Fifteen-year Experience of Transperitoneal Management of Inflammatory Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

OBJECTIVES: to assess the long-term outcome of patients with inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: over a fifteen-year period 598 cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm were treated and, of these, 32 cases (5.3%) were inflammatory in nature. The diagnosis was made on preoperative (CT) computed tomography in fifteen cases. Twenty-six patients were symptomatic on presentation and ten cases were repaired on an emergency basis. Only six were repaired electively. The transabdominal transaortic approach without dissection on the nearby adherent structures was used routinely. RESULTS: there was one postoperative death from a respiratory arrest leading to a thirty-day mortality of 3.1%. Early graft thrombosis occurred in three cases (9.3%) and all underwent successful thrombectomy. Colonic ischaemia was encountered in one patient who later developed an aortoenteric fistula. Two patients suffered a non-fatal myocardial infarction postoperatively leading to an overall morbidity of 18.7%. CONCLUSIONS: patients with inflammatory aortic aneurysms fare worse than patients with aortic aneurysms in general. Preoperative suspicion assists in planning surgery. We believe that the transperitoneal approach with an anterolateral aortotomy and minimal dissection of adherent structures offers excellent results in dealing with this difficult group of patients.     

经腹入路与后腹腔入路腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗肾错构瘤的疗效分析

目的:探讨经腹入路与后腹腔入路腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗肾错构瘤（RAML）的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析我院2013年1月至2017年10月收治的39例RAML患者的临床资料,根据手术方式分为两组,经腹入路腹腔镜保留肾单位手术（TLNSS）组21例,后腹腔入路腹腔镜保留肾单位手术（RLNSS）组18例,比较两组患者的一般资料、手术及术后相关指标,评价两种手术方式的疗效。结果:两组患者性别、年龄、肿瘤直径等一般资料差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;影像学检查中TLNSS组患者肿瘤位于腹侧例数明显多于RLNSS组,RLNSS组患者肿瘤位于腰侧例数明显多于TLNSS组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;TLNSS和RLNSS组手术时间分别为（168.8±70.0）min、（120.5±53.9）min,术后肠道功能恢复时间分别为（72.5±20.2）h、（53.4±15.1）h,TLNSS组手术时间、术后肠道功能恢复时间均长于RLNSS组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:经腹入路与后腹腔入路腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗RAML的方法均是安全有效的,两种手术方式各有利弊,经腹入路适合肿瘤处理难度相对较大、位于肾脏腰侧以外的患者,操作空间大,经后腹腔入路适合肿瘤位于肾脏腹侧以外的患者,术后恢复快。     

The future of “Retro” robotic partial nephrectomy

Partial nephrectomy (PN) is the gold standard treatment for appropriately selected renal masses. Recent surgical advancements and adoption of the robotic technique has led to greater adoption of nephron-sparing surgery. Robotic PN was initially described via the transperitoneal (TP) approach, however, retroperitoneal (RP) access is possible and in some cases more desirable. In the RP approach, the kidney is accessed from its posterior surface and the intraperitoneal space is avoided. The RP approach to PN has the benefit of avoiding intraperitoneal viscera and colonic mobilization in patients with extensive prior abdominal surgery. The technique also eliminates the need for renal unit rotation in patients with posterior tumors and affords access to masses directly posterior to the renal hilum. The RP and TP approach to PN have shown similar oncologic and perioperative outcomes. Several recent studies have reported shorter operative times and lengths of stay (LOS) with comparable warm ischemia times for the RP approach when compared to transperitoneal PN (tPN). Given the indispensable deliverables of this approach in select patients, robotic retroperitoneal PN (rPN) should be in the armamentarium of a versatile urologic kidney surgeon. This review describes the current state of rPN and compares the indications and outcomes of the TP and RP approaches.     

