来自基底前脑HDB的胆碱能神经纤维在嗅球中的分布

目的:了解基底前脑胆碱能神经纤维在嗅球中的分布.方法:进行逆向神经示踪实验和脑立体定位注射AAV病毒,观察嗅球和基底前脑的投射关系.结果:将逆向示踪染料注射到嗅球的腹侧部,在基底前脑的HDB核团观察到吸收染料的神经元胞体.注射了病毒的转基因小鼠,其HDB区域的胆碱能神经元表达mCherry,在嗅球的EPL和IPL观察到mCherry的信号.结论:基底前脑的HDB向嗅球提供离心投射,胆碱能纤维主要投射到嗅球的EPL和IPL.     

基于WORD2003电子病历数据的追溯统计方法与程序设计

论述了基于WORD2003文件形式存储的电子病历数据追溯与统计的程序设计,通过对WORD2003文件的遍历和读取,实现数据元的匹配,并实现患者与科室文件名称、文件路径和数据元统计信息的对应,便于实现数据信息的追溯。此程序的设计实现,操作较灵活,可以针对WORD2003任意路径、多数据元同时统计,并按格式显示和输出,便于使用者对基于WORD形成的历史病历数据实现二次整理和分析。     

大鼠端脑内核团向黑质的传入纤维联系

目的 研究大鼠端脑内核团向黑质的传入纤维联系。方法 应用荧光金（nuorogold,FG）逆行标记法技术将FG泳入一侧黑质,观察双侧端脑内的FG标记细胞分布。结果在泳入区同侧的额叶、颞叶、顶叶、岛叶、伏謦、终纹床核、杏仁中央核、隔核、尾壳核、苍白球、腹侧苍白球、脚内核见到FG逆行标记细胞。结论 大鼠端脑内存在丰富核团向黑质投射。     

Cluster of Ebola Virus Disease,Bong and Montserrado Counties,Liberia

Lack of trust in government-supported services after the death of a health care worker with symptoms of Ebola resulted in ongoing Ebola transmission in 2 Liberia counties. Ebola transmission was facilitated by attempts to avoid cremation of the deceased patient and delays in identifying and monitoring contacts.     

Tuberculosis Microepidemics among Dispersed Migrants,Birmingham, UK, 2004–2013

To determine if local transmission was responsible for rising tuberculosis incidence in a recently dispersed migrant community in Birmingham, UK, during 2004–2013, we conducted enhanced epidemiologic investigation of molecular clusters. This technique identified exact locations of social mixing and chains of apparent recent transmission, which can be helpful for directing resources.     

血清抗体检测在一起本地传播新冠肺炎聚集性疫情溯源调查中的应用

目的 在深圳市一起本地传播COVID - 19聚集性疫情溯源调查中，对重点涉疫人群开展抗体检测，帮助明确疫情扩散范围，追踪可能的源头。方法 采用流行病学调查、大数据手段锁定重点涉疫人群，除对其开展SARS - COV - 2核酸检测外，采用化学发光法检测抗体，对阳性者进一步开展流行病学调查和中和抗体检测，判断其在疫情传播中的作用。结果 该疫情的9名个案在病程中均检测到IgM抗体、IgG抗体阳性。5 606名涉疫人员检测了抗体，26人阳性，初筛阳性率为0.47%，其中11人IgG抗体阳性，15人IgM抗体阳性；但中和抗体实验和核酸检测均阴性。3人曾经出现过呼吸道症状，均否认与深港货车司机、国外入境人员、冷冻进口货物和发热呼吸道病例接触史。某口岸附近小区阳性率高于其他场所，差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 8.29，P = 0.004）。结论 通过核酸和抗体检测结果可判断，本起疫情传播范围较为局限；化学发光抗体检测法有一定假阳性率，可以作为新冠肺炎疫情溯源调查的辅助方法，对有流行病学史的涉疫人员进行筛查，但不宜对一般人群进行大规模筛查。     

Societal Effects Are a Major Factor for the Uptake of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Digital Contact Tracing App in The Netherlands

ObjectivesOur study investigates the extent to which uptake of a COVID-19 digital contact-tracing (DCT) app among the Dutch population is affected by its configurations, its societal effects, and government policies toward such an app.MethodsWe performed a discrete choice experiment among Dutch adults including 7 attributes, that is, who gets a notification, waiting time for testing, possibility for shops to refuse customers who have not installed the app, stopping condition for contact tracing, number of people unjustifiably quarantined, number of deaths prevented, and number of households with financial problems prevented. The data were analyzed by means of panel mixed logit models.ResultsThe prevention of deaths and financial problems of households had a very strong influence on the uptake of the app. Predicted app uptake rates ranged from 24% to 78% for the worst and best possible app for these societal effects. We found a strong positive relationship between people’s trust in government and people’s propensity to install the DCT app.ConclusionsThe uptake levels we find are much more volatile than the uptake levels predicted in comparable studies that did not include societal effects in their discrete choice experiments. Our finding that the societal effects are a major factor in the uptake of the DCT app results in a chicken-or-the-egg causality dilemma. That is, the societal effects of the app are severely influenced by the uptake of the app, but the uptake of the app is severely influenced by its societal effects.     

Hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortical volume is associated with overnight declarative memory consolidation independent of specific sleep oscillations

The current study was designed to further clarify the influence of brain morphology, sleep oscillatory activity and age on memory consolidation. Specifically, we hypothesized, that a smaller volume of hippocampus, parahippocampal and medial prefrontal cortex negatively impacts declarative, but not procedural, memory consolidation. Explorative analyses were conducted to demonstrate whether a decrease in slow‐wave activity negatively impacts declarative memory consolidation, and whether these factors mediate age effects on memory consolidation. Thirty‐eight healthy participants underwent an acquisition session in the evening and a retrieval session in the morning after night‐time sleep with polysomnographic monitoring. Declarative memory was assessed with the paired‐associate word list task, while procedural memory was tested using the mirror‐tracing task. All participants underwent high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Participants with smaller hippocampal, parahippocampal and medial prefrontal cortex volumes displayed a reduced overnight declarative, but not procedural memory consolidation. Mediation analyses showed significant age effects on overnight declarative memory consolidation, but no significant mediation effects of brain morphology on this association. Further mediation analyses showed that the effects of age and brain morphology on overnight declarative memory consolidation were not mediated by polysomnographic variables or sleep electroencephalogram spectral power variables. Thus, the results suggest that the association between age, specific brain area volume and overnight memory consolidation is highly relevant, but does not necessarily depend on slow‐wave sleep as previously conceptualized.     

区域性消毒供应中心的网格化集中式管理

目的探讨网格化集中式管理模式在区域性消毒供应中心的运用效果。方法采用互联网结合WiFi无线网络技术,移动PDA技术,二维条形码技术,建立闸北区区域性消毒供应中心网络系统,闸北区内28个基层医疗机构均是管理系统里的一个网格,采用网格化集中管理模式进行管理,并与常规集中式管理进行效果比较。结果网格化集中式管理模式下消毒供应工作流程中回收、去污、消毒、包装、灭菌、储存和运送质量检查合格率,医疗机构满意率显著高于常规集中式管理,各岗位每人每小时消毒灭菌包个数显著多于常规集中式管理(均P0.01)。结论网格化集中式管理模式应用于区域化消毒供应中心可提高基层医院消毒物品质量,提高工作效率,达到资源共享和质量追溯。