A型肉毒毒素治疗脑中风和脑外伤后下肢痉挛的临床研究

目的　探讨A型肉毒毒素 (botulinumtoxinA ,BTXa)能否有效、安全地治疗下肢肌痉挛 ,改善步行能力及步行速度。方法　 2 7例中风、脑外伤患者 ,选择下肢肌肉局部注射国产BTXa。每个病人每次选择 3～ 5块肌肉 ,每块肌肉总的注射剂量介于 5 0～ 10 0U ,每次病人接受的注射总量小于或等于 40 0U。所有病人同时接受步态训练等康复治疗。注射前、注射后 2、4wk按改良式Ashworth量表 (ModifiedAsh worthScale ,MAS)评定肌张力 ,足印分析法 (footprintanaly sis)测量并记录步行时的时间距离参数的变化 ,研究各肌群肌张力变化与步态参数的关系。结果　整体比较 ,注射后 2wk(股直肌除外 )、4wk与注射前相比 ,各肌群肌张力降低 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,步态时间距离参数值 (T D值 )除步角外 ,各参数均有不同程度改善 (P <0 0 1或 <0 0 5 )。注射前与注射后 4wk比较 ,步长、步宽、步速差异均有显著性(P <0 0 5 )。注射后 2wk与 4wk比较 ,步长、步速有改善(P <0 0 5 )而步宽、步角变化不大。spearman相关分析表明各肌群肌张力降低与步长具有较好的相关性。结论　BTXa下肢肌肉局部注射结合步态训练 ,可以明显改善中风、脑外伤的痉挛步态 ,由此显示局部的化学去神经方法与康复训练相结合 ,可以使特定的功能改?     

高压氧治疗对脑外伤患者血糖影响的比较研究

目的 探讨高压氧治疗对脑外伤患者血糖的影响。方法 将100例脑外伤患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，分别测量治疗前后两组患者血糖浓度。结果 高压氧治疗后脑外伤患者血糖浓度较对照组明显降低。结 论高压氧治疗能使脑外伤后升高的血糖降低，促进受损伤脑组织修复。     

An Assessment of Gender Differences in the Perception of Benefit Resulting from the Loss of a Child

The current study focused on a sample of adults (N = 67) experiencing bereavement following the loss of a child. The Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) was used to assess whether bereaved parents were able to perceive benefit from their trauma, and whether there were gender differences in perception of benefit. The impact of the following variables on the PTGI was also assessed: the nature and length of time since the loss, and the age and marital status of the bereaved. The results indicated that bereaved parents do perceive benefit from their loss. However, there was poor evidence to suggest perception of benefit along gender lines. Results also indicated a potential relation between greater perception of benefit and those bereaved through illness, and more perception of benefit for the longer the time elapsed since the bereavement. Lastly, there was a tendency for younger individuals and married respondents to obtain higher scores on the PTGI.     

Use of the KTP-532 Laser in Acoustic Neuroma Surgery

The potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP-532) laser has been applied to otologic surgery with a proven record of both safety and efficacy. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the use, safety, and advantages of laser dissection in the surgical treatment of acoustic neuromas. The authors' experience with 111 patients in whom laser surgery was used in acoustic neuroma is presented, with emphasis on surgical technique employed and facial nerve functional outcome. The method of laser dissection did not result in deleterious neurologic sequelae or laser-specific complications. In addition, laser dissection afforded certain advantages to traditional techniques, especially in larger tumors. The facial nerve functional outcome as assessed by the House-Brackmann grading system revealed that 90.2% of small tumors, 72.2% of medium tumors, and 75.0% of large tumors achieved satisfactory (grades I and II) functional results. These results compare favorably with the literature describing nonlaser dissection techniques. The observations and results reported in this article demonstrate the safety of the KTP-532 laser in the posterior cranial fossa, and specific advantages that this technology may offer to the surgical armamentarium of the neuro-otologist are outlined.     

Clinical experience with vestibular schwannomas: epidemiology, symptomatology, diagnosis, and surgical results

The Danish model for vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery has been influenced by some historical otological events, taking its origin in the fact that the first attempt to remove CPA tumors was performed by an otologist in 1916. In approximately 50 years VS surgery was performed by neurosurgeons in a decentralized model. Highly specialized neuro- and otosurgeons have been included in our team since the early beginning of the centralized Danish model of VS surgery in 1976. Our surgical practice has always been performed on the basis of known and proven knowledge, but we spared no effort to search for innovative procedures. The present paper reflects the experience we have gained in two decades of VS surgery. Our studies on the incidence, symptomatology, diagnosis, expectancy and surgical results are presented. Received: 26 February 1997 / Accepted: 7 July 1997     

