (n=1915) and tested for interaction with the efficacy of tirofiban+heparin vs heparin alone. The risk score revealed an increasing gradient of risk for death, myocardial infarction or recurrent ischaemia at 14 days ranging from 7.7-30.5% (P<0.001). Dichotomized at the median, patients with a score > or =4 derived a greater relative risk reduction with tirofiban (P((Interaction))=0.025). Among patients with normal creatine kinase myocardial bands, the risk score showed a 3.5-fold gradient of risk (P<0.001) and identified a population that derived significant benefit from tirofiban (RR 0.73, P=0.027). CONCLUSION: The TIMI Risk Score is a simple clinical tool for risk assessment that may aid in the early identification of patients who should be considered for treatment with potent antiplatelet therapy.     

阿托伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛患者树突状细胞功能的影响

目的 研究不稳定型心绞痛患者(UAP)树突状细胞(DC)的功能及阿托伐他汀对其的影响。方法 将27例UAP分为常规治疗组(12例)和常规加阿托伐他汀治疗组(15例),分别于治疗前及治疗后2周取血分离外周血单个核细胞,在含粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子和白细胞介素(IL)4的培养条件下制备DC。用流式细胞仪检测DC表面共刺激分子CD86(B7-2)的表达;混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)检测DC对同种异体T淋巴细胞的刺激能力;ELISA法测定MLR上清液中的细胞因子;探讨CD86表达与冠心病危险因素及C反应蛋白(CRP)的相关性。结果 与正常对照组比较,UAP者DC表面CD86的表达明显增高;对T淋巴细胞刺激的能力增强;经DC刺激的淋巴细胞分泌致炎细胞因子(IL-1β,IL-6,肿瘤坏死因子α)增多,抑炎细胞因子(IL-10)减少;用药前CD86的表达与血LDL-C水平正相关;阿托伐他汀抑制DC功能的同时显著降低血CRP水平;且CD86与CRP水平正相关。结论 (1)UAP者DC的功能亢进,由此启动的T淋巴细胞的增殖和炎性细胞因子分泌可能是UAP者动脉斑块不稳定的原因,(2)LDL-C可能是其刺激因素;(3)阿托伐他汀抑制斑块炎症的机制之一是其对DC的抑制。     

QT Interval in Patients with Unstable Angina and Non‐Q Wave Myocardial Infarction

Background: Non‐Q wave mvocardial infarction (NQMI) and unstable angina (UAP) have similar clinical presentations and similar ST‐T changes on the electrocardiogram. The purpose of this study was to assess whether changes in QT interval might help differentiating between these entities. Methods: The QT intervals of 52 patients hospitalized with NQMI were compared to those of 52 patients hospitalized for UAP. All patients had repeated ECG for at least 4 days. Results: Maximal QTc in patients with NQMI was significantly longer than in patients with UAP (475 vs 439 ms, P < 0.0001). QTc on the admission ECG was 450 ms in patients with NQMI compared to 417 ms in UAP P < 0.005). QTc > 460 ms was present in 48% patients with NQMI and in 19% of UAP patients. Maximal QT prolongation was observed within 36 hours of admission with return to normal within 96 hours. QT dispersion was within normal range, being longer in patients with NQMI than patients with UAP (55 vs 43 ms, P < 0.003). QT prolongation was not associated with increased frequency of arrhythmia. The cause of QT prolongation in NQMI may be related to the damage of subendocardial layer exposing the M cells layer which markedly prolong action potential duration. Conclusion: Transient QT prolongation is observed in about half of patients with NQMI. These ECG changes may help differentiating between patients with NQMI and UAP already on admission. A.N.E. 2002;7(4):343–348     

Historical perspective and contemporary management of acute coronary syndromes: from MONA to THROMBINS2

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains a major burden on morbidity and mortality in the United States. Medical professionals and students often use the mnemonic ‘MONA’ (morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin and aspirin) to recall treatments for ACS; however, this list of therapies is outdated. We provide a historical perspective on ‘MONA,’ attempt to uncover its origin in the medical literature, and demonstrate the myriad changes that have occurred over the last 50 years of ACS management. We have developed a novel mnemonic, ‘THROMBINS₂’ (thienopyridines, heparin/enoxaparin, renin–angiotensin system blockers, oxygen, morphine, beta blocker, intervention, nitroglycerin, statin/salicylate) to help bedside clinicians recall all the elements of contemporary ACS management. We demonstrate the mortality benefit for each component of contemporary ACS management, correlating the continued improvement with historical data on mortality after myocardial infarction. We encourage providers to utilize this mnemonic to explore options and guide treatments in ACS patients.     

Oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors--part II

Although the hypothesis of benefit from prolonged oral IIb/IIIa inhibition was appealing, the large Phase III trials have uniformly shown there was no improvement in outcome. In addition, there was an increased mortality seen in patients treated with the oral IIb/IIIa inhibitor. This latter finding is not adequately explained, but is likely a multifactorial problem of this strategy of platelet inhibition. The trials found that, even with no improvement in efficacy, there was increased bleeding, meaning that for chronic therapy with IIb/IIIa inhibition there does not appear to be a therapeutic window. Accordingly, chronic oral IIb/IIIa inhibition appears to have been well tested but has not worked. Fortunately, there are several other oral antiplatelet agents available that have shown beneficial results, including clopidogrel. In addition, other newer classes of antiplatelet agents are in earlier stages of development. Thus, agents targeted more "upstream" in platelet activation pathways may offer a more tolerable and efficacious approach to long-term antiplatelet therapy.     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗右冠状动脉起源异常的不稳定型心绞痛

目的分析右冠状动脉（fight coronary artery,RCA）起源异常的不稳定型心绞痛经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention．PCI）治疗的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2005年10月至2012年10月武汉市第五人民医院收治行PCI治疗的不稳定型心绞痛合并RCA起源异常5例患者的临床资料。结果共计623例不稳定型心绞痛患者中6例合并存在RCA起源异常,其中5例罪犯血管为RCA,发生率0．96％。5例患者中男3例,女2例．中位年龄57（32～75）岁;其中RCA起源于左冠状窦3例,起源于嵴上1例,起源于主动脉前壁1例;单支血管病变4例,两支血管病变1例;4例植入药物洗脱支架1枚,1例植入药物洗脱支架2枚;5例PCI治疗围术期无夹层、血栓、心肌梗死、心力衰竭、脑卒中、死亡等并发症发生;随访14．6（6-24）个月,无心绞痛、死亡、再次冠状动脉事件入院、再次血管化等主要心血管事件发生。结论PCI治疗为RCA起源异常的不稳定型心绞痛患者提供了一种安全有效的治疗方法。