实时三维超声心动图评价房间隔缺损不同手术方式的右室收缩功能变化

目的 应用实时三维超声心动图(real-time three dimensional echocardiography, RT-3DE)研究房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect, ASD)不同手术方式右室收缩功能的变化.方法 ASD患者按照不同手术方式分为外科手术组和封堵组;常规二维超声心动图检查后,使用RT-3DE采集患者的右室全容积数据库,分析右室舒张末容量(right ventricular end diastolic volume, RVEDV)和收缩末容量(right ventricular end systolic volume, RVESV)、计算右室射血分数(right ventricular ejection fraction, RVEF).比较术前、术后7 d、术后3个月的RVEDV、RVESV、RVEF值变化.结果 术后7 d,封堵组右室RVEDV、RVESV均较术前明显减小(P＜0.05),RVEF值与术前无显著差异;外科手术组右室RVEDV较术前明显减小(P＜0.05),但RVESV较术前无统计学差异,并且EF值较术前减低(P＜0.05).术后3个月两组的RVEF值均较术前明显增高(P＜0.05).结论 RT-3DE能简便、准确地确定右室容积并计算右室收缩功能;ASD患者外科手术组术后早期右室收缩功能较术前减低, 术后3个月恢复到正常水平,封堵组术后初期EF值即达正常水平.     

超声心动图诊断胎儿肺动脉狭窄的产前及产后对照分析

目的 探讨胎儿肺动脉狭窄产前及产后超声心动图的变化规律.方法 选择2014年6月至2016年6月我院经超声诊断或怀疑肺动脉狭窄的胎儿16例,出生后进行随访.对照分析胎儿产前及产后肺动脉狭窄超声心动图的声像图特征,探讨胎儿肺动脉狭窄产前及产后血流动力学变化规律,对漏诊和误诊病例进行分析.结果 16例胎儿出生后1个月内进行随访,超声心动图证实13例新生儿存在不同程度的肺动脉狭窄,其中10例为单纯性肺动脉瓣狭窄:重度狭窄者具有典型的声像图特征,均伴有三尖瓣重度反流、右房大、右室小、动脉导管血流反向,预后较差;轻度和中度狭窄者产前超声图像特征不明显而容易漏诊,产后随访其狭窄程度可逐渐减轻,2例进行性加重.3例为肺动脉主干狭窄且伴有心内畸形,产前及产后超声表现一致,预后较差.另有3例产前诊断为肺动脉主干轻度狭窄,出生后超声心动图显示肺动脉正常.结论 胎儿肺动脉狭窄产前和产后血流动力学具有特征性改变,需要对胎儿肺动脉狭窄进行产前及产后超声心动图动态随访,评估其狭窄程度和预后.     

急诊床旁超声心动图的临床应用价值

目的 探讨急诊床旁超声心动图在心脏相关急症诊疗中的应用价值.方法 对2008年12月至2011年2月590例急诊床旁超声心动图检查资料进行回顾性分析.结果 590例患者诊断阳性率为86.6％.冠心病379例(64.2％),包括心肌梗死286例(48.4％),合并室壁瘤21例及机械并发症12例;高血压性心脏病111例(1...     

多平面经食道超声心动图估测左心耳功能及血栓的评价

目的 评价应用经食道超声心动图(TEE)估测左心耳功能及诊断左房血栓的价值。方法 采用TEE对33例伴有或不伴有房颤患者检测左心耳容量及收缩功能，探测左房和左心耳内有无明确血栓征象。并与经胸多普勒二维超声心动图(TTE)比较。结果 33例患者中左房血栓6例，左心耳血栓6例，排除左房血栓3例。根据左心耳面积测定计算出左心耳射血分数(Efv)与左心耳峰值血流排空速度(Per)相关性良好(r=0．84)。结论 TEE不仅可定性诊断左房血栓，还可测量左心耳射血分数，房颤患者左心耳面积扩大，左心耳射血分数减低，评价左心耳功能较二维超声心动图更为准确。     

二维应变超声心动图评价高血压病人左心室长轴收缩功能

目的 应用二维应变超声心动图评价左心室射血分数正常的原发性高血压病人左心室长轴收缩功能的变化。方法 选取左心室射血分数正常的原发性高血压病人132例,分为正常构型组（NG组）、向心性重构组（CR组）、向心性肥厚组（CH组）、离心性肥厚组（EH组）,并以34例健康志愿者作为对照组（NC组）。应用二维应变超声心动图测量左心室各节段收缩期纵向峰值应变,计算各组受检者整体纵向峰值应变。结果 NC、NG、CR、CH组整体纵向峰值应变呈明显的递减趋势（F=6.54,q=2.23～4.36,P〈0.05）;EH组整体纵向峰值应变与NG、CR、CH组比较显著减低（q=3.89～4.36,P〈0.01）,与CH组比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论 随着心肌重塑的进展,左心室长轴收缩功能损害逐渐加重。     

