Development and plasticity of local intracortical projections within the vibrissae representation of the rat primary somatosensory cortex

Labelling with 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (Di-A) was used to assess the development of projections within the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) of rats aged between postnatal day 2 and 8 (P-2 and P-8). 1,1′-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (Di-I) was used in these same animals to label thalamocortical afferents. Particular attention was paid to the emergence of lamina IV intracortical projections that form a pattern complementary to vibrissae-related thalamocortical afferents. A vibrissae-related pattern of Di-A-labelled cells and fibers that was restricted largely to the septa regions was not apparent in rats killed on P-2, but it was visible in animals killed on P-4 and later ages. Tracing with biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was used to assess intra-SI projections of adult rats that sustained transection of the infraorbital nerve (ION) on P-0 or P-7 or implantation of a tetrodotoxin (TTX)-impregnated polymer chip over the cortex on P-0. Rats that sustained ION transection on P-7 or that had TTX implants demonstrated normal patterns of projections within SI. The patterns of labelling in the supra- and infragranular layers of the cortices of the rats that sustained ION transection on P-0 were generally similar to those in the other groups evaluated. However, in lamina IV, there was no organization that could be related to the distribution of the vibrissae. These results indicate that the vibrissae-related pattern of intracortical projections within SI develops shortly after birth and that two manipulations that alter cortical activity, but not the patterning of thalamocortical afferents (application of TTX and transection of the ION after thalamocortical afferent patterns are established), have no significant effect on it. However, a manipulation that alters thalamocortical development (transection of the ION on P-0) profoundly affects the patterning of intracortical connections. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

芎芷石膏汤治疗原发性三叉神经痛

原发性三叉神经痛是三叉神经分布区内短暂的发作性剧痛,多发于中老年人,40岁以上患者占70%~80%,发作时表现为面颊上下颌及舌部明显的剧烈电击样、针刺样、刀割样疼痛,持续时间短,突发突止,间歇期完全正常。中医将其归属于"面痛"范畴,多从风热立论,笔者跟随导师临证过程中,发现《医宗金鉴》的芎芷石膏汤治疗风热上犯型原发性三叉神经痛效果显著。     

Neuropeptide Y modulates membrane excitability in neonatal rat mesencephalic V neurons

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of a number of neuropeptides with powerful orexigenic effects. Intracerebroventricular administration of NPY induces increases in food intake and alters feeding rate. Besides it role in feeding behavior, NPY also has significant effects on neuronal systems related to other spontaneous behaviors such as rearing and grooming. In the present study, we examined the direct effects of NPY on mesencephalic V neurons (Mes V), which are important sensory neurons involved in oral motor reflexes and rhythmical jaw movements, as well as masticatory proprioception. Coronal brain slices were prepared from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats (P3-17) and whole-cell patch clamp recordings were obtained from Mes V neurons. Bath application of NPY depolarized the membrane potential and induced inward current in most neurons. Application of NPY shortened the duration of the afterhyperpolarization following an action potential, and increased the mean spike frequency during repetitive discharge. In those neurons which exhibited rhythmical burst discharge in response to maintained current injection, the bursting frequency was also increased. These effects were mediated predominately by both Y1 and Y5 receptors.     

加巴喷丁联合A型肉毒素治疗复发性三叉神经痛的疗效分析

目的 探讨加巴喷丁联合A型肉毒素治疗复发性三叉神经痛（TN）的疗效。方法 选取2018年1月—2020年8月华中科技大学协和江南医院收治的复发性TN患者110例作为研究对象。将患者分为试验组和对照组,各55例。对照组采用加巴喷丁治疗,试验组在对照组的基础上给予A型肉毒素治疗。对比两组患者的疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果 两组治疗前、治疗后2周、治疗后8周静息时VAS评分比较,经重复测量设计的方差分析,结果：(1)不同时间点VAS评分有差异（F=9.046,P <0.05）;(2)两组VAS评分有差异（F=7.097,P <0.05）,试验组治疗后VAS评分较对照组低,相对镇痛效果较好;(3)两组VAS评分变化趋势有差异（F=10.002,P <0.05）。试验组总有效率高于对照组（P <0.05）。试验组治疗前与治疗后8周的S100β、神经元特异性烯醇化酶差值高于对照组（P <0.05）。两组药物总不良反应率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 加巴喷丁联合A型肉毒素治疗复发性TN可增强疗效,降低S100β、NSE水平,且安全性良好。     

多层螺旋CT扫描图像数据对经蝶窦入路穿刺三叉神经节及其分支的可行性研究

目的 探讨经蝶窦入路穿刺三叉神经节及其分支的可行性,分析两者的毗邻关系及相关限制因素.方法 对110例成年中国人头部薄层CT轴位原始资料进行多平面重组,观察圆孔、卵圆孔、翼腭窝（管）、Meckel腔与蝶窦外侧壁的关系,测量蝶窦外侧壁至诸结构的骨壁厚度.结果 ①圆孔紧靠蝶窦外侧壁的前外下方,骨壁厚度＜2 mm者84例（76%）;②重组图像可显示翼腭管全程,翼腭窝与蝶窦前下外侧壁之间的骨壁厚度＜2 mm者77例（70%）;③卵圆孔距离蝶窦外侧壁距离＞5 mm 98例（89%）;④由蝶窦腔内经颈内动脉管前方入路,斜向后下外方可及Meckel腔,骨壁厚度1～5 mm,颈动脉管为重要骨性标志.结论 经蝶窦内可分别穿刺或开放圆孔、翼腭窝和Meckel腔,而经蝶窦内穿刺卵圆孔基本不可行;经蝶窦入路至三叉神经节及其分支的可及性与蝶窦气腔的位置和扩展程度有关.     

三叉神经痛微血管减压术中责任血管与磁共振影像的相关性

目的探讨三叉神经痛责任血管微血管减压术前磁共振成像和术中所见血管神经的相关性。方法回顾95例三叉神经微血管减压手术病例术前磁共振成像（3D-CISS、3D-TOF-MRA、3D-T₁增强）资料和手术录像,分析三叉神经痛的责任血管的来源、走行和压迫神经根的形式在微血管减压手术所见与术前磁共振成像关系。结果 86例术前MRI显示神经与血管关系密切,术中均证实。9例术前MRI显示神经与血管关系不密切者,6例术中证实责任血管存在,3例未发现责任血管。手术有效率95.7%（91/95）。结论责任血管在微血管减压术中所见与术前磁共振多序列成像结果有高度的相关性。     

痛刺激后大鼠三叉神经尾侧亚核星形细胞和神经元相互关系的电镜观察

目的：观察大鼠上唇皮下注射福尔马林后，三叉神经尾侧亚核（Sp5C)内反应性星形细胞和神经元之间相互关系的超微结构。方法：用DAB染色的抗胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、抗connexin43(Cx43）和金颗粒标记抗Cx32双标记免疫电镜方法。结果：电镜下观察到Sp5C内反应性星形细胞和神经元之间存在4种联系结构：第一种是突触样结构；第二种是三种成分的突触复合体，第三种是缝隙连接；第四种是由Cx32和Cx43构成的异源性缝隙连接（HGJ）。HGJ表现为两侧膜增厚，Cx43阳性物质和Cx32阳性金颗粒分别位于星形细胞和神经元一侧，痛刺激后HGJ数明明显增加。结论：神经元和星形细胞之间有多种信息通道，HGJ可能是一种快速，适应性信息通道。Sp5C星形细胞可能通过HGJ调节神经元的活动，共同参与中枢神经系统对刺激反应的调节。