明胶海绵微粒TACE治疗Barcelona临床肝癌分期B期肝细胞癌对外周血中髓系来源抑制性细胞的影响

目的探讨应用明胶海绵微粒TACE(GSMs-TACE)治疗Barcelona临床肿瘤(BCLC)分期B期肝细胞癌(HCC)对患者外周血中髓系来源抑制性细胞(MDSCs)的影响。方法对5例临床确诊为BCLC B期的HCC患者(HCC组)行GSMs-TACE治疗。采用流式细胞仪分别检测患者术前、术后10天及术后30天外周血中MDSCs频率(即MDSCs细胞团占HLA-DR~-细胞群的比例)。另收集7名健康志愿者(正常对照组),于HCC组术前同期进行MDSCs频率检测。比较HCC患者术前及术后不同时间MDSCs频率的差异及HCC组术前与正常对照组同期MDSCs频率的差异。结果 HCC组GSMs-TACE术前外周血中MDSCs频率为(30.26±12.12)%,术后10天降至(10.22±3.79%),术后30天降至(7.33±3.38)%,总体差异有统计学意义(P0.001);两两比较显示术后30天(P0.001)及术后10天(P=0.011)均明显低于术前。HCC组术前MDSCs频率明显高于正常对照组同期水平[(30.26±12.12)%vs (3.41±1.89)%,t=5.876,P0.001)。结论 BCLC B期HCC患者经GSMs-TACE治疗后外周血中MDSCs频率显著降低;GSMs-TACE对患者的机体免疫功能具有正向调节作用。     

Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Mixed Aortic Valve Disease

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with pure aortic stenosis (AS) (i.e., no or trivial associated aortic regurgitation [AR]) with those in patients with AS and mild or more severe AR (i.e., mixed aortic valve disease [MAVD]).BackgroundTAVR is indicated in treating patients with severe AS. Limited data exist regarding the outcomes of TAVR in patients with MAVD.MethodsA total of 1,133 patients who underwent TAVR between January 2014 and December 2017 were included. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. The comparison was adjusted to account for post-TAVR AR development in both groups. The secondary outcomes included composite endpoints of early safety and clinical efficacy as specified in the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria. Variables were compared using Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and Fisher exact tests, while Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to compare survival.ResultsA total of 688 patients (61%) had MAVD (median age 83 years , 43% women). Among these, 17% developed mild, 2% moderate, and <1% severe post-TAVR AR. Overall, patients with MAVD had better survival compared with patients with pure AS (p = 0.03). Among patients who developed post-TAVR AR, those in the MAVD group had better survival (p = 0.04). In contrast, in patients who did not develop post-TAVR AR, pre-TAVR AR did not improve survival (p = 0.11).ConclusionsPatients with MAVD who underwent TAVR had better survival compared with patients with pure AS. This is explained by the better survival of patients with MAVD who developed post-TAVR AR, likely due to left ventricular adaptation to AR.     

海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的栓塞治疗

目的　探讨海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的治疗方法。方法　海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘共 12例 ,经颈外动脉以微粒栓塞 3例 ;以正丁基氰基丙烯酸异丁酯 (NBCA)栓塞 2例 ;经颈外动脉插入海绵窦以NBCA栓塞1例 ;经岩下窦以机械可脱性弹簧圈 (MDS)栓塞 1例 ;经眼上静脉以MDS栓塞 5例。结果　瘘口完全消失 8例 ;瘘口残留 4例 ,其中 2例瘘口残留患者 3个月后症状好转。结论　根据不同的类型 ,经静脉栓塞和经动脉栓塞均可作为海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的有效治疗方法     

颅内破裂动脉瘤电解可脱性弹簧圈血管内早期栓塞治疗

目的 探讨早期电解可脱性弹簧罔血管内栓塞颅内破裂动脉瘤的临床疗效及应用价值. 方法 回顾性分析急诊用电解町脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤208例患者的临床资料. 结果 成功栓塞208例220个颅内动脉瘤.完全栓塞(>95%)128个,大部分栓塞(80%-95%)80个,部分栓塞(<79%)12个.并发动脉瘤破裂2例.1例痊愈,1例死亡;并发脑梗死5例,局部溶栓后遗留偏瘫和单瘫;3例弹簧圈末端遗留于动脉瘤外的载瘤动脉内.经抗凝治疗未发生并发症.12例复发再次栓塞后治愈. 结论 早期电解可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤是一种较为安全、可靠、有效的治疗方法.     

