腹腔镜下经腹膜外入路膀胱癌根治术的初步体会

目的 评估腹腔镜下经腹膜外入路膀胱癌根治术的可行性及临床疗效.方法 选取2017年5月-2019年5月肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者16例,年龄54～78岁,平均69.4岁.开展腹腔镜下腹膜外入路膀胱癌根治术,术中经腹膜外膀胱切除及淋巴清扫,3例行输尿管皮肤造口术,1例行Studer原位回肠新膀胱术,其余12例行Bricker回...     

腹腔镜下经腹膜外入路根治术治疗前列腺癌的临床疗效

目的探讨腹腔镜下经腹膜外与经腹入路根治术治疗前列腺癌的疗效。方法回顾性分析2018年4月至2019年4月于本院行前列腺癌根治术的88例患者的临床资料,根据入路不同分为观察组(腹腔镜下经腹膜外入路根治术)和对照组(腹腔镜下经腹入路根治术),每组44例。比较两组围术期指标、术后勃起功能及并发症发生率。结果观察组手术、术后肛门排气及住院时间均短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1周,两组ⅡEF-5评分均高于术前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论相较于腹腔镜下经腹入路根治术,前列腺癌采用腹腔镜下经腹膜外入路根治术可减轻机体创伤性,缩短术后恢复时间,增强勃起功能。     

Transperitoneal versus retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: A comparative study

Objectives:   To compare perioperative outcome of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches during laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) and to identify selection criteria for each approach.
Methods:   Over a 7-year period, 100 consecutive patients (median age 62 years, range 20–80) underwent LRN for a renal tumor with clinical stage T1a–T3a. The first choice approach was retroperitoneal. The transperitoneal approach was chosen in selected cases based on tumor characteristics. Thirty-three patients underwent the transperitoneal approach, and 67 had the retroperitoneal approach. Perioperative parameters including operative time, blood loss and complications and pathology data were retrospectively analyzed.
Results:   Overall, 33 transperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomies (TLRN) and 67 retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomies (RLRN) were carried out. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of size (5.3 vs 3.0 cm, P  < 0.0001) and clinical T stage (higher in the TLRN group, P  < 0.0001) of the tumors. Intraoperative complications included bradycardia, pneumothorax, renal vein injury, and renal artery injury in the TLRN group, and pneumothorax in the RLRN group. There were no differences in terms of operative time, blood loss and tumor grade between the two groups.
Conclusions:   Retroperitoneal and transperitoneal approaches yielded excellent surgical outcomes. The transperitoneal approach should be chosen based on tumor size and location to minimize vascular injury.     

Transperitoneal transport of creatinine. A comparison of kinetic models

Summary. Six kinetic models of transperitoneal creatinine transport were formulated and validated on the basis of experimental results obtained from 23 non-diabetic patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. The models were designed to elucidate the presence or absence of diffusive, non-lymphatic convective and lymphatic convective solute transport. The validation procedure included an assessment of theoretical (a priori) and practical (a posteriori) identifiability, goodness of fit, residual error analysis and plausibility of parameter estimates. The results of the validation procedure demonstrate that the model including all three forms of transport is superior to other models. We conclude that the best model of transperitoneal creatinine transport includes diffusion, non-lymphatic convective transport and lymphatic convective transport.     

腹腔镜经腹入路泌尿系手术的并发症及预防处理

目的：分析腹腔镜经腹入路泌尿系手术并发症的原因及预防和处理方法。方法：回顾分析1156例腹腔镜经腹入路泌尿系手术的资料，总结出现的并发症和处理方法。结果：1156例手术出现严重并发症22例，其中皮下气肿6例；肾上腺手术过程中肾静脉损伤转开放1例，肾上腺中央静脉损伤2例；肾囊肿去顶减压周围肾实质出血2例；根治性肾切出血转开放3例；1例肾切除术后出血再次急诊开放手术发现肾蒂周围一分支小动脉出血。膈肌损伤腔镜下修补2例；胰腺损伤转开放1例；脾脏损伤出血再手术开放脾切除1例；结肠损伤1例；术后肺动脉栓塞2例。本组手术的并发症发生率为1．9％（22／1156），转开放率0．43％（5／1156），再手术率0．35％（4／1156），无死亡病例。22例患者积极正确处理后均痊愈出院。结论：充分认识腹腔镜经腹入路泌尿系手术的常见并发症，提高手术操作技巧，正确预防和处理并发症，可以避免严重后果的发生。     

