Sperm antigens recognized by antisperm antibodies present in sera of infertile adults and prepubertal boys with testicular failure

Immunoblotting of a repertoire of sperm antigens reacting with antisperm antibodies present in sera of infertile adults and prepubertal boys with testicular failure was performed. In the subgroups selected for this study, 55% of examined infertile women, 65% of infertile men and 64% of prepubertal boys with gonadal failure gave positive results by Western blotting with extracted sperm antigens. Sperm antigens with molecular weights of 57, 58, 62, 63 and 66 kDa were the most immunodominant entities recognized by antisperm antibodies from prepubertal boys. No positive reactions were detected by Western blotting in a control population of fertile adults, whereas in a group of prepubertal healthy boys only one sample revealed reactivity against sperm antigens of 58 and 70 kDa.     

Direct gamete uterine transfer in patients with tubal absence or occlusion

Purpose: Our aim was to examine the potential of the uterine cavity to affect fertilization and early embryo development. Design: A prospective IRB-approved protocol for patients fulfilling study eligibility criteria was used. Methods: Patients studied included those with primary or secondary infertility, aged less than 38 years, with no history of severe male-factor infertility, and with hysterosalpingogram-and laparoscopic-confirmed bilateral proximal tubal occlusion. Superovulation induction was accomplished with a combination of GnRH agonist and menotropins, with serum hormonal and sonographic monitoring. Within 24 hr prior to, and again at the time of, ovulatory hCG administration, progesterone (P4) was given. Sonographic-guided transvaginal retrieval was performed 35 hr after hCG. Between four and six oocytes were returned to the uterine cavity, admixed with sperm, immediately following retrieval. Luteal support consisted of daily P4 administration. Results: Of the 20 patients recruited for the study, all completed the retrieval and transfer procedure. A total of four clinical pregnancies was achieved, with one early first-trimester loss, one late first-trimester loss (Trisomy 14), and two healthy term infants delivered. IVF of surplus oocytes demonstrated a 82.5% fertilization rate and 66.7% cleavage following cryopreservation. Conclusions: Human fertilization can be achieved through direct uterine transfer of gametes. Furthermore, administration of P4 prior to the ovulatory dose of hCG is compatible with in vitro or in vivo fertilization and implantation.     

Timed intercourse after intrauterine insemination for treatment of infertility

Objective: To compare the pregnancy rates, between intrauterine insemination (IUI) followed by timed intercourse and IUI only for treatment of the infertile couples. Study design: A prospective study of two different protocols of intrauterine insemination in two hundred and one infertile couples with a normal spermiogram was carried out. Of these, 101 couples were treated with IUI alone and 100 couples had both IUI and timed intercourse within a 12-18 h period. The pregnancy rates were compared between groups. Results: The characteristics of the two groups were similar in terms of the mean age, as well as the duration and causes of infertility. The cycle characteristics following follicular stimulation were also similar between two groups. The pregnancy rate per cycle increased with increasing numbers of total motile sperm per insemination in the IUI alone group (P=0.045). Timed intercourse increased pregnancy rate in patients with lower motile sperm number (<40×10⁶) (27.7% versus 10.5%, P=0.023), but not in patients with higher sperm number (≥40×10⁶) (25.7% versus 22.7%, P=0.671). Conclusions: In IUI with low number of motile sperm inseminated, timed intercourse significantly increases the pregnancy rates over IUI alone in infertile couples with a normal sperminogram. This alternative treatment appears to be a practical, simple, and inexpensive addition that improves the pregnancy rate in patients receiving ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination program.     

Does Previous Salpingectomy Improve Implantation and Pregnancy Rates in Patients with Severe Tubal Factor Infertility who are Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization? A Pilot Prospective Randomized Study

Objective: To evaluate the implantation rate and pregnancy rate (PR) in patients with severe tubal factor infertility who were undergoing IVF. Patients who had undergone salpingectomy were compared with those who had not.

Design: A prospective randomized study.

Setting: A department of obstetrics and gynecology at a university hospital.

Patient(s): Thirty patients who previously had undergone salpingectomy and 30 patients who had not undergone salpingectomy before IVF treatment.

Intervention(s): Laparoscopy with or without salpingectomy followed by IVF with the use of combined GnRH agonist and hMG therapy in a long stimulation protocol.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Embryo implantation rate and ongoing PR per transfer. The cumulative PRs were compared for the two groups of patients.

Result(s): After the first IVF attempt, the implantation rate was 10.4% in the group with salpingectomy and 4.6% in the group without salpingectomy. For all IVF attempts, the respective embryo implantation rates in the two groups were 13.4% and 8.6%. The ongoing PR per transfer was 34.2% in the group with salpingectomy compared with 18.7% in the group without salpingectomy. After four IVF attempts, the probability of becoming pregnant was greater in the group of patients with salpingectomy (75%) than in the group without salpingectomy (63%).

Conclusion(s): Previous salpingectomy in patients with severe tubal factor infertility who are undergoing IVF seems to increase the embryo implantation rate and the PR per cycle of IVF. This monocentric study must be followed by other similar studies to allow for a metaanalysis and confirm this clear trend with definitive evidence.     

