nm23-H_1基因与突变型P~(53)基因在人乳腺病变组织中的表达

目的观察７６例乳腺病变组织中ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１及突变型Ｐ５３基因的表达情况,分析其与乳腺癌生物学行为及淋巴结转移的关系。方法应用ＳＰ免疫组织化学方法检测７６例乳腺病变组织中ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１及突变型Ｐ５３蛋白表达。结果ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１基因在５６例乳腺癌中表达率为４４．６４％,１０例乳腺纤维瘤均阳性,１０例纤维囊性病９例阳性,后二者均高于乳腺癌中阳性率（Ｐ＜０．００５,Ｐ＜０．０１）;Ｐ５３在乳腺癌中阳性率３５．７１％,在所有良性乳腺疾患中均阴性（Ｐ＜０．０２５）。同时发现ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１表达与乳腺癌组织分化程度及淋巴结转移呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０２５,Ｐ＜０．０５）,与病理组织类型无关;Ｐ５３表达与乳腺癌淋巴转移正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）,与组织类型及分化程度无关;ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１与Ｐ５３表达呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）;另外,ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１表达缺失与Ｐ５３的阳性表达在乳腺癌淋巴结转移上有协同作用。结论ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１的表达缺失及Ｐ５３的阳性表达提示乳腺肿瘤恶性度高、淋巴转移潜能大,二者联合检测对乳腺癌患者预后的评价更为全面可靠。     

解剖型钢板治疗肱骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的：探讨解剖Ｙ型钢板的临床应用价值。方法：报告３６例解剖Ｙ型钢板内固定肱骨远端粉碎性骨折,进行临床分析讨论,其中列,女８例,平均年龄３６．８岁。３６例中均行肘后标准切口尽骨鹰嘴截骨暴整个肱骨远端,Ｙ型钢板、螺钉内固定。结果：本组随访１～５年,其中优良率８６．２％。结论：解剖Ｙ型钢板治疗治疗肱骨远端粉碎骨折,效果确切,术后有利早期活动关节,减少并发症。     

反义BCR/ABL寡核苷酸体外抑制K562细胞的研究

目的：探讨反义ＢＣＲ和ＡＢＬ融合基因（ＢＣＲ／ＡＢＬ融合基因）寡核苷酸体外抑制Ｋ５６２细胞的作用及机制。方法：采用Ｋ５６２细胞培养,观察反义ＢＣＲ／ＡＢＬ寡核苷酸体外对Ｋ５６２细胞数、台盼蓝拒染率及克隆形成等的影响。结果：经反义ＢＣＲ／ＡＢＬ寡核苷酸ｂ３ａ２（ＡＳｂ３ａ２）处理后培养８ｄ的Ｋ５６２克隆抑制率达６０６９％,液体培养中细胞数从２４ｈ开始较对照组减少,细胞存活率从８ｈ开始即较对照组明显下降,ＢＣＲ／ＡＢＬ寡核苷酸ｂ２ａ２（ＡＳｂ２ａ２）及无义寡核苷酸对Ｋ５６２细胞数和存活率无明显影响;３种寡核苷酸对ＨＬ６０细胞数和存活率也无影响。结论：ＡＳｂ３ａ２对Ｋ５６２细胞有序列特异性的抑制作用。ＡＳｂ３ａ２的这种抑制作用可能在于它诱导Ｋ５６２细胞的凋亡。     

鼻咽癌中与已知基因同源的差异表达cDNA序列

采用新近发展的ｃＤＮＡ代表性差异分析法筛选鼻咽癌中不表达的或表达降低的ｃＤＮＡ序列。结果显示：有９个与已知基因高度同源的ｃＤＮＡ序列。通过对这些已知基因的结构和功能分析,发现有与细胞骨架成分相关的基因：αａｃｔｉｎｉｎ,ｅｚｒｉｎ和细胞角蛋白１３;直接与瘤基因和抑瘤基因相互作用的基因：鲨烯合成酶和ＴＲＩＰ１基因;直接参与ＤＮＡ合成以及调控基因转录和翻译的基因：ＴＡＦⅡ６８和组蛋白Ｈ１０;另外还有人类补体因子Ｂ及类转运ＲＮＡ合成酶的基因。这些基因大多具有相当于抑瘤基因的功能。从而进一步说明鼻咽癌的发生是多基因相互作用的结果。     

