经肝动脉化疗栓塞联合经皮微波消融序贯治疗早期肝癌的疗效及预后影响因素

目的：探讨早期肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合经皮微波凝固消融(PMCT)序贯治疗后的临床疗效及预后影响因素。方法2011年1月—2014年4月收集早期肝癌患者66例,先行TACE,5~7 d后在超声引导下行PMCT。分析术前、TACE和联合PMCT治疗后肝功能、甲胎蛋白(AFP)的变化。Kaplan-Meier计算无瘤累积生存率,Chi-square分析影响复发的高危因素,有统计学意义者引入logistic回归多因素分析。结果66例早期肝癌TACE后较术前ALT、TBIL、DBIL显著升高(P<0．01);联合PMCT后较术前AST、ALT、DBIL升高(P<0．01);联合PMCT后与TACE相比,AST升高(P<0．01), TBIL、DBIL降低(P<0．01)。联合PMCT与术前、TACE相比AFP均降低(P<0．01)。本组病例随访期间死亡1例,3年累积生存率98．5%。复发19例,1、2、3年的无瘤累积生存率分别为70．3%、50．8%、41．6%。单因素和多因素分析AFP≥100μg/L、病毒载量≥103拷贝/ml和肿瘤边界不规整是早期肝癌联合治疗后复发的危险因素(P<0．05)。结论 TACE联合PMCT序贯治疗是早期肝癌较理想的治疗方法,TACE后序贯PMCT不会影响肝功能恢复进程,AFP≥100μg/L、病毒载量≥103拷贝/ml和肿瘤边界不规整是早期肝癌TACE联合PMCT序贯治疗后复发的危险因素。     

TACE术中灌注氟尿嘧啶、奥沙利铂及吡柔比星治疗原发性肝癌的临床效果分析

目的观察评价肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合灌注奥沙利铂（OXA）、氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）及吡柔比星（THP）方案治疗原发性肝癌的疗效和安全性。方法回顾分析采用TACE术中动脉灌注OXA/5-Fu/THP化疗药物治疗的原发性肝癌患者65例,及同期行单纯肝动脉栓塞（TAE）治疗的原发性肝癌患者21例,分为TACE组和TAE组。对TACE灌注OXA/5-Fu/THP的疗效、不良反应发生率、无进展生存时间（PFS）及总生存期（OS）进行综合评价,并与单纯肝动脉栓塞进行对比分析研究。结果 TACE联合OXA/5-Fu/THP治疗的65例患者中,客观缓解率（ORR）55.4%,疾病控制率（DCR）81.5%;患者的中位PFS时间为11.5个月,中位OS时间为18.5个月;单因素分析中,Child-Pugh A级、无门脉癌栓、无肿瘤转移、肿瘤直径小及TACE治疗次数多的患者预后较好,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;巴塞罗那分期（BCLC）B期的患者预后优于C期的患者,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）;Cox多因素分析中门脉癌栓及肿瘤远处转移是患者预后的独立危险因素。与单纯TAE 相比,TACE 联合OXA/5-Fu/THP 可提高患者的mPFS。结论TACE术中动脉灌注OXA/5-Fu/THP治疗原发性肝癌的疗效较好,不良反应少。     

氩氦刀冷冻消融联合肝动脉栓塞化疗术治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效分析

目的：评价氩氦刀冷冻消融联合肝动脉栓塞化疗术（TACE）对中晚期原发性肝癌的疗效。方法回顾性分析66例临床或病理确诊原发性肝癌患者的临床资料,根据治疗方式分为TACE组31例,联合组（冷冻消融联合TACE）35例,随访时间5～35个月,通过评估完全缓解率、总有效率及生存时间等方面来比较2种方法的近、远期疗效。结果2组比较,在总有效率、完全缓解率方面,联合组均优于TACE组（P<0.05）,联合组生存期长于TACE组（P=0.038）。在0.5年、1年、2年总体生存率方面,联合组与TACE组相比,差异无统计学意义。结论对于中晚期原发性肝癌,冷冻消融联合TACE 治疗能提高患者近期疗效并延长生存期,但确切效果还有待大样本、多中心随机对照研究证实。     

Percutaneous embolization of varicocele: technique,indications, relative contraindications,and complications

There are several options for the treatment of varicocele, including surgical repair either by open or microsurgical approach, laparoscopy, or through percutaneous embolization of the internal spermatic vein. The ultimate goal of varicocele treatment relies on the occlusion of the dilated veins that drain the testis. Percutaneous embolization offers a rapid recovery and can be successfully accomplished in approximately 90% of attempts. However, the technique demands interventional radiologic expertise and has potential serious complications, including vascular perforation, coil migration, and thrombosis of pampiniform plexus. This review discusses the common indications, relative contraindications, technical details, and risks associated with percutaneous embolization of varicocele.     