Effective segmental chemoembolization of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the portal vein

Purpose: Evaluate therapeutic results of transcatheter segmental hepatic artery chemo-oily-embolization (segmental TAE) against advanced hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) accompanied by portal tumor thrombus (PTT). Methods: Segmental TAE was performed in nine patients with hepatic cirrhosis and advanced HCCs accompanied by PTT. Four subsegmental portal branches were obstructed by PTT in three patients, and two were obstructed in the remaining six patients. TAE was performed into the targeted segmental hepatic artery followed by embolization with gelatin sponge particles. Results: In one patient undergoing subsequent resection, a marked anticancer effect on the PTT was demonstrated histologically. In the eight other patients who did not undergo subsequent resection, the cumulative survival rates were 67% at 6 months, 44% at 1 year, and 22% at 2 years. No serious complications were noted. Conclusions: This therapeutic approach is thought to be a useful treatment for HCC with PTT, because it reinforces anticancer effects and can be performed more safely than conventional transcatheter arterial embolization.     

四川省大肠杆菌O157:H7分子流行病学、耐药性及对消毒剂抗性研究

目的研究从四川省分离的大肠杆菌O157：H7菌株流行病学特征。方法用多重PCR测定67株大肠杆菌O157：H7的sit、eaeA、hly毒力基因；对不同来源的大肠杆菌O157：H7进行质粒和PFGE分型；测定67株大肠杆菌O157：H7的耐药性和对消毒剂的抗力。结果62．7％的株菌（42／67）携带有毒力基因，毒力图谱类型主要为slt1＋slt2＋eaeA＋hly。67株菌共有6种质粒谱型和7种PFGE谱型。64．2％（43／67）的菌株分别对7种不同的抗生素耐药，其中有23、35、34株菌分别对氨苄青霉素、四环素和SMZ耐药。不同来源的大肠杆菌O157：H7抗性谱不同，80．6％（54／67）的菌株对酒精和季铵盐产生了抗性，所有菌株对洗必泰敏感。结论四川省不同来源的大肠杆菌O157：H7带毒率相似，但毒力基因谱型不完全相同。细菌有较高的耐药性。菌株对常用消毒剂有很高的抗性，在消毒灭菌时需要用较大剂量的消毒剂才能将其杀灭。不同来源的大肠杆菌O157：H7耐药性、质粒和PFGE谱型有一定的相似性，提示菌株可能在人、动物、食品以及外环境之间相互传播并存在流行的可能。     

术前栓塞联合显微手术治疗颈静脉球瘤

目的:评价术前介入栓塞治疗颈静脉球瘤的作用,探讨显微外科切除颈静脉球瘤的策略及技巧。方法:回顾性分析11例颈静脉球瘤患者资料,均术前行超选择性插管造影明确病变部位及其供血动脉,然后灌注聚乙烯醇颗粒(PVA颗粒)适量,2~3天后行开颅手术治疗。结果:11例患者肿瘤主要供血动脉均被栓塞,肿瘤染色消失或减轻;栓塞后行开颅手术切除,术中出血量少、显露好,全切除肿瘤9例。结论:颈静脉球瘤术前栓塞治疗对于减少术中出血有重要作用,术前栓塞联合显微外科手术是治疗颈静脉球瘤的理想方法。     

High Energy Transcatheter Cardioversion for Chronic, Poorly Tolerated Atrial Fibrillation

