昆明医科大学医学生自杀企图和自杀态度状况调查分析

目的研究医学生的自杀企图、自杀态度状况及特点,为心理健康教育与咨询工作提供针对性建议．方法采用自编的自杀企图调查题目和自杀态度问卷（QSA）对昆明医科大学567名本科生和130名研究生进行测查,对不同群体进行比较．结果14．46％的医学生有自杀意念,4．23％的医学生有过自杀行为的尝试,男、女生无显著差异（P〉0．05）;医学生总体自杀态度为矛盾、中立态度,自杀态度在性别、学历、年级、家庭所在地、经济状况变量上存在显著差异（P〈0．05）．结论医学生虽然对采取自杀这一行为本身并不认可,但仍在一定程度上体现出对人的关怀及对生命质量和生命价值的尊重和追求;人口统计学变量对医学生自杀态度具有显著影响．     

Eating Speed,Physical Activity,and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Are Independent Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean University Students

Background: Little is known regarding the role of eating quickly, physical inactivity, and poor cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in assessing the onset of metabolic syndrome (Mets) in Korean young adults. Objectives: This study examined the association between the three risk factors and Mets in 1891 Korean university students (30% female) aged 18–29 years. Methods: Eating speed (slow vs. fast) and physical activity (active vs. inactive) were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Maximal oxygen uptake as an indicator of CRF was assessed with graded exercise testing. Components of Mets were waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC). Results: All the three exposures were positively associated with abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressures, elevated FBG, elevated TG, and decreased HDLC. Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) of Mets was incremental in the order of physical inactivity (odds ratio, OR = 1.666; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.024–2.708; p = 0.040), fast eating (OR = 1.687; 95% CI = 1.094–2.601; p = 0.018), and poor CRF (OR = 5.378; 95% CI = 3.475–8.325; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The current findings suggest that a multifaceted intervention targeting at promotion of physical activity and CRF in concert with healthy eating behaviors should be implemented as a preventive strategy against Mets in Korean university students.     

Female university students' attitudes to future motherhood and their understanding about fertility

Objectives As highly educated women tend to postpone childbearing, the purpose was to explore female university students' attitudes to future motherhood and their understanding about fertility.

Methods Female students (n = 300), visiting a Student Health Centre in Sweden, answered a questionnaire with mainly multiple choice questions and verbal rating scales.

Results The women wanted to have two to three children at the age of 29 for the first birth and 35 for the last. Only 2.7% did not plan to have any children. Six out of 10 would consider having an abortion if confronted with an unplanned pregnancy ‘right now’. The most important circumstances for women's decision to have children were to be sufficiently mature, have a stable partner to share parenthood with, have completed studies and have a good economy. Having children before they got ‘too old’ was only ranked as very important by 18% of women. The women had an acceptable understanding about fertility.

Conclusions It appears that female university students are not very concerned about having children before they get ‘too old’. Therefore, it is important that caregivers, working with contraceptive counselling also include information about fertility, especially to women who intend to postpone their motherhood.     

民族院校大学生炫耀性消费及其与幸福感水平的研究

目的了解大学生炫耀性消费状况及其与幸福感水平的关系。方法随机抽取中南民族大学在校大学生110名,发放自编调查问卷及总体幸福感量表进行调查。结果①与来自城市的同学相比,来自乡村和城镇的同学具有更大的经济压力;②消费状况调查中没有发现炫耀性倾向,但来自城市的大学生相对于来自乡村的大学生,消费态度和消费能力的限制都比较宽松;③每月生活消费水平较高的同学相对而言具有较高幸福感水平(F=3.582,P<0.05)。结论不同生活消费水平的大学生幸福感水平不同。     

Effectiveness of a Proactive Mail-Based Alcohol Internet Intervention for University Students: Dismantling the Assessment and Feedback Components in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background

University students in Sweden routinely receive proactive mail-based alcohol Internet interventions sent from student health services. This intervention provides personalized normative feedback on alcohol consumption with suggestions on how to decrease drinking. Earlier feasibility trials by our group and others have examined effectiveness in simple parallel-groups designs.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of electronic screening and brief intervention, using a randomized controlled trial design that takes account of baseline assessment reactivity (and other possible effects of the research process) due to the similarity between the intervention and assessment content. The design of the study allowed for exploration of the magnitude of the assessment effects per se.

Methods

This trial used a dismantling design and randomly assigned 5227 students to 3 groups: (1) routine practice assessment and feedback, (2) assessment-only without feedback, and (3) neither assessment nor feedback. At baseline all participants were blinded to study participation, with no contact being made with group 3. We approached students 2 months later to participate in a cross-sectional alcohol survey. All interventions were fully automated and did not have any human involvement. All data used in the analysis were based on self-assessment using questionnaires. The participants were unaware that they were participating in a trial and thus were also blinded to which group they were randomly assigned.

