腰椎多方位快速牵引与腰椎纵向牵引临床疗效的对比研究

目的:本研究的目的是通过与腰椎纵向牵引比较,评价多方位快速牵引的临床疗效。方法:本研究为前瞻性随机对照研究。120例确诊为腰椎间盘突出症的患者被随机分为2组,分别进行多方位快速牵引和纵向牵引的治疗,在治疗前、治疗后4周和1年后进行活动能力(RMDQ)、疼痛程度(VAS)和直腿抬高试验(SLRangle)检查。RMDQ提高超过3分,VAS提高超过20分,就被认为临床有效。结果:多方位快速牵引和纵向牵引均可使腰椎间盘突出症患者的RMDQ,VAS和SLR angle评分产生明显的改善(均有P<0.05),两种方法的改善效果相似(P>0.05),但前者对活动能力(RMDQ)的改善更明显(P<0.05)。临床疗效与患者的年龄、病程有关,但与突出大小、突出节段和类型的关系不大。所有的患者在治疗1年后症状都没有恶化。结论:多方位快速牵引可更好的改善患者症状,且疗程短、见效快,是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的一种良好的保守疗法。     

玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征的手术疗效简

目的分析玻璃体切除术治疗玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征的疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2012年12月经频域相干光断层扫描检查确诊并接受玻璃体切除术治疗的22例（22只眼）玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征患者的临床资料。患者术后平均随访8个月（1—51个月）,观察手术前后最佳矫正视力和黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度的变化情况。结果22只眼中有12只眼（54．5％）为视力明显改善,6只眼（27．3％）为视力轻微改善;3只眼（13．6％）为视力不变;1只眼（4．5％）为视力下降。其中视力达到0．3及以上者所占比例由术前的13．6％增加至术后的59．1％。术前黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度为（545±175）μm,术后平均厚度为（220±105）μm,术后黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度较术前明显减少（P〈0．01）。结论玻璃体切除手术是治疗玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征的有效方法。     

内固定物置入分期矫形治疗重度僵硬脊柱侧凸

背景：重度脊柱侧凸是目前临床治疗的难点,目前研究表明分期矫形治疗是一种安全有效的治疗手段。目的：分析分期矫形在治疗重度脊柱侧弯中的疗效。方法：对10例重度僵硬的脊柱侧凸分期矫形治疗进行回顾性分析,平均年龄12岁。冠状面Cobb角110°-180°,平均140°,矢状位后凸Cobb角50°-100°,平均75°,均采用1期前路松解,2期行Halo-plevic环牵引,3期后路截骨矫形内固定物治疗。结果与结论：所有病例均顺利完成手术治疗,无严重并发症发生,1期前路松解及2期牵引治疗术后冠状位Cobb角平均90°,矫正率为35.7%,矢状位Cobb角50°,矫正率为33.3%;3期截骨矫形后冠状位Cobb角平均40°,矫正率为71.4%,矢状位Cobb角35°,矫正率为53.3%。结果说明对于重度僵硬脊柱侧凸畸形,分期矫形治疗是有效安全的治疗手段。     

肠系膜牵拉综合征的研究进展

背景 肠系膜牵拉综合征(mesenteric traction syndrome,MTS)在腹部手术中发生率较高,会引起术中低血压和心动过速,对麻醉管理带来一定程度的挑战. 目的 探寻MTS的发生机制和防治措施. 内容 前列环素和组胺参与MTS的发生.非选择性环氧化酶(cyclooxygenase,COX)抑制剂、组胺受体阻滞剂以及血管活性药物在临床上被用于MTS的预防和治疗. 趋向 对MTS发生机制的进一步研究,将有助于筛选MTS的易感人群以及实施更加合理有效的防治措施.     