Acoustic Evoked Response Following Transection of the Eighth Nerve in the Rat

Summary ? Object. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is the most widely used means of intra-operative monitoring of the integrity of the auditory nerve and brainstem pathways during surgery in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). Reliability of this and other electrophysiological techniques has been questioned because of persisting potentials in direct nerve recordings despite complete eighth nerve section.  The study was designed to assess the extent to which an acoustic evoked response persists after the cochlear nerve is lesioned in the CPA of the adult rat.  Methods. The eighth nerve was exposed microsurgically via a lateral suboccipital approach without damage to surrounding structures. The auditory brainstem response to monaurally presented click stimuli was recorded using needle electrodes and a bandpass of 10 to 5000 Hz.  Findings. Complete sharp sectioning of the nerve in the CPA resulted in immediate disappearance of brainstem-generated potentials but persistence of a large primary, vertex-positive wave in all but one case. This response was also abolished in recordings three days later and after emptying the inner ear canal. Provided that the cochlea remained intact, two weeks later a single, vertex-positive potential in the latency range of wave Ia of the ABR reappeared, reaching its peak amplitude six weeks after sectioning of the nerve.  Conclusions. The short-latency electrical potential recorded following damage of the eighth nerve in the cerebellopontine angle can be mistaken for an indication that nerve function is still preserved. The evoked injury potential is probably the major contributor to this potential that resembles wave I of the ABR. Monitoring of functional auditory integrity must neither be limited to early components of the ABR, nor to the electrocochleogram (EcoG) and the peripheral compound nerve action potential (CNAP), respectively.     

外伤性和医源性上睑提肌腱膜损伤致上睑下垂

目的分析外伤性和医源性上睑提肌腱膜损伤的原因及治疗。方法对54例各种外伤及手术引起的上睑提肌腱膜损伤所致上睑下垂进行回顾性分析。结果各种眼外伤及一些医源性原因所引起的不同程度的上睑提肌损伤，造成上睑提肌腱膜与睑板分离，形成腱膜性上睑下垂，上睑皱襞过高，上眶区凹陷，二次手术行上睑提肌腱膜折叠术及断端缝合术，效果良好。结论外伤和医源性原因引起的腱膜性上睑下垂，经过手术矫正效果理想。     

少年儿童眼外伤术后无晶体眼的接触镜矫正

目的探讨少年儿童单眼外伤术后无晶状体眼的接触镜(CL)矫正方法和临床效果.方法观察81名少年儿童眼外伤术后患者的眼部改变,并根据其屈光状态的变化、对侧眼的状态及其生活的实际需要,选择验配了软性接触镜(SCL)、托力克软性接触镜(TSCL)、透气性硬性接触镜(RGPCL)、加虹膜色彩的非透气性硬性接触镜(PMMA虹彩片)和软、硬组合型镜片系统(Piggyback CL),并比较视力矫正效果.结果与对侧健眼比较,外伤术后眼角膜曲率半径值显著改变,角膜散光度明显增加.52眼选用SCL和TSCL,矫正视力与框架眼镜比较无明显差异;22眼选用RGPCL,4眼选用PMMA虹彩镜,3眼选用Piggyback CL,三种镜片矫正视力比框架眼镜明显提高.PMMA虹彩镜和Piggyback CL用于外伤后角膜白斑、术后无晶状体、虹膜严重损伤眼,除显著提高视力外,还明显改善了羞明症状和眼外观.结论在严格的医疗化管理下,利用CL矫正少儿眼外伤术后无晶状体眼的高度屈光不正、屈光参差,恢复双眼视觉是安全、有效的.硬性接触镜(HCL)的视力矫正效果明显优于SCL.     

迟发性外伤性颅内血肿113例分析

目的总结和分析外伤性迟发性颅内血肿的临床特点及其影像学特征。方法对1995年1月至2003年3月住院治疗的外伤性迟发性颅内血肿患者病历资料进行回顾性分析。结果在同期住院治疗的1574例颅脑损伤患者中,有113例(7.2%)出现迟发性颅内血肿或因迟发性颅内血肿入院手术治疗,术后恢复良好18例(15.9%),中残29例(25.7%),重残25例(22.1%),植物生存17例(15.1%),死亡24例(21.2%)。结论外伤性迟发性颅内血肿有其明确的临床特点和典型的影像学特征,及早发现、及时手术抢救治疗,能显著改善外伤性迟发性颅内血肿的预后。     

创伤性膈疝的X线与CT诊断分析

目的分析X线与CT在创伤性膈疝中的诊断价值及影像特点。方法对经X线、CT检查的35例创伤性膈疝患者(经手术证实)进行回顾性分析。结果①创伤性膈疝多发生于左侧膈肌,该组病例中X线与CT对该病的诊断符合率分别为68.6%和100%。②CT不仅可以明确诊断膈疝,还可判断膈破裂口的位置、大小、疝入物内容。③判断多脏器复合受损情况:CT在诊断肺挫裂伤方面与X线无显著性差异(P>0.05);CT在诊断液气胸、腹腔积液方面明显优于X线(分别为P<0.01,P<0.05);X线在诊断肋骨骨折方面明显优于CT(P<0.01);X线对肝、脾、脑、肾等实质性脏器的损伤方面无诊断价值。结论X线、CT在诊断创伤性膈疝中有着极其重要的作用,且CT是一种更敏感的检查方法,对创伤性膈疝的早期诊断及治疗、挽救患者生命有重大的意义。