聚合酶链反应检测细菌16S rRNA基因

根据细菌１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因的高度保守性,设计合成所有细菌、革兰氏阳性细菌及革兰氏阴性细菌的共同引物,采用聚合酶链反应检测已知细菌１３株,三对引物分别扩增的阳性率为１００％,倍比稀释法能检出细菌的最低浓度为４ＣＦＵ·ｍｌ－１,同时检测临床样本４０份,阳性率为６７５％（２７／４０）,同期细菌培养阳性率为４５％（１８／４０）,二者比较差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示聚合酶链反应检测细菌１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因具有高度的特异性和敏感性。     

急性白血病患者 W T1 基因m R N A 表达研究

用 Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 检测了２８ 例急性白血病患者 Ｗ Ｔ１ 表达水平。结果显示：１９ 例 Ｗ Ｔ１ 表达阳性,阳性率６７９ ％ ;其中１６ 例 Ａ Ｎ Ｌ Ｌ 中有１１ 例表达阳性,１２ 例 Ａ Ｌ Ｌ 有８ 例表达阳性。表明 Ｗ Ｔ１ 在急性白血病中有高度表达,可作为一种新的检测标记物,在白血病疗效观察、判定预后及 Ｍ Ｒ Ｄ 研究中有重要意义。     

热双蒸水联用生理盐水及右旋糖酐-40预防腹腔内肿瘤种植转移的实验研究

联合应用热双蒸水、生理盐水、右旋糖酐40 序贯腹腔冲洗的方法,行体外试验与动物试验。发现45 ℃双蒸水浸泡腹腔20 min 后能完全杀灭体外培养的B6F10 细胞;右旋糖酐40 部分抑制B16F10 细胞对胶化培养板孔壁的粘附。小鼠腹腔注入B16F10 细胞后,按上述三联合液序贯冲洗可预防70 % 的C57 BL/6j小鼠发生腹膜癌病,未见毒副作用。在此冲洗的基础上,腹腔内保留氯氨铂,疗效高达88-9 % ,但毒性也增加     

P16和P53在视网膜母细胞瘤中的表达及其意义

目的研究Ｐ１６和Ｐ５３在视网膜母细胞瘤的表达。方法对３６例视网膜母细胞瘤标本采用免疫组织化学方法观察Ｐ１６和Ｐ５３表达水平。结果３６例标本中Ｐ１６和Ｐ５３阳性检测率分别是４７．２％和６６．６％,Ｐ１６和Ｐ５３阳性表达率在肿瘤的分化程度方面,差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论Ｐ１６和Ｐ５３在视网膜母细胞瘤的产生和发展过程中起重要作用。     

Expandable metallic stent treatment for malignant colorectal strictures

Four patients were treated by placement of an expandable metallic stent (two Gianturco Z-stents, two Ultraflex stents) for malignant colorectal strictures. All four patients were able to defecate after stent placement. Stent migration was recognized in one patient. Two patients suffered from tenesmus after stent placement.     

Is there still a place for angiography in the management of renal mass lesions?

In recent years, the development of noninvasive imaging modalities for exploration of the kidney has markedly reduced the use of angiography in the evaluation of renal masses. Presently, it is not required in routine practice to evaluate renal masses. Ultrasound is the most efficient procedure in detecting renal tumor. It is acknowledged that arteriography has a limited diagnostic and staging value compared with CT and MRI for the assessment of renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Most urologists recommend partial nephrectomy or tumor enucleation in an effort to preserve as much as possible functioning renal tissue. In such cases a preoperative map of the renal vasculature is not needed. Information on the main renal artery(ies) and segmental renal arteries can be provided with spiral CT or dynamic MR angiography. Arteriography remains useful in exceptional situations. Interventional arteriography is becoming an important part. It is indicated by means of selective embolization for the treatment of potentially bleeding tumor (i. e. angiomyolipoma) or in emergency in cases of acute hemorrhage. Less frequently, it may be proposed as a palliative procedure for inoperable patients with huge renal tumor. Two other indications of interventional arteriography are acknowledged. Some urologists request preoperative embolization of the tumor-harboring kidney to decrease/avoid extensive blood loss during surgery and/or to facilitate surgery with huge renal tumors when the renal vessels are difficult to reach. The complications of nephron-sparing surgery (partial nephrectomy or tumor enucleation) related to bleeding or arteriovenous fistulas may be cured by arterial embolization. Received: 18 May 1998; Revision received: 3 August 1998; Accepted: 6 August 1998