帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对髋关节置换术患者IL-6和TNF-α的影响

目的：探讨帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对髋关节置换术后患者炎症细胞因子的影响,并进一步观察术后镇痛效果。方法本组患者60例,年龄40~65岁,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,择期在全麻下行髋关节置换术。随机分成观察组和对照组,每组30例。麻醉前20 min观察组静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg（用生理盐水稀释成4 mL）,对照组静脉注射生理盐水4 mL。分别于静推帕瑞昔布钠或生理盐水前10 min（T1）、术毕（T2）、术后6 h（T3）、术后12 h（T4）、术后24 h（T5）采上肢静脉血样,测定IL-6、TNF-α的血浆浓度。采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评价术毕即刻、术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h镇痛效果。结果患者血浆IL-6浓度于T3、T4、T5时点较术前显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组血浆IL-6浓度于T3、T4、T5时点比对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。患者血浆TNF-α浓度于T4、T5时点较术前显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组血浆TNF-α浓度在T4、T5时间点比对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组患者在术毕即刻、术后2 h、6 h、12 h VAS评分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛可有效缓解全髋关节置换术患者术后疼痛,抑制炎性介质释放,降低神经系统敏感性,利于患者术后康复。     

Statistical Methods for the Analysis of Food Composition Databases: A Review

Evidence-based knowledge of the relationship between foods and nutrients is needed to inform dietary-based guidelines and policy. Proper and tailored statistical methods to analyse food composition databases (FCDBs) could assist in this regard. This review aims to collate the existing literature that used any statistical method to analyse FCDBs, to identify key trends and research gaps. The search strategy yielded 4238 references from electronic databases of which 24 fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Information on the objectives, statistical methods, and results was extracted. Statistical methods were mostly applied to group similar food items (37.5%). Other aims and objectives included determining associations between the nutrient content and known food characteristics (25.0%), determining nutrient co-occurrence (20.8%), evaluating nutrient changes over time (16.7%), and addressing the accuracy and completeness of databases (16.7%). Standard statistical tests (33.3%) were the most utilised followed by clustering (29.1%), other methods (16.7%), regression methods (12.5%), and dimension reduction techniques (8.3%). Nutrient data has unique characteristics such as correlated components, natural groupings, and a compositional nature. Statistical methods used for analysis need to account for this data structure. Our summary of the literature provides a reference for researchers looking to expand into this area.     

流感传播的统计力学效应模拟分析

目的 为了解流感的传播的统计力学机制.方法 我们分析了各地流感监测资料,建立了流感传播的统计力学理论及相应的文字模式,并运用该模式对流感传播的立体空间和强度进行了数值讨论.结果 本文提出流感传播过程中,该病的发生发展以及传播在统计力学中的三维立体空间上下、左右、前后模拟大量微子宏观运动规律,流感在传播过程中起传播速度和强度具有明显的力学分布特征.结论 该理论和模型很可能适用于流感的流行以及其它的传染性疾病,有可能被进一步应用到现实生活中.     

Habitual Total Drinking Fluid Intake Did Not Affect Plasma Hydration Biomarkers among Young Male Athletes in Beijing,China: A Cross-Sectional Study

The purposes of this study were to explore the drinking patterns, and urinary and plasma hydration biomarkers of young adults with different levels of habitual total drinking fluid intake. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 111 young male athletes in Beijing, China. Total drinking fluids and water from food were assessed by a 7-day, 24-h fluid intake questionnaire and the duplicate portion method, respectively. The osmolality and electrolyte concentrations of the 24-h urine and fasting blood samples were tested. Differences in groups LD₁ (low drinker), LD₂, HD₁, and HD₂ (high drinker), divided according to the quartiles of total drinking fluids, were compared using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis H-tests, and chi-squared tests. A total of 109 subjects completed the study. The HD₂ group had greater amounts of TWI (total water intake) and higher and lower contributions of total drinking fluids and water from food to TWI, respectively, than the LD₁, LD₂, and HD₁ groups (p < 0.05), but the amounts of water from food did not differ significantly among the four groups (all p > 0.05). Participants in the HD₂ group had higher amounts of water than participants in the LD₁, LD₂, and HD₁ groups (p < 0.05); SSBs were the second top contributor of total drinking fluids, ranging from 24.0% to 31.8%. The percentage of subjects in optimal hydration status increased from 11.8% in the LD₁ group to 58.8% in the HD₂ group (p < 0.05). The HD₂ and HD₁ groups had 212–227 higher volumes of urine than the LD₁ and LD₂ groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the plasma biomarkers (p > 0.05), with the exception of higher concentrations of K in the HD₁ group than in the LD₁ group (p < 0.05). Subjects with higher amounts of total drinking fluids had better hydration status than those with lower total drinking fluids, but not better drinking patterns. Habitual total drinking fluids did not affect the plasma biomarkers.     

