张立平教授治疗消化道术后胃肠功能紊乱经验

消化道术后胃肠功能紊乱影响着患者们的生活质量。张立平教授认为术后胃肠功能紊乱，证属本虚标实，临床治疗当从调理中焦-脾胃肝为切入点，强调"脾胃为本""中焦一体"的治疗思路，总结出脾胃虚弱、肝郁脾虚两个证型，临证时以培土达木为基本治疗原则，辨证论治，临床疗效显著。     

探析新型冠状病毒肺炎的眼表损害及中西医治疗对策＊

新型冠状病毒肺炎（corona virus disease 2019，COVID-19）自2019年12月爆发以来，由于具有高传染性，迅速在世界各地蔓延，国内外疫情防治形势空前严峻。COVID-19不仅造成肺部、肠道、肾脏等多脏器损害，且部分患者以眼表损害为首发或伴发症状出现，临床上很容易被忽视。COVID-19的眼表损害归属于祖国医学“天行赤眼”范畴，本文结合国内外最新的文献报道，探讨新型冠状病毒（2019 novel corona virus，2019-nCoV）对眼表的损害，阐明其可能机制，并从中西医角度提出可行的治疗措施。     

基于血清代谢组学技术考察通阳化浊方与四妙勇安汤治疗冠心病模型家兔的作用机制＊

目的 通过血清代谢组学技术，考察通阳化浊方与四妙勇安汤在治疗冠心病家兔中的作用机制。方法 40只雄性白兔，随机分为空白组、模型组、通阳化浊方组与四妙勇安汤组4组，每组10只。空白组正常饮食，模型组给予高脂饲料喂养至第8周，于第4周结束后，用球囊法手术损伤实验兔的右侧颈总动脉；在模型组基础上，两个实验组分别在术后，灌胃给予通阳化浊方和四妙勇安汤，连续4周，每日1次。给药结束后，模型组与实验组每组抽取3只家兔，采集全血后，用LC-MS技术进行血清代谢组学检测，运用PCA与OPLS-DA分析法来寻找差异性表达的代谢物和代谢途径。结果 相较于模型组，通阳化浊方与四妙勇安汤组分别存在45和27个差异化合物，通阳化浊方组涉及18条代谢通路，根据Impact值 > 0.05筛选出5条主要代谢通路，包括精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、组氨酸代谢、牛磺酸和牛磺酸代谢、精氨酸生物合成和α-亚麻酸代谢；四妙勇安汤组涉及11条代谢通路，筛选出2条主要代谢通路分别为牛磺酸和牛磺酸代谢、组氨酸代谢。结论 通阳化浊方与四妙勇安汤在治疗冠心病模型家兔的过程中存在差异性代谢产物，干预相应的代谢通路可能会对药物在模型中的作用产生影响。     

快速康复护理、中医特色护理对卵巢癌的效果

目的分析快速康复护理联合中医特色护理在卵巢癌围手术期护理中应用效果。方法选择本院100例2018年7月-2019年2月卵巢癌患者。随机分组,快速康复护理组采取快速康复护理,快速康复护理联合中医特色护理组则采取快速康复护理联合中医针灸推拿护理。比较两组护理满意度;卵巢癌疼痛以及不良反应好转的时间;治疗前后患者中医证候积分、QOL量表评分值。结果快速康复护理联合中医特色护理组护理满意度、卵巢癌疼痛以及不良反应好转的时间、中医证候积分、QOL量表评分值相比较快速康复护理组更好,P <0.05。结论快速康复护理联合中医针灸推拿护理卵巢癌效果确切,可改善并发症和缓解疼痛,改善生存质量。     

中药穴位敷贴联合中药汤剂治疗糖尿病周围神经病变临床观察

目的探究糖尿病周围神经病变患者开展中药穴位敷贴联合中药汤剂治疗的效果。方法研究时限为2017年8月—2018年11月,研究对象为此期间收治的糖尿病周围神经病变患者42例,将其随机分为常规组(21例)、中药组(21例),分别开展常规治疗、中药穴位敷贴+中药汤剂治疗,比较治疗结果。结果2组患者治疗前中医证候积分、TCSS(多伦多临床评分)相近(P>0.05),治疗后中药组患者以上评分均较常规组具鲜明优势(P<0.05);常规组患者不良反应发生率为14.3%,与中药组0.0%相比,未见鲜明差异(P>0.05)。结论予糖尿病周围神经病变患者开展中药穴位敷贴联合中药汤剂治疗,效果安全有效。     

