尿酸、D-二聚体与不同类型脑梗死的关系

目的:探讨血尿酸、D-二聚体与不同类型脑梗死的关系.方法:选取2018年10月至2019年10月我院收治的急性脑梗死患者96例(试验组)以及同期健康体检者60例(对照组)进行研究.按类肝素药物治疗急性缺血性脑卒中试验(Trial of ORG10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment,TOAST)分...     

大鼠腹外斜肌肌纤维型组成及分布研究

目的探讨大鼠腹外斜肌的肌纤维型组成和分布,借以了解该肌功能,并为运动训练模型的建立提供理论依据和研究平台。方法采用Guth-Samaha肌球蛋白ATP酶组织化学染色法并稍做改良,对成年SD大鼠腹外斜肌冰冻切片进行肌纤维分型研究。结果SD大鼠腹外斜肌经肌球蛋白ATP酶组织化学染色后可明确分出2型肌纤维,即明亮色白的Ⅰ型纤维(慢缩纤维)和幽暗深褐的Ⅱ型纤维(快缩纤维),并且,2种纤维在肌内呈棋盘样均匀分布;图像分析仪下计数Ⅱ型纤维达到(84.8±5.3)%,而Ⅰ纤维仅占(15.2±2.1)%,前者占绝对优势(P<0.01)。结论SD大鼠腹外斜肌以Ⅱ型纤维为主,除了起保护腹腔脏器作用外,还参与力量和速度运动。     

STEM DISTRIBUTION IN IRREGULAR FORESTS

The author outlines the fifty years history of national professional forestry education in Canberra by the Australian Forestry School and its successor the Australian National University Department of Forestry.     

Occupational Factors and Problem Drinking among a Japanese Working Population

Problem drinking is a serious public health problem in the workplace. However, few Japanese epidemiological studies have investigated the occupational characteristics of problem drinking. The purpose of this study is to clarify the occupational risk factors for problem drinking among a Japanese working population. We used data from a random-sampling survey about mental health and suicide, conducted among Hamamatsu City residents aged 15 to 79 yr old during May and June in 2008. The relation between occupational factors and problem drinking was analyzed with multiple logistic regression models stratified by gender. CAGE questionnaire was used to assess problem drinking. With regard to employment types, problem drinkers were more prevalent among self-employed women. With regard to occupational types, clerical and service professions had more problem drinkers of either sex, while administrative/managerial and sales professions had more women with such problem. With regard to company size, male problem drinkers were more prevalent in smaller companies than in larger ones. These results indicate that the prevalence of problem drinkers in the workplace depends on where one works. It is necessary to consider these characteristics to provide effective measures to address problem drinking in the workplace.     

Landscape structure and diseases profile: associating land use type composition with disease distribution

Human health and well-being presuppose environmental quality. Several studies have documented the indicative role of land use types in environmental quality. However, the exact role of land use composition on disease distribution has remained scientifically vague. We assessed the congruence of diseases’ distribution with land use composition, focusing on high environmental quality areas, defined as tranquil areas with view to indicating places offering well-being. Landscape composition is linked to the presence of diseases across 51 prefectures of Greece. Agricultural and natural land use types proved to be the main drivers of disease distribution. Tranquility demonstrated a strong negative correlation with population density, thus could be considered as a quantitative spatial index of life-quality. We concluded that the landscape context affects the dominance of diseases’ patterns. Special emphasis should be put on the role of tranquil areas in human health and the relative environmental health policies.     

Secondary Bone Grafting of Alveolar Clefts: A Surgical/Orthodontic Treatment Enabling a Non-prosthodontic Rehabilitation in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients

A procedure combining grafting of cancellous bone to the residual cleft of the primary palate with subsequent orthodontic movement of teeth into the former cleft area is described. The preliminary results from the first 80 patients (89 clefts) are presented. The age of the patients at the bone grafting ranged from 8 to 18 years, and the observation time from 17 to 44 months. The results have been assessed 1) on the basis of dental radiographs and 2) clinically, by the response of the grafted area to the orthodontic movement of adjacent teeth. In 69 clefts in which the cleft side canine had been brought into its final position at the time of evaluation, the height of the interal-veolar septum was assessed to be approximately normal in 38% and slightly less than normal in 44%. A septum of insufficient height (less than 3/4 of the normal) had formed in 5 clefts (7%). Even in these cases, the main objects of the operation were fulfilled: The maxillary segments were stabilized, the teeth adjacent to the cleft had better bone support, and the gap in the dental arch could be closed orthodontically in four of the five clefts. Failures, i.e. no continuous bone bridge across the alveolar cleft, were recorded in 8 instances (9%) of the total material. When failures were disregarded, the gap in the dental arch was closed orthodontically in 90%, while prosthodontic closure was deemed necessary in 10% of the cases. Optimal results were obtained when bone grafting was performed prior to the full eruption of the cleft side canine. In this situation, the known potential of an erupting tooth to induce alveolar bone generation proved to be of great advantage. By deliberately guiding the erupting canine through the grafted area close to the incisor, a nearly normal interalveolar septum was formed, and the gap in the dental arch was closed orthodontically in 23 out of 26 clefts. When fissural teeth were present, they were in most cases integrated in the dental arch. Approximate incisor symmetry could thus be obtained. In the remaining 20 clefts, the ipsilateral canine had not reached its final position at the time of evaluation, and the end results could not be assessed. However, bone formation in the defect was good in 19 of the 20 clefts, and a fully satisfactory result is expected in the majority of these cases. Further advantages were obtained by this procedure: 1) The maxillary segments were stabilized, particularly important in bilateral clefts in which the premaxilla was movable. 2) Oronasal fistulae were effectively closed and mucosal recesses eliminated. 3) The grafted bone provided support for the receded alar base, reducing the nasal asymmetry and improving the facial contour. 4) The postoperative orthodontic treatment could be brought to an end at approximately the same age as for patients with a non-cleft malocclusion. The only significant complication in this series was infection of the grafted area, causing loss of the bone grafts in two cases, and possibly contributing to the failure in some other patients. The experience gained with this treatment permits the conclusion that a full osseous and dental rehabilitation can be achieved in the great majority of patients with cleft lip and palate without any prosthodontic reconstructive work.