中药配合经阴输卵管插管注射甲氨喋呤治疗输卵管妊娠临床观察

探讨透视下经阴输卵管妊娠囊表面注射甲氨喋呤(MTX),配合口服异位汤,静脉用丹参注射液的方法,治疗输卵管妊娠的近期与远期效果及适应症。结果:10例患者8例成功。近期疗效:治疗后8例患者阴道流血时间平均9.7天;恢复排卵时间19.71天;治疗后22天血β-hCG降至正常,同时B超见输卵管妊娠包块直径<1.6cm。远期疗效:8例患者5例未避孕,4例获得宫内妊娠(4/5)。其中2例足月分娩,出生儿智力、发育及健康状况均正常。     

应用高效液相色谱法检测男性不育患者精浆丙二醛水平

目的:探讨高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测精浆中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)水平的意义。方法:93例不育男性分为:阻塞性无精子症组(12例);非阻塞性无精子症组(15例);少精子症组(21例);弱精子症组(19例);少弱精子症组(16例);少弱畸精子症组(10例)。18例生育男性作为对照组。采用HPLC检测生育与不育男性精浆MDA含量。结果:生育组精浆MDA值除与阻塞性无精子症组差异无显著性(P>0.05)外,与其他各组相比均有极显著性差异(P均<0.01)。各不育男性组间精浆MDA值也有统计学差异。结论:应用HPLC检测精浆MDA水平是诊断活性氧产生过高所致男性不育的一个重要指标。     

未破裂型输卵管妊娠腹腔镜手术和剖腹手术的临床研究

目的　比较腹腔镜和剖腹手术在保守性治疗未破裂型输卵管妊娠的效果。　方法　选取经临床或腹腔镜确诊的输卵管峡部、壶腹部或伞部妊娠的未破裂型住院病例 ,分成腹腔镜手术和剖腹手术 2组进行保守性手术治疗 ,2组各 112例 ,记录术前病史体征、术中和术后情况 ,并随访其术后 1年内的妊娠结局。　结果　腹腔镜组术中出血量 (30 .6± 13.8) m l、手术时间(4 1.3± 11.2 ) m in、排气时间 (11.5± 5 .3) h、抗生素应用时间 (2 .6± 2 .1) d、术后最高体温 (36 .8± 0 .4 )℃、术后住院时间 (4 .3± 1.2 ) d及术后 3个月后子宫输卵管造影 (hystero salpingo graphy,HSG)通畅率 83.9% (78/ 112 ) ,明显优于剖腹组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;腹腔镜组和剖腹组术后血β- HCG恢复正常时间分别为 (9.6± 5 .1) d、(10 .2± 4 .9) d;术后发生持续性宫外孕率分别为 (6 .3% ,5 .4 % )、术后 1年内的宫内妊娠率分别为 (87.9%、 76 .5 % )及宫外孕发生率分别为 (12 .6 % ,2 3.5 % ) ,2组间差异无显著 (P>0 .0 5 )。　结论　腹腔镜保守治疗未破裂型输卵管妊娠具有手术时间短、出血少、术后恢复块、 HSG通畅率高     

E-钙黏蛋白、β-连接素与不明原因不孕症发病机制的探讨

目的探讨E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)和β-连接素(-βcatenin)在人子宫内膜组织中的表达与不明原因不孕症的关系。方法采用免疫组化S-P法,检测35例正常及41例不明原因不孕症子宫内膜E-cadherin和-βcatenin的表达水平。结果正常组各期子宫内膜腺上皮均见二者的表达,且在分泌中期达到高峰;-βcatenin在间质细胞有同样的变化,而E-cadherin增生期未见表达。不孕组增生期腺上皮二者仅有弱表达,分泌期表达增加(P<0.05),分泌中期与早、晚期比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05);间质细胞E-cadherin的表达无统计学意义。结论E-cadherin和-βcatenin在人子宫内膜腺上皮和间质细胞规律性表达,其表达异常,可能是导致不孕的重要原因。     

精液白细胞与形态正常精子百分率关系研究

目的:探讨精液白细胞对形态正常精子百分率的影响。方法:按WHO精液参数检测方法计数精液白细胞,采用精子形态检测系统下人工修正方法进行精子形态分析。结果:精子形态异常组精液白细胞>5个/HP百分率明显高于精子形态正常组精液白细胞>5个/HP百分率,两组间比较差异显著(P<0·05)。白细胞>5个/HP组形态正常精子百分率明显低于白细胞<5个/HP组形态正常精子百分率(P<0·05)。白细胞>5个/HP组小头精子、锥形头精子百分率明显高于白细胞<5个/HP组(P<0·05)。精液白细胞计数与形态正常精子百分率呈显著负相关;与大头精子、小头精子、锥形头精子呈显著正相关;与梨形头精子、其它畸形精子呈显著负相关。结论:精液白细胞可影响精子形态,小头精子数和锥形头精子数显著增加。     

人类男性Y染色体变异对男性生育力影响的临床分析

目的:探讨Y染色体异常对男性生育能力的影响。方法:对因不育而就诊的4 238例男性患者进行G显带核型分析。结果:共检出Y染色体异常核型550例,占全部被检者12．98％,其中大Y 染色体异常497例;小Y染色体21例;倒位染色体13例;缺失Y染色体12例;47,XYY 4例;45,XO／ 46,XY嵌合体3例;48,XXYY 1例;环状Y染色体1例;Y染色体的平衡易位46,X,t(Y;17)(q12; q25)1例、46,X,t(Y;3)(q11;p11)1例、46,X,t(Y;14)(q12;q22)1例和1例46,X,t(Y;15) (p11;q13)。结论:Y染色体数目与形态结构的异常对男性生育能力有重要影响。