针药并用治疗双心疾病的应用

随着对于双心疾病研究的加深,西医疗法的弊端也开始显现。而中医因其理论架构中早就有对于“心主血脉”和“心主神明”的认识,因此在双心疾病的治疗上有着先天的优势。同时近些年中医疗法的结合应用也取得不错的成绩,本文通过对于双心疾病的病例分析,来研讨这种治疗手段的合理性和先进性。     

Altered Mental Status as the Primary Presentation of Intussusception in a 3-Month-Old Child Diagnosed by Point-Of-Care Ultrasonography

BackgroundIntussusception can lead to significant morbidity in affected children secondary to tissue ischemia and necrosis. When a child outside of the classic age range presents with symptoms other than intermittent abdominal pain, the diagnosis of intussusception can be difficult and is often delayed.Case ReportWe present the case of a three-month-old boy who presented to the emergency department with waxing and waning mental status and seizure-like activity who was ultimately diagnosed with intussusception. The effective use of bedside ultrasonography, by the attending pediatric radiologist, enabled an interdisciplinary team to explore abdominal etiologies in parallel with testing for more commonly seen causes of altered mental status. This led to an expedited diagnosis and successful definitive management.Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This?Intussusception is a common pediatric emergency encountered by emergency physicians where a timely diagnosis can have a profound impact on patient outcomes. Previous case reports highlight how easily intussusception can be overlooked with this atypical neurologic presentation. Furthermore, because patients with profound altered mental status are often too ill to leave the emergency department for diagnostic testing, bedside abdominal ultrasonography may be helpful in these patients.     

中华传统文化视角下疾病终末期患者尊严模型解析

目的:解析加拿大Chochinov疾病终末期患者尊严模型在中华文化情境下的适用性,并基于此对模型进行调适。方法:采用内容分析法,按照选定分析范围、抽取样本、确定分析单位和分析框架、资料分析四步完成。首先检索中、英文数据库中以中华文化背景下临终尊严为主题的文献,然后以尊严模型为框架对文献内容进行编码、归纳和分析。结果:尊严模型包含的多数主题符合我国临终患者的认知,如身体功能、医疗不确定性、死亡焦虑、隐私界限、照护要旨、他人负担、后事担忧等。但也出现了矛盾的主题,如忍受痛苦、自主性等,以及新的主题,包括家庭支持、病耻感和财务担忧。结论:加拿大版疾病终末期患者尊严模型并不完全符合中国文化,调适后的尊严模型更具我国文化特色,但仍需实证研究对模型进行验证。     

Manipulation and free will in shared decision making

In recent years, there has been an increased focus on patient involvement in treatment planning in the health care system. To reduce the risk of the clinician moving towards paternalism, various methods have been introduced—shared decision making, among others. The goal of shared decision making is for the clinician and patient to share available evidence on the best treatment and to raise awareness on the needs and preferences of the patient as to make a genuinely informed choice. However, in the present article, we discuss to which degree paternalism can be avoided in light of the clinician's role as an authority with certain knowledge and expertise. Through the philosophical theory of reasons‐responsiveness, we discuss to which extend free will and control applies to the patient. Through theoretical analysis, we come to suggest that the clinician has a role as an ally rather than manipulator.     

The role of geriatric palliative care in hospitalized older adults

ABSTRACT

Take-Away Points:

1. Geriatric palliative care requires integrating the disciplines of hospital medicine and palliative care in pursuit of delivering comprehensive, whole-person care to aging patients with serious illnesses.

2. Older adults have unique palliative care needs compared to the general population, different prevalence and intensity of symptoms, more frequent neuropsychiatric challenges, increased social needs, distinct spiritual, religious, and cultural considerations, and complex medicolegal and ethical issues.

3. Hospital-based palliative care interdisciplinary teams can take many forms and provide high-quality, goal-concordant care to older adults and their families.