米非司酮配伍米索前列醇终止早孕118例临床观察

就米非司酮配伍采米前列醇序贯用药终止７周内早孕１１８例进行临床观察，发现完全流产率９２．３７％，不全流产率５．９３％，持续妊娠率１．６９％。临床证明该方法方便、安全有效、副作用极小，但个别孕妇产生不全流产，引起出血过多及出血时间延长。不全流产率有随孕妇年龄、孕龄、孕次增加而增加的趋势。     

解脲脲原体与自然流产关系的探讨

采用聚合酶链反应技术对３２例自然流产患者的宫颈粘液及其中２２例清宫组织进行解脲脲原体（ＵＵ）检测，并与３０例人工流产妇女比较。结果表明：自然流产与ＵＵ寄生于宫颈无关（Ｐ＞０．０５），与宫内感染ＵＵ明显相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

精子染色质结构分析的临床意义

目的探讨女方不明原因流产和不明原因不孕与其配偶精子染色质性状之间的关系;方法通过精子染色质结构分析(SCSA)对22例不明原因流产和36例不明原因不孕妇女配偶精子,以及20例正常对照者精子进行DNA完整性检测,并比较它们之间的差异;结果对照组与不明原因流产组以及不孕组之间精子DNA完整性存在差异,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0．05),而不明原因流产组与不孕组之间精子DNA完整性比较无明显差异(P>0．05);结论精子染色质结构分析有可能作为不明原因流产和不孕的辅助诊断方法在临床应用。     

615系小鼠自发乳腺癌的发病率及病理形态学观察

100对615系种鼠,常规饲养繁殖,观察33个月(终生),其乳腺癌发病率为5.5%(11例全部发生于经产雌鼠),低于肺腺癌(11%,22例,雌雄各半)而居第二位,故615系小鼠仍属低乳癌品系。对615系小鼠的46例自发乳腺癌进行了病理形态学检查分析:瘤细胞可分为小、中、大三类。组织分型属A型者18例,多由小细胞及少量中细胞构成;属B型者28例,除小细胞外往往可见较多的中细胞甚或主要由大细胞与中细胞构成。B型乳腺癌的分化程度似较A型者为低。转移主要发生于肺部。7例经镜检证实属乳腺癌的肺转移瘤,其原代瘤属A型者1例,属B型者6例。肺转移瘤的组织像与原发瘤基本相同者4例;而细胞变大,呈实心排列,显示分化程度低于原发瘤者3例。     

A Subset of Patients With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion Is Deficient in Transforming Growth Factor β-2-Producing “Suppressor Cells” in Uterine Tissue Near the Placental Attachment Site

PROBLEM : To determine if patients with unexplained recurrent miscarriage have a deficiency of decidual immunosuppressor cells that produce transforming growth factor β type 2, as has been found in mice with abortion due to rejection and/or trophoblast failure. METHODS : Decidual biopsy specimens were taken as near to the placental attachment site as possible under ultrasound guidance from first trimester legal termination (control) patients with recurrent miscarriage and non-viable pregnancy, and from patients with sporadic missed abortion. The tissue was tested for TGFβ-2⁺ suppressor cells by in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and analysis of supernatants. RESULTS : TGFβ-2-related suppressor molecules similar but not identical to those identified in pregnant mice were released by decidual lymphoid cells. Fifty percent of 14 recurrent miscarriage patients showed a lack of suppressor cells and 59% were subnormal in comparison to 20 controls and 5 sporadic miscarriage patients, where 80–85% of the patients had detectable suppressor cells. CONCLUSIONS : Suppressor cell deficiency is compatible with a role for rejection and/or trophoblast failure in some patients with recurrent miscarriage. Presence of suppressor cells in most patients with missed abortion (4/5) is compatible with an alternative cause of fetal death, similar to findings reported in genetic fetal death mice.     

Paternal and Maternal Smoking Habits before Conception and During the First Trimester: Relation to Spontaneous Abortion

PURPOSE: This study examined the association between maternal smoking before and during the first trimester of pregnancy and spontaneous abortion.

METHODS: We have been conducting a hospital-based case-control study on risk factors for spontaneous abortion in the greater Milan area. We collected information from 782 cases of spontaneous abortions and 1543 controls (women who delivered at term healthy infants).

RESULTS: With respect to never smokers, the odds ratio (OR) were 0.7 (95%, confidence interval (CI), 0.5–1.0) for women who quit smoking and 1.3 (95% CI, 1.0–1.6) for those who continued during pregnancy. Women who smoked more than 10 cigarettes/day in the first trimester were at increased risk of miscarriage, with an OR of 1.4 (95% CI, 1.0–2.1). No relationship was evident between the number of cigarettes smoked before conception and the risk of abortion. Likewise, no association emerged between paternal smoking and miscarriage. Moreover, no significant interaction or modification effect was obtained when strata of age and other major characteristics were investigated.

CONCLUSIONS: The risk of abortion associated with cigarette smoking during the first trimester of pregnancy was measurable and noticeable in this population, and accounted for 9% (95% CI, 6–13%) of all cases. The increased risk of spontaneous abortion in women smoking during pregnancy is a further reason to encourage pregnant women to quit.     

Spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation mimicking an ovarian tumour

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a spontaneous singletonpregnancy is exceedingly rare. We report a case of ovarian hyperstimulationpresenting as bilateral ovarian masses in association with spontaneouspregnancy, occurring in a woman with disturbed liver function.A possible mechanism is discussed.     

Pharmacological properties of a lyophilizate from Galeopsis ladanum on the central nervous system of rodents

The influence of a fraction obtained from Galeopsis ladanum L. on the central nervous system of rodents was examined. The results of these investigations show that the fraction impeded CNS activity. It is practically nontoxic and at a dose of 2000 mg/kg i.p. it does not have a soporific influence on mice. It reduces considerably the spontaneous locomotor activity of mice as well as the locomotor activity of mice stimulated by caffeine, but did not influence the locomotor activity induced by amphetamine. The extract did not exhibit a synergetic effect with barbiturates. The results suggest that the pharmacological activity of the extract resembled the activity of drugs which generally depress the CNS, being on the border between ataractic and sedative drugs.     

Molecular interactions during pregnancy: Association between mannan binding protein deficiency and recurrent miscarriage

The distribution of mannan binding protein (MBP) in blood donorsera was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay toestablish normal concentrations. Abnormally low MBP concentrationswere found in 16% (21 out of 135) of female partners and 14%(15 out of 108) of male partners of couples experiencing recurrentmiscarriage, compared with <5% of obstetrically normal controls(P < 0.005). This relationship was even stronger (9.5 versus1.0%) and more significant (P < 0.002) when only subjectspresumed to be homozygous for the mutant allele responsiblefor MBP deficiency were considered. By immunohistochemistry,MBP could be demonstrated in first trimester placenta. We suggestthat low concentrations of MBP within the feto-placental unitincrease susceptibility to fetal loss, possibly via an infection-inducedplacental cytokine imbalance.     

以心跳骤停为首发症状的蛛网膜下腔出血共同特征研究

<正>心跳骤停（cardiac arrest,CA）和蛛网膜下腔出血（subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH）均是急诊科常见的急危重症,CA可见于多种疾病的各个阶段,复苏成功率不高,甚至造成CA的病因不甚明确。SAH典型表现为剧烈头痛、呕吐、脑膜刺激征,诊断并不困难。而以CA为首发症状的SAH,由于心肺复苏无法常规进行头颅CT检查,给诊断增加了困难。本文通过对16例以CA为首发症状的SAH患者进行回顾性研究,来提高SAH-CA的快速病因诊断,避免漏诊误诊。