经腹腹腔镜半肾输尿管切除术治疗成人重复肾畸形(附5例报告)

目的：探讨经腹腹腔镜治疗成人重复肾畸形的手术技巧及效果。 方法：2015-2018年单中心单术者完成成人重复肾畸形患者5例，所有患者均行泌尿系统增强CTU确诊为重复肾。回顾性分析患者的临床资料，包括手术技巧，手术时间，术中出血量，肠道功能恢复时间，住院天数等临床资料。 结果：5例患者均顺利完成手术，手术时间为152±32.7min（110-200min），出血量 106±83ml（50-250ml），术后肠道恢复时间2±1.1天（1-3）天，住院天数7±1.1天（5-8天）。术后随访6-32个月，复查B超、肾功能提示残存肾脏正常。 结论：经腹腹腔镜下重复肾切除技术安全可靠，肾门血管的解剖是保护术后肾脏功能的关键，肾盂粘膜的完整切除是预防尿性囊肿复发的关键。     

Changing pattern of the intraoperative blood pressure during endoscopic adrenalectomy in patients with Conn’s syndrome

Background Primary hyperaldosteronism caused by an aldosterone-producing adenoma of the adrenal gland is regarded as the most common type of endocrine hypertension. The aim of this study was to analyze the changing pattern of the intraoperative blood pressure during endoscopic adrenalectomy recorded in patients with Conn’s syndrome compared to patients with hormone-inactive incidentaloma and its possible influence by the surgical approach. Methods From February 1994 to March 2004, 40 patients underwent endoscopic adrenalectomy for Conn’s syndrome. All patients had arterial hypertension over a median period of 84 (5–240) months and were pretreated with an aldosterone antagonist in 76.3% and with specific antihypertensive medication in 85%. Over the same period of time, endoscopic adrenalectomy was carried out in 80 patients with incidentaloma. Of these, 41 (53.2%) displayed arterial hypertension requiring drug therapy. Results The adrenal gland was resected using the retroperitoneal in 25 and the transperitoneal approach in 15 patients with Conn’s syndrome. Conversion to an open procedure was required in two patients. Intraoperative increases in blood pressure necessitating antihypertensive therapy were observed in 17 of 40 patients (44.7%), in 11 of 40 patients (28.9%) blood pressure peaks of >200 mmHg (> 1 min) were noted. Differences between the preoperative and maximum intraoperative blood pressure were significant for the retroperitoneal approach only (systolic: p = 0.0001; diastolic: p = 0.0005), but not for the transperitoneal technique. The increase in intraoperative blood pressure in patients with Conn’s syndrome was significantly higher, for both systolic (p < 0.0001) and diastolic (p = 0.0037) readings, compared to that in patients with incidentaloma undergoing endoscopic adrenalectomy during the same period of time. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that relevant intraoperative increases in blood pressure occur in patients with Conn’s syndrome despite prior therapy with an aldosterone antagonist, necessitating specific precautionary measures during anesthesia. Intraoperative blood pressure was significantly higher for the retroperitoneal than for the transperitoneal procedure, which leads us to advocate the latter approach for endoscopic adrenalectomy. An erratum to this article is availbale at .     

Experience with transperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty

Pyeloplasty is a standard therapy for ureteropelvic junction obstruction with a success rate of over 90% for all types of repair. In 1993 the first cases of laparoscopic repair of ureteropelvic junction obstruction via the transperitoneal approach were described. In the last few decades open pyeloplasty has been a standard for surgical treatment with a long-term success rate of more than 90%.