麦肯基疗法联合骨盆倾斜腰椎牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床研究

目的分析麦肯基疗法联合骨盆倾斜腰椎牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法选取符合入选条件的腰椎间盘突出症患者80例,采用随机双盲对照试验(疗效评估者与患者对治疗不知情),将患者随机分为试验组(40例)和对照组(40例)。试验组患者接受麦肯基疗法联合骨盆倾斜腰椎牵引治疗,而治疗组仅采取单纯麦肯基疗法治疗。分别评估治疗前、1个疗程和3个疗程后患者的中医病证诊断疗效和视觉模拟评分(VAS)。结果 (1)1个疗程后,试验组的治疗有效率为60%,而对照组为55%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而3个疗程后,试验组的治疗有效率(82.5%)要远高于对照组(62.5%),且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)1和3个疗程后,试验组和对照组患者VAS评分相对治疗前,均有明显改善,且试验组的改善程度均明显优于对照组。结论麦肯基疗法联合骨盆倾斜腰椎牵引在腰椎间盘突出症治疗后期能够更有效地改善腰椎间盘突出症患者的症状和功能,值得临床推广。     

颌间牵引钉对比牙弓夹板颌间牵引联合微型钛板坚固内固定治疗颌骨骨折临床分析

目的：探讨颌间牵引钉对比牙弓夹板行颌间牵引术联合微型钛板坚固内固定治疗颌骨骨折的临床疗效对比观察。方法：将2007年-2011年收治的82例颌骨骨折患者随即分为颌间牵引钉纽和牙弓夹板组,牙弓夹板组采用微型钛板坚固内固定联合牙弓夹板牵引治疗,颌间牵引钉组采用微型钛板坚固内固定联合颌间牵引钉牵引治疗。治疗后比较术后疗效;并在5个时间点测定DI、GI、CPITN指数。结果：经治疗后颌间牵引钉组总有效率为85．37％,牙夹板组总有效率为和78．02％,颌间牵引钉组总体疗效优于牙弓夹板组（Х^2=10．015,P〈0．05）;2组的DI、GI指数经治疗后均上升,但牙弓夹板组上升显著（P〈0．01）;术后两组CPITN指数。颌间牵引钉纽基本无变化,牙弓夹板纽显著升高（P〈0．01）。结论：领间牵引钉领间牵引联合微型钛板坚固内固定治疗领骨骨折治愈率高、治疗过程安全且对牙周组织不良刺激小。适合进行临床推广。     

CT量化评分评估寰枢椎脱位及合并颅底凹陷症寰枢椎脱位复位难易程度的可行性研究

目的:探讨应用CT量化评分评估寰枢椎脱位(atantoaxial dislocatiion,AAD)及合并颅底凹陷症(basilar invagination,BI)的AAD复位难易程度的可行性,为手术决策提供指导.方法:2018年3月～2019年12月,对88例AAD(BI/AAD)患者入院后行颈椎CT扫描,依据定义...     

Vimentin intermediate filaments and filamentous actin form unexpected interpenetrating networks that redefine the cell cortex

The cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells is primarily composed of networks of filamentous proteins, F-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Interactions among the cytoskeletal components are important in determining cell structure and in regulating cell functions. For example, F-actin and microtubules work together to control cell shape and polarity, while the subcellular organization and transport of vimentin intermediate filament (VIF) networks depend on their interactions with microtubules. However, it is generally thought that F-actin and VIFs form two coexisting but separate networks that are independent due to observed differences in their spatial distribution and functions. In this paper, we present a closer investigation of both the structural and functional interplay between the F-actin and VIF cytoskeletal networks. We characterize the structure of VIFs and F-actin networks within the cell cortex using structured illumination microscopy and cryo-electron tomography. We find that VIFs and F-actin form an interpenetrating network (IPN) with interactions at multiple length scales, and VIFs are integral components of F-actin stress fibers. From measurements of recovery of cell contractility after transient stretching, we find that the IPN structure results in enhanced contractile forces and contributes to cell resilience. Studies of reconstituted networks and dynamic measurements in cells suggest direct and specific associations between VIFs and F-actin. From these results, we conclude that VIFs and F-actin work synergistically, both in their structure and in their function. These results profoundly alter our understanding of the contributions of the components of the cytoskeleton, particularly the interactions between intermediate filaments and F-actin.