不可脱球囊辅助瘤颈成型栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的探讨不可脱球囊辅助瘤颈成型技术在颅内动脉瘤栓塞治疗中的意义。方法应用该技术栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤12例,其中前循环动脉瘤9例,后循环动脉瘤3例。宽颈型10例,非宽颈型2例。结果本组完全栓塞10例,90%以上栓塞1例,90%以下栓塞1例。术中动脉瘤破裂1例,血栓形成1例,脑血管痉挛4例。1年后复查,90%以下栓塞的1例宽颈型颅内动脉瘤患者复发。平均随访18个月,除1例Ⅳ级患者轻度智力减退,语言欠流畅外,其余患者均无神经损害症状。结论球囊辅助瘤颈成型技术能明显提高动脉瘤栓塞的致密程度,降低复发率,提高栓塞治疗的安全性和治疗效果。     

Juvenile posttraumatic high-flow priapism: Current management dilemmas

High-flow priapism results from disruption of the intercavernosal artery resulting in an arteriocavernosal fistula and is rarely encountered in the pediatric and adolescent population. Clinically it manifests as a painless, prolonged erection after perineal trauma. Treatment has ranged from expectant management to open surgical exploration with vessel ligation. Internal pudendal arteriogram and superselective embolization with autologous blood clot has emerged as a safe and effective treatment modality in the young male population. Here the authors present 3 patients with high-flow priapism and discuss management of this rare clinical entity.     

Control of severe hemorrhage using C-clamp and arterial embolization in hemodynamically unstable patients with pelvic ring disruption

Introduction

Hemorrhage is the leading cause of death in patients with a pelvic fracture. The majority of blood loss derives from injured retroperitoneal veins and broad cancellous bone surfaces. The emergency management of multiply injured patients with pelvic ring disruption and severe hemorrhage remains controversial. Although it is well accepted that the displaced pelvic ring injury must be rapidly reduced and stabilized, the methods by which control of hemorrhagic shock is achieved remain under discussion. It has been proposed to exclusively use external pelvic ring stabilization for control of hemorrhage by producing a ‘tamponade effect’ of the pelvis. However, the frequency of clinically important arterial bleeding after external fixation of the pelvic ring remains unclear. We therefore undertook this retrospective review to attempt to answer this one important question: How frequently is arterial embolization necessary to control hemorrhage and restore hemodynamic stability after external pelvic ring fixation?

Materials and methods

We performed a retrospective review of 55 consecutive patients who presented with unstable types B and C pelvic ring fractures. Those patients designated as being in hemorrhagic shock (defined as a systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg after receiving 2 L of intravenous crystalloid) were treated by application of the pelvic C-clamp. Patients who remained in hemorrhagic shock, or were determined to be in severe shock (defined as mandatory catecholamines or more than 12 blood transfusions over 2 h), underwent therapeutic angiography within 24 h in order to control bleeding.

Results

Fourteen patients were identified as being hemodynamically unstable (ISS 30.1±11.3 points) and were treated with a C-clamp. In those patients with persistent hemodynamic instability, arterial embolization was performed. After C-clamp application, 5 of 14 patients required therapeutic angiography to control bleeding. Two patients died, one from multiple sources of bleeding and the other from an open pelvic fracture (total mortality 2/14, 14%).

Conclusions

Although the C-clamp is effective in controlling hemorrhage, one must be aware of the need for arterial embolization to restore hemodynamic stability in a select subgroup of patients.

     

部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的临床疗效分析

目的探讨部分脾动脉栓塞术（PSE）治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的临床疗效。方法选取我院62例肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血和脾功能亢进患者。全组均行PSE,观察手术前后外周血象变化,门静脉、脾静脉管径变化及术后并发症发生情况。结果PSE术后白细胞、血小板计数高于术前（P〈0．05）;门静脉、脾静脉管径较术前缩小（P〈0．05）,全组病例无严重并发症发生。结论PSE治疗肝硬化并脾功能亢进操作简便、创伤较小、疗效稳固,可以抢救和预防再出血,尤适用于高危病重、老年不适于手术治疗者,是值得临床推广和应用的手术方法。     

肝切除术前门静脉栓塞对围手术期影响的荟萃分析

目的：探讨肝切除术（有半肝、扩大半肝切除术）前应用门静脉栓塞（portal vein embolization,PVE）对病人围手术期的影响。方法：通过电子检索Pubmed、Medline数据库,对1986～2008年有关右半肝或扩大半肝切除术前行PVE病例的对照研究资料进行荟萃分析。结果：共纳入8篇文献．423例病人。荟萃分析结果显示．PVE手术组与单纯手术组比较,术前谷草转氨酶（AST）、总胆红素（TB）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、15min吲哚氰绿储留率（ICGR-15）及肿瘤最大直径两组间均无统计学差异（19〉0．05）;术中输血、肿瘤Rn切除及手术时间两组间均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。PVE手术组术后感染的发生率显著降低（P=0．002）,但二者在术后出血、胆瘘、肾功能衰竭及术后住院时间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：术前行PVE不能提高肝脏肿瘤的R0切除率,但能降低术后感染的发生率。     

Minimum maximum temperature gradient coil design

Ohmic heating is a serious problem in gradient coil operation. A method is presented for redesigning cylindrical gradient coils to operate at minimum peak temperature, while maintaining field homogeneity and coil performance. To generate these minimaxT coil windings, an existing analytic method for simulating the spatial temperature distribution of single layer gradient coils is combined with a minimax optimization routine based on sequential quadratic programming. Simulations are provided for symmetric and asymmetric gradient coils that show considerable improvements in reducing maximum temperature over existing methods. The winding patterns of the minimaxT coils were found to be heavily dependent on the assumed thermal material properties and generally display an interesting “fish‐eye” spreading of windings in the dense regions of the coil. Small prototype coils were constructed and tested for experimental validation and these demonstrate that with a reasonable estimate of material properties, thermal performance can be improved considerably with negligible change to the field error or standard figures of merit. Magn Reson Med 70:584–594, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.