78例泌尿外科腹腔镜技术的应用

目的 总结经腹腔、后腹腔途径泌尿外科腹腔镜技术的临床经验.方法 从2003年5月至2008年5月,78例患者施行了腹腔镜下泌尿外科手术,经腹腔9例,经后腹腔69例,其中肾上腺手术12例,单纯肾切除3例,根治性肾切除1例,肾囊肿去顶术52例,多囊肾去顶减压术2例,输尿管切开取石术3例,精索静脉高位结扎术5例.结果 74例患者手术顺利完成;中转开放手术4例,其中肾上腺手术1例,肾切除1例,输尿管切开取石术1例,多囊肾去顶减压术1例;无严重并发症发生,疗效满意.术后住院时间3～15d,平均6.5d.结论 腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿外科疾病,手术安全、有效、创伤小,患者痛苦轻,术后恢复快.     

Transperitoneal guide-wire or drainage catheter placement for guidance of laparoscopic marsupialization of lymphocoeles post renal transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Lymphocoeles post renal transplantation can be difficult to see laparoscopically. The objective of this study was to report a new technique of catheter or guide-wire placement for the guidance of laparoscopic marsupialization of symptomatic post renal transplant lymphocoeles, refractory to conservative therapy. METHODS: Conventional aseptic technique under local anaesthesia was used for guide-wire or catheter insertion, with the difference being the use of a transperitoneal approach. Computerized tomography (CT) or ultrasound (US) guidance was used. All lesions were confirmed to be sterile lymphocoeles beforehand by either needle aspiration or previous catheter drainage. RESULTS: Four catheters and one guide-wire were placed pre-operatively without complication. All cases underwent satisfactory laparoscopic marsupialization. No immediate complications were noted in any patient. The drainage catheters were inserted between 5 and 19 days before laparoscopic marsupialization, and guide-wire inserted immediately before. All patients proceeded to laparoscopic marsupialization. CONCLUSIONS: This technique offers precise guidance on laparoscopic surgery, is relatively simple to perform and no complications were experienced in this study. Its use is limited to sterile and benign lesions due to the risks of peritoneal seeding, making recurrent post-operative lymphocoeles ideally suited for this application.     

Laparoscopic extraperitoneal colostomy in elective abdominoperineal resection for cancer: a single surgeon experience

Aim Parastomal herniation of end colostomies can be chronically debilitating for patients and a difficult problem to treat. To prevent parastomal hernia (PSH) formation an extraperitoneal colostomy (EPC) approach has been developed in open colorectal surgery and some studies have suggested a potential advantage to this approach. Here we describe our technique of laparoscopic extraperitoneal stoma formation and present our experience to date. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing a laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection between March 1999 and March 2011. We performed the EPC technique as follows: under laparoscopic guidance, a smooth tip instrument was used to gently separate the peritoneum from the posterior aponeurotic plane to create an extraperitoneal tunnel running from the skin incision to the left flank of the abdominal cavity to join the previously dissected paracolic gutter. The colon was exteriorized and the position was checked to ensure the absence of torsion or kinking. Results Twenty‐two patients underwent a standard laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection with total mesorectal excision. Colostomy was constructed extraperitoneally (EPC) or transperitoneally (TPC) in 12 and 10 patients respectively. There were five complications requiring operative intervention: two stomal necrosis and one surgical site infection in the TPC group and two small bowel occlusions in the EPC group. Four patients from the TPC group developed PSH at 24, 36, 48 and 72 months respectively while there were no cases of PSH in the EPC group. Conclusion Extraperitoneal laparoscopic colostomy showed a potential reduction of PSH in our series of patients.     

单孔腹腔镜在泌尿外科手术中的应用体会

目的：总结单孔腹腔镜手术在我院泌尿外科初步应用的临床经验。方法：采用单孔三通道Triport建立操作通道,使用常规腹腔镜器械完成41例单孔腹腔镜手术,其中包括单孔腹腔镜经脐双侧精索静脉高位结扎术20例,经腹膜后途径单孔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术15例,单孔腹腔镜无功能肾切除术6例。结果：所有手术均在单孔腹腔镜操作下完成,患者术后均无明显并发症发生。结论：单孔腹腔镜手术安全可靠,随着更多的临床实践,单孔腹腔镜手术具有更广阔的临床应用价值。