The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic structure composed of multiple types of filamentous proteins. In eukaryotic cells, actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments (IFs) each form intricate networks of entangled and cross-linked filaments. The organization of each individual network is precisely controlled to enable essential cellular functions. However, many core processes also require interactions among the different cytoskeletal components. For example, filamentous-actin (F-actin) and microtubules work together to control cell shape and polarity, which are critical for development, cell migration, and division. Close associations between microtubules and vimentin IFs (VIFs) have also been proposed based on similarities in their spatial distributions and the dependence of the organization of VIF networks on the microtubule-associated motors, kinesin and dynein (1–3). Indeed, there is some experimental evidence that microtubules can template VIF assembly and that VIFs can guide microtubules (4, 5), while VIFs stabilize microtubules in vitro (6). In addition, in stratified epithelial cells, a subplasmalemmal rim of keratin IFs can be localized just below the actin cortex, suggesting cooperativity of keratin and actin networks in regulating cell mechanics (7). Despite such interactions, VIFs and F-actin are generally thought to form two coexisting but separate networks. For example, fluorescence microscopy typically reveals the strongest signals for F-actin in the cell periphery, whereas the strongest signals for VIFs are near the nucleus in the bulk cytoplasm, suggesting that the two networks have little or no interaction. Furthermore, the functions of F-actin and VIFs appear to be largely contrasting: F-actin generates forces, whereas VIFs provide stability against these forces. Nevertheless, some evidence suggests there may be connections between vimentin and actin: for example, vimentin knockout cells are less motile and less contractile than their wild-type (WT) counterparts (8). Furthermore, some interactions have been observed between F-actin and VIFs (9–11) as well as the precursors to keratin, another IF system (12). These findings suggest that direct interactions or connections may exist between VIFs and F-actin. However, there have been no reports of direct observations of these interactions through imaging or other means, which would provide conclusive evidence of their significance. Such connections would belie our current understanding of the two independent cytoskeletal networks but could have a profound effect on the mechanical properties of cells. The possibility of such connections demands a closer investigation of both the structural and functional interplay between the F-actin and VIF cytoskeletal networks.Here we present evidence that VIFs and F-actin do work synergistically and form an interpenetrating network (IPN) structure within the cell cortex, defined as the cortical cytoplasm adjacent to the cell surface. We combine high-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) to image mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and observe coupling between F-actin and VIF structures within the cortex, contrary to the widely accepted view that they are each spatially segregated. In fact, the association of VIFs with cortical arrays of F-actin stress fibers occurs at multiple length scales. For example, VIFs run through and frequently appear to interconnect with adjacent stress fibers, forming meshworks that surround them. These organizational states are consistent with the formation of an IPN. We show that this IPN structure has important functional consequences in cells and can result in enhanced contractile forces. Moreover, our results indicate that specific associations exist between actin and vimentin proteins in the cytoplasmic environment, which may facilitate the formation of an IPN; the results also show that the VIF network can influence the diffusive behavior of actin monomers, which may, in turn, have downstream effects on other actin-driven processes. Thus, vimentin has a far more comprehensive role in cellular function than previously thought. These findings confirm the importance of the interplay between VIFs and F-actin, especially as it relates to the formation of IPNs and their consequences on the contractile nature of cells.     

指套牵引联合手法复位外固定治疗老年桡骨远端骨折的临床效果

目的 对比指套牵引联合手法复位外固定与单纯手法复位外固定治疗老年桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取2022年3月—2023年3月于天津大学天津医院就诊的老年桡骨远端骨折患者1000例,以随机数字表法均分为指套牵引联合手法复位组和单纯手法复位组。在手法复位后2天、1周、2周、4周、8周、12周及20周对两组患者的腕关节活动度、疼痛、Gartland-Werley腕关节评分进行比较。结果:排除脱落病例后,指套牵引联合手法复位组纳入487例,手法复位组491例。相比于单纯手法复位,指套牵引联合手法复位显著提升了背伸(P=0.024)、尺偏(P<0.001)、掌屈(P=0.003)活动度,降低了复位8周(P<0.001)、12周(P=0.022)、20周(P=0.002)时患者的Gartland-Werley腕功能评分,但没有显著抑制随访期中患者的主观疼痛。结论:指套牵引联合手法复位外固定可部分地提高老年桡骨远端骨折患者复位后腕关节的活动度及功能。