全身放射治疗用肺挡铅三自由度精准对位器的研制

目的：研制一个肺挡铅固定架,使得该挡铅具有三自由度调节的空间定位功能,以保证使用的肺挡铅在全身放射治疗时定位精准.方法：设计制造一个装置,由3个部分组成：（1）装有4根挡铅固定柱的旋转轴及其轴套和锁紧螺栓;（2）透明材质制作的连接板;（3）通过燕尾槽相互契合的X、Y轴向滑块及其底座,并配有X和Y轴向调节螺栓.结果：此肺挡铅对位器,可做到：（1）肺挡铅能被轻松固定在拟定位置上;（2）肺挡铅的毫米级转向调节和任意角位调节,并且能反复修正至所需精度,重复定位误差≤2 mm; （3）肺挡铅的安装、定位时间大大缩短,20 min以内即可完成;（4）每一具装置承载铅块的质量可达20 kg.结论：此肺挡铅对位器可轻松、快速地实现肺挡铅的高精度空间定位.     

病例组合的统计分类——医疗卫生管理的一项基础研究

目的：论证病例组合的统计分类是医疗卫生管理的一项基础研究。方法：从病例组合的定义、应用范围、历史回顾到具体的统计方法，论述进行该项研究的重要意义。结果：４万病例的ＡＩＤ分类预实验，形成了１３２个病例组合。结论：病例组合研究必要且可行     

The Longitudinal Association of Lifestyle with Cognitive Health and Dementia Risk: Findings from the HELIAD Study

The aim of the current study was to investigate whether a Total Lifestyle Index (TLI), including adherence to the Mediterranean diet, sleep duration, physical activity and engagement in activities of daily living, is associated with cognitive health over time and dementia risk, in a representative cohort of older people. A total of 1018 non-demented community-dwelling older adults ≥65 years old (60% women) from the HELIAD study were included. A comprehensive neurological and neuropsychological assessment was conducted at baseline and at the 3-year follow-up evaluating cognitive functioning, and a dementia diagnosis was set. Diet, physical activity, sleep duration and engagement in activities of daily living were assessed using standard, validated questionnaires at baseline. Sixty-one participants developed dementia at follow-up; participants who developed dementia were older and had fewer years of education compared with participants with normal cognition. With the exception of sleep duration, participants with normal cognition at follow-up scored higher in the individual lifestyle factors compared to those who developed dementia. Regarding TLI, values were lower for participants with dementia compared with those with normal cognition. Each additional unit of the TLI was associated with 0.5% of a standard deviation less decline per year of the Global Cognition score, whereas for each additional unit of the TLI, the risk for dementia was reduced by 0.2% per year (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that greater adherence to a healthy lifestyle pattern is associated with a slower decline of cognitive function and reduced dementia risk.     

Regularized sensitivity encoding (SENSE) reconstruction using bregman iterations

In parallel imaging, the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of sensitivity encoding (SENSE) reconstruction is usually degraded by the ill‐conditioning problem, which becomes especially serious at large acceleration factors. Existing regularization methods have been shown to alleviate the problem. However, they usually suffer from image artifacts at high acceleration factors due to the large data inconsistency resulting from heavy regularization. In this paper, we propose Bregman iteration for SENSE regularization. Unlike the existing regularization methods where the regularization function is fixed, the method adaptively updates the regularization function using the Bregman distance at different iterations, such that the iteration gradually removes the aliasing artifacts and recovers fine structures before the noise finally comes back. With a discrepancy principle as the stopping criterion, our results demonstrate that the reconstructed image using Bregman iteration preserves both sharp edges lost in Tikhonov regularization and fines structures missed in total variation (TV) regularization, while reducing more noise and aliasing artifacts. Magn Reson Med 61:145–152, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

2004年三种医学期刊论著中统计方法的应用状况与分析

目的比较三种不同系列医学期刊统计方法的应用状况。方法采用单纯随机抽样法,对确定的2004年度公开发表的三种(中华、中国和军队系列)医学期刊中的全部论著进行调查分析。结果在三种系列期刊中,统计方法应用比均达90%以上(χ2=1.71,P>0.05),误用比分别为7.44%、13.39%和21.57%(χ2=9.35,P<0.01)。多因素分析应用比分别为14.05%、8.04%和2.94%(χ2=8.72,P<0.05)。计量资料和计数资料应用比无差异(χ2=3.45,P>0.05)。统计方法分类应用和误用百分比排序及统计问题分类误用百分比排序前10位存在不一致。结论医学期刊论著中统计方法应用普遍,但出现的统计问题或瑕疵也较多。     

新疆不同产地骆驼刺中总黄酮的含量比较

目的比较新疆不同产地骆驼刺中总黄酮的含量。方法以芦丁为对照品,采用亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝-氢氧化钠显色法,在510nm处,采用紫外分光光度法测定新疆8个不同产地骆驼刺中总黄酮的含量。结果新疆地区鄯善县、莎车县、乌鲁木齐县3个产地骆驼刺总黄酮的含量较高,含量分别为18．2、16．8、16．6mg／g,奇台县骆驼刺中总黄酮的含量最低,为7．3mg／g。结论该测定方法准确、可靠、重复性好,可以用作骆驼刺总黄酮含量的测定,同时也为骆驼刺药材的优选及推广提供技术支撑。