生物杀虫剂对不同车型旅客列车德国小蠊现场灭效研究

目的了解生物杀虫剂对旅客列车德国小蠊的现场杀灭效果。方法在旅客列车上施用生物杀虫剂,用粘贴法测定灭蟑前后的蟑密度。结果灭蟑前后的蟑密度有显著性差异。结论生物杀虫剂对旅客列车的各种车型的德国小蠊有较好的杀灭效果。     

Characteristics of adaptation of muscle stretch receptors of dynamic type

Experiments on cats with a de-efferented triceps surae muscle showed that some stretch receptors of dynamic type adapt quickly within the first few seconds after stretching of the muscle and its keeping at the new length, whereas other receptors reveal two components of adaptation — fast and slow. Units with different types of adaptation are found in the same muscle; their afferents belong mainly to group I, although there is a zone of overlapping with group II afferents. These differences are manifested at high values of initial stretching of the muscle. It is suggested that the slow component of adaptation is based on a mechanical factor depending on the visco-elastic properties of the tissues in the region of the sensory nerve endings.Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 63, No. 11, pp. 1545–1552, November, 1977.     

三维快速牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症100例临床观察

目的为观察三维快速牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法入院后第3天采用三维快速牵引治疗。各参数由微机控制。结果快速三维牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症总有效率达93.00％。结论三维快速牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症不仅安全有效,而且病程越短疗效越好。     

旅客列车不同剂型灭蟑药物的药效及成本效益分析

目的：探讨旅客列车蜚蠊侵害情况及化学防制效果,筛选高效、廉价杀虫剂。方法：用药激法调查蜚蠊密度,再用４种药物杀灭,并比较其成本效益。结果：调查１２列列车,有蜚蠊侵害的占５８．３％。侵害场所包括硬座、软座、硬卧、软卧、餐车,以餐车密度最高。所用气雾剂、喷雾剂、毒饵及烟雾剂４种剂型药物,杀灭率均在９３％以上。结论：列车蜚蠊侵害较为严重,４种剂型药物均有良好灭蟑效果,以毒饵所耗人力、成本最少。     

旅客列车卧铺车厢臭虫侵害调查

目的掌握旅客列车臭虫侵害状况及其变化规律,为臭虫防治策略提供依据。方法现场调查。结果广州铁路旅客列车臭虫侵害虫种为热带臭虫,分布于YW25T和YW25G车型,侵害程度由2011年6月的2.45%上升到2012年6月的14.07%(χ2=32.239,P0.05);观察期间,阳性上、中、下铺平均构成比分别为15%、48%、37%,阳性上、中、下铺臭虫密度指数中位数分别为3.50、3.46、5.59只/床,三者密度指数不尽相同(χ2=6.443,P0.05);不同时期臭虫侵害部位及好发部位不同。结论旅客列车臭虫侵害在广度上、深度上呈长期扩散趋势,臭虫防治工作中应注重不同阶段的重点。     

Influence of Vehicle Number on the Dynamic Characteristics of High-Speed Train-CRTS III Slab Track-Subgrade Coupled System

In this paper, a high-speed train–CRTS III slab track–subgrade coupled dynamic model is established. With the model, the influence of vehicle number on the dynamic characteristics of a train–CRTS III slab track–subgrade coupled system with smooth and random track irregularity conditions for conventional and vibration-reduction CRTS III slab tracks are theoretically studied and analyzed. Some conclusions are drawn from the results: (1) the largest dynamic responses of the coupled system for all items and cases are no longer changed when the vehicle number exceeds three, and three vehicles are adequate to guarantee the simulation precision to investigate the dynamic responses of the coupled system. (2) The acceleration of the car body has almost no relation with the vehicle number, and only one vehicle is needed to study the vehicle dynamics using the train–CRTS III slab track–subgrade coupled dynamic model. (3) For the conventional CRTS III slab track on a subgrade, the vehicle number has a negligible influence on the accelerations of the rail, slab, and concrete base, the positive and negative bending moments of the rail, the compressive force of the fastener, and the positive bending stress of slab, but it has a large influence on the tension force of the fastener, and the negative bending stresses of the slab and concrete base. Only one vehicle is needed to study track dynamics without considering the tension force of the fastener, the negative bending stresses of the slab and concrete base, otherwise, two or more vehicles are required. (4) For vibration reduction of the CRTS III slab track on a subgrade, the number of vehicles has some influence on the dynamic responses of all track components, and at least two vehicles are required to investigate the track dynamics.     

高铁动车车厢环境卫生状况调查研究

目的了解高铁动车车厢环境卫生状况,为进一步做好高铁动车卫生管理工作及建立高铁动车车厢环境卫生规范提供依据。方法搜集江苏铁路地区2010-2014年夏季期间高铁动车与普通空调旅客列车卫生监测数据,并对监测数据进行统计分析。结果高铁动车一等座车厢与二等座车厢环境状况测定结果均值比较,二氧化碳浓度、细菌总数差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而且二氧化碳合格率比较两者间差异也有统计学意义(P0.05)。高铁动车与普通空调旅客列车车内环境状况测定结果均值比较,温度、相对湿度、一氧化碳浓度、二氧化碳浓度、细菌总数、照度差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而且温度、相对湿度、二氧化碳合格率比较两者间差异也有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高铁动车车厢环境质量状况总体良好,高铁动车的运行环境优于普通空调旅客列车。建议在GB9673-1996《公共交通工具卫生标准》中,修订噪声项目,增加高频电磁场和工频电磁场项目,并且制定相应的检验方法。