Results

Overall, 44.69% (n = 2336) of those targeted for study completed follow-up. Attrition was similar in groups 1 (697/1742, 40.01%) and 2 (737/1742, 42.31% retained) and lower in group 3 (902/1743, 51.75% retained). Intention-to-treat analyses among all participants regardless of their baseline drinking status revealed no differences between groups in all alcohol parameters at the 2-month follow-up. Per-protocol analyses of groups 1 and 2 among those who accepted the email intervention (36.2% of the students who were offered the intervention in group 1 and 37.3% of the students in group2 ) and who were risky drinkers at baseline (60.7% follow-up rate in group 1 and 63.5% in group 2) suggested possible small beneficial effects on weekly consumption attributable to feedback.

Conclusions

This approach to outcome evaluation is highly conservative, and small benefits may follow the actual uptake of feedback intervention in students who are risky drinkers, the precise target group.

Trial Registration

International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 24735383; http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN24735383 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6Awq7gjXG)     

Use of Smokeless Tobacco among Male Students of Zahedan Universities in Iran: a Cross Sectional Study

Background: Smokeless tobacco consumption is one of the causes of oral cancer. The aim of this study wasto determine the prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption among male students of Zahedan universitiesand associated factors in 2012. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 431 students were selectedfrom the universities of Zahedan using multi-stage random cluster sampling. The data collection tool was aquestionnaire including questions about demographic information, history of smokeless tobacco consumption, andawareness of smokeless tobacco hazards. Data were analyzed by SPSS19 using Chi-square test and multinomiallogistic regression, with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: At the time of conducting this study, 102 students(23.7%) had already consumed smokeless tobacco and 49 students (11.4%) were current users (consuming atleast once in 30 days before the study). There was a significant relationship between history of smokeless tobaccoconsumption, university/college, place of living, mean GPA, and mother’s education level (p<0.05). Also there wasa significant association between knowledge and prevalence of smokeless tobacco use (p<0.001). Conclusions:There is a relatively high prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption among the male students of universitiesof Zahedan, which shows the need to emphasize the provision and implementation of prevention programs inuniversities.     

高校大学生心理状况及图书馆阅读疗法对其影响

目的探讨高校大学生的心理健康状况及图书馆阅读疗法对其的影响。方法采用90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)对100名高校大学生进行测查并与国内常模比较;采用图书馆阅读疗法分析其对大学生心理状况的影响。结果高校大学生的SCL-90各因子分高于国内成人常模,其中躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁及焦虑等因子分与国内成人常模比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采用阅读疗法后高校大学生SCL-90各因子分较治疗前低,其中躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁及焦虑等因子分与阅读疗法治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高校大学生心理健康状况存在一些问题,主要表现在负性情绪、躯体化症状及人际关系等方面,而图书馆阅读疗法对改善其心理状况有一定的积极作用。     

健康大学生血清乙型肝炎病毒感染状况及疫苗接种变化趋势分析

目的:研究健康大学生血清乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染状况及变化趋势.方法:用酶联免疫吸附实验测大学生血清中HBV抗原-抗体系统,赖氏法检测丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活性,问卷调查入学时学生使用乙肝疫苗的情况.结果:1996-2000年5届学生入学时感染模式1感染率逐年下降,感染模式2感染率逐年升高,感染模式3感染率逐年下降但变化不明显;使用乙肝疫苗后产生的抗-HBs入学时维持率为77.36%,少数个体对乙肝疫苗并不敏感;感染模式1学生接受乙肝疫苗全程免疫1次,抗-HBs阳性率与入学前使用乙肝疫苗有一定关系.结论:各感染模式的感染率呈时间变化,ALT异常者应引起高度重视;注射乙肝疫苗对机体产生保护性抗体,抗-HBs作用明显,乙肝疫苗不敏感的人群可能确实存在.     

大学生综合量化评价体系探讨

随着社会发展对人才的需要,我国高等教育越来越重视对大学生综合素质、综合能力的培养.因此,建立一个科学、准确、客观、合理的大学生综合素质评价体系显得尤为重要.通过分析我校大学生综合量化评价体系,探讨其存在的不足,提出改进设想,以期为进一步完善该量.化评价体系提供参考.     

浅析医学院校的考风建设

考风建设是教学管理的一项常规工作,是衡量教学管理水平和教学质量的重要标志,文章分析了医学院校加强考风建设的重要性,提出了医学院校加强考风建设的具体措施,旨在保证和提高医学院校的人才培养质量,为社会培养合格的医学人才。