Between August 1991 and May 1993, 14 patients affected by chronic, poorly tolerated atrial fibrillation (AF) were submitted to high energy transcatheter Cardioversion. Mean duration of AF was 27.4 ± 45.1 months. In nine patients (56%), AF lasted for > 1 year. All patients had underlying heart disease, with a mean LVEF of 45.2%± 11.8% and a NYHA Class ≥ II. Previously, a mean of 2.9 ± 1.3 patients failed external electrical Cardioversion, with and without antiarrhythmics, have been attempted. Transcatheter conversion was performed by pulling the His-bundle catheter back in the right atrial cavity until no His bundle activity was recorded on distal poles, and then delivering the shock between a proximal electrode (cathode) and a back plate (anode). In all patients, transcatheter conversion restored sinus rhythm. Transient complete atrioventricular (AV) block was observed in four patients (28%), and treated by prophylactic temporary pacing. At 1 year, seven patients (50%) were still in sinus rhythm. In this series, only younger age could be related to AF recurrence (46.1 ± 10.8 vs 63.4 ± 6.8 years, P ≤ 0.004), even if prophylaxis with amiodarone showed a positive trend versus sinus rhythm maintenance (71 % vs 14%, P = NS). In conclusion, high energy transcatheter Cardioversion is a safe and effective method of restoring sinus rhythm in patients with chronic, poorly tolerated AF. In these patients, high energy transcatheter Cardioversion could be considered as an alternative to AV node ablation techniques, avoiding pacemaker implant and embolic risk. Larger studies are needed to determine better patient selection and delineate drug strategy after the procedure.     

Venous Sac and Feeding Artery Embolization versus Feeding Artery Embolization Alone for Treating Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations: Draining Vein Size Outcomes

PurposeTo investigate and compare venous sac and feeding artery embolization (VFE) with feeding artery embolization (FAE) alone for treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs), based on difference in outcomes in decrease of the size of the draining vein.Materials and MethodsTwenty-six patients (7 male and 19 female; median age [interquartile range], 58 years [46–65 years]) with 42 simple PAVMs treated with coil embolization between August 2005 and December 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty PAVMs were treated with FAE early in the study period and compared with 22 PAVMs treated with VFE later in the study period. Follow-up computed tomography images obtained 8–20 months after embolotherapy were used for outcome analysis. Data related to patient demographics; follow-up period; baseline diameters of the feeding artery, venous sac, and draining vein; draining vein diameter after treatment; and decrease in the size of the draining vein, including the number reaching a threshold of 70% decrease, were compared between the 2 groups.ResultsThe draining vein decreased in size by a median of 46.4% in the FAE group and 66.3% in the VFE group, and the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P = .009). There were no significant differences in the other parameters.ConclusionsVFE leads to a greater decrease in the size of the draining vein than FAE, suggesting that VFE results in more complete occlusion than FAE for treatment of PAVMs.     

伽玛刀联合肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗原发性肝癌的疗效观察

目的：观察全身伽玛刀联合肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）治疗原发性肝癌的疗效及不良反应。方法：32例原发性肝癌患者,16例行全身伽玛刀联合TACE治疗（综合组）。TACE灌注化疗药物为：丝裂霉素（MMC）10—20mg,氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）1000—1500mg,表阿霉素（E—ADM）30—50mg,栓塞剂为40％超液态碘化油5—20ml。经TACE1—2次治疗后,应用SGS—Ⅰ型立体定向伽玛射线旋转聚焦全身放射治疗系统放疗,40％-60％等剂量线包绕PTV,单次剂量3—6Gy,3—5次／wk,照射总量30—50Gy。16例单行全身伽玛刀治疗（观察组）。结果：综合组总有效率（CR＋PR）75．0％（12／16）,观察组为56．3％（9／16）。两组差异有显著性意义（P〈0．005）。综合组1年、2年生存率分别为70．2％和41．6％,观察组为58．6％和27．3％,1年、2年生存率差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。两组患者均未见到放射诱发的肝病。结论：伽玛刀联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌安全可靠,并能提高疗效,不增加不良反应。