应用二维DNA电泳检测大肠癌错配修复基因hMLH1突变

目的　探讨大肠癌错配修复基因hMLH1突变与微卫星不稳 (MSI)的关系。方法　采用二维DNA电泳和DNA测序技术检测hMLH1突变 ;采用PCR为基础的方法检测MSI。结果　 76例大肠癌中检出hMLH1基因突变 8例 ,突变率为 10 .5% ,检出MSI 2 0例 ,检出率为 2 6 .3%。右侧大肠癌hMLH1突变和MSI的检出率显著高于左侧大肠癌 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,hMLH1突变与肿瘤大小、分化程度、组织学类型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移和临床病理分期无显著相关。将MSI分为高频率MSI(MSI H ,≥ 2个位点 ) 10例、低频率MSI(MSI L ,仅为 1个位点 ) 10例和MSI阴性 (MSS) 5 6例 3组 ,8例hMLH1基因突变均发生于MSI H组 ,而MSI L和MSS组未见有突变者。结论　hMLH1基因突变与MSI多发生于右侧大肠癌 ,MSI的发生与hMLH1突变有关     

二维超声心动图结合心电图诊断心尖部肥厚型心肌病的价值

目的：探讨二维超声心动图（2DE）结合心电图（ECG）诊断心尖部肥厚型心肌病（AHCM）的准确率,并与2DE和ECG单独诊断的准确率比较。方法：60例患者,30例心尖部肥厚型心肌病,另30例心电图显示ST-T改变,行左室造影或心脏磁共振检查。结果：单独ECG诊断AHCM的敏感性高（接近100%）,但特异性低（约27%）;单独2DE诊断AHCM敏感性为93%,特异性为100%;两者结合诊断AHCM能提高2DE诊断的敏感性。结论：利用二维超声心动图结合心电图能提高对心尖部肥厚型心肌病诊断的准确率,便于临床推广。     

二维彩色多普勒超声心动图对甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病的诊断价值

①目的 探讨二维彩色多普勒超声心动图对甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病的诊断价值。②方法 回顾分析71例甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病病人二维彩色多普勒超声心动图特征。③结果 心脏扩大46例，占64.8%，以右心房及左房室扩大为主，并发二、三尖瓣反流多见，分别占62.0%和63.4%；并发肺动脉高压45例，占63.4%，以轻度为主。④结论 二维彩色多普勒超声心动图检查可了解甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病的心脏结构、血流动力学改变，并可估测肺动脉压力。     

Artificial Intelligence in Echocardiography

Artificial intelligence in diagnostic cardiac-imaging platforms is advancing rapidly. In particular, artificial intelligence algorithms have increased the efficiency and accuracy of echocardiographic cardiovascular imaging, resulting in more complex echocardiographic imaging techniques and expanded use among noncardiologists. Here, we provide an overview of real-world applications of artificial intelligence in echocardiography including automatic high-quality computer-optimized image acquisition sequences, automated measurements, and algorithms for the rapid and accurate interpretation of cardiac physiology. These advances will not replace physicians but will improve their productivity, workflow, and diagnostic performance.     

Ultrasonic sensor concept to fit a ventricular assist device cannula evaluated using geometrically accurate heart phantoms

Future left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are expected to respond to the physiologic need of patients; however, they still lack reliable pressure or volume sensors for feedback control. In the clinic, echocardiography systems are routinely used to measure left ventricular (LV) volume. Until now, echocardiography in this form was never integrated in LVADs due to its computational complexity. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the applicability of a simplified ultrasonic sensor to fit an LVAD cannula and to show the achievable accuracy in vitro. Our approach requires only two ultrasonic transducers because we estimated the LV volume with the LV end‐diastolic diameter commonly used in clinical assessments. In order to optimize the accuracy, we assessed the optimal design parameters considering over 50 orientations of the two ultrasonic transducers. A test bench was equipped with five talcum‐infused silicone heart phantoms, in which the intra‐ventricular surface replicated papillary muscles and trabeculae carnae. The end‐diastolic LV filling volumes of the five heart phantoms ranged from 180 to 480 mL. This reference volume was altered by ±40 mL with a syringe pump. Based on the calibrated measurements acquired by the two ultrasonic transducers, the LV volume was estimated well. However, the accuracies obtained are strongly dependent on the choice of the design parameters. Orientations toward the septum perform better, as they interfere less with the papillary muscles. The optimized design is valid for all hearts. Considering this, the Bland‐Altman analysis reports the LV volume accuracy as a bias of ±10% and limits of agreement of 0%–40% in all but the smallest heart. The simplicity of traditional echocardiography systems was reduced by two orders of magnitude in technical complexity, while achieving a comparable accuracy to 2D echocardiography requiring a calibration of absolute volume only. Hence, our approach exploits the established benefits of echocardiography and makes them applicable as an LV volume sensor for LVADs.