Therapeutic effects of total alkaloids of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. on collagen-induced arthritis in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. is one of Traditional Chinese Medicines which is commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The total alkaloids were the main constituent part of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. It has a great significance to study the effects of the total alkaloids of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. (ATW) on RA.

Aim of the study

This paper aims at investigating the therapeutic effect of ATW on RA and its possible mechanism, and providing a theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical use of ATW.

Materials and methods

The model of wistar rats of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was made, and the rats were perfused a stomach with ATW for 4 weeks continuously. Then the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-<alpha>, in the serum of CIA rats were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the joint pathological section of CIA rats was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining method and the expression of IL-6, IL-8, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), TNF-α were measure by immunohistochemistry staining method.

Results

Compared with model group, ATW could significantly reduce paw swelling and suppresse articular cartilage degenerated. The results also found that there was significant reduction levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in serum of CIA rats treated with ATW and ATW inhibited the expression of IL-6, IL-8, NF-κB, TNF-α in synovial tissue.

Conclusion

ATW not only could inhibit the symptom of CIA rats significantly but also could inhibit the production of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α in serum and the expression of IL-6, IL-8, NF-κB and TNF-α in synovial tissue targeting the inflammatory. ATW would be a drug as a novel botanical drug for the treatment of RA.     

胡桃楸茎枝、叶和果实中总鞣质的动态变化

目的 考察不同时间采收的胡桃楸茎枝、叶和果实中总鞣质的动态变化规律.方法 采用分光光度法测定胡桃楸茎枝、叶和果实中总鞣质.结果 不同时间采收的胡桃楸茎枝、叶和果实中总鞣质的平均质量分数分别为25.68、57.24、38.91 mg/g.胡桃楸茎枝中总鞣质的动态变化无一定的规律,而胡桃楸叶和果实中总鞣质的量分别随叶和果实的生长而增加.结论 胡桃楸叶中总鞣质的质量分数最高,茎枝中总鞣质的质量分数最低.胡桃楸叶和果实中总鞣质质量分数的动态变化与各自的生长周期吻合.     

白血病患者造血干细胞移植前单次全身照射的预后分析

Objective To analyze the prognostic factors of patients with leukemia treated with single fraction total body irradiation (SFTBI) followed by hernatopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods From January 2001 to September 2008, 102 patients received HSCT. The differences of the survival rate, relapse rate and incidence of interstitial pneumonia (IP) between groups regarding different genders, ages, pathological types, transplantation methods and TBI parameters were compared and the factors related with the survival rate, relapse rate and incidence of IP were analyzed. Results The followup time ranged from 15 to 1482 days (median, 406 days). The follow-up rate was 95.1%. 86 and 55patients were followed up more than one year and three years. The 1-and 3-year survival rates were 59.0%and 44.0%. In univariate analysis, the 3-year survival rate was signifcantly different between the groups with and without relapse before transplantation (20% vs. 55%, χ2 = 6.33, P = 0. 012), allogeneictranplantation versus autologous tranplantation (39% vs. 68%, χ2 = 8.06, P = 0.005), grade 3 or more acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) and grade 0 -2 aGVHD (0% vs. 54%, χ2 = 7.52, P = 0.006),with and without relapse after transplantation (19% vs. 58%, χ2 = 10.13, P =0.001), with and without IP (23% vs. 58%, χ2 =8.35, P=0.004). Multivariate analysis showed that grade 3 or more aGVHD was the only statistically significant prognostic factors (χ2 = 12. 74 ,P =0. 000). The l-and 3-year relapse rateswere 30. 0% and 50. 0%. The incidence of relapse was obviously higher in the group with relapse before transplantation than that without (47% vs. 16%, χ2 =7. 32, P=0. 007). Multivariate analysis showed thatrelapse before transplantation was a significant factor predicting relapse after transplantation (χ2 = 9. 39,P =0. 020). The cumulative incidence of IP was 35.0%. The incidence of IP was different between groups with dose homogeneity > 3% and ≤ 3% (27% vs. 4%, χ2 = 5. 21, P = 0. 023), with and without acute parotitis (34% vs. 3%, χ2 = 14. 15, P= 0.000), allogeneic transplantation group and autologous transplantation group (31% vs. 8%, χ2= 7.70, P= 0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that transplantation methods, acute parotitis and dose homogeneity were statistically significant factors in predictingIP (χ2 = 10. 08 , 10. 08 and 7.69 , P = 0. 002 , 0. 002 and 0. 010 , respectively) . Conclusions Patients who develop grade 3 or higher aGVHD have poor prognosis. Dose homogeneity influences the incidence of IP. Patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation are apt to have IP. Acute parotitis is related with IP and might be a predictor.     

Ionized and total magnesium concentration in patients with severe preeclampsia-eclampsia undergoing magnesium sulfate therapy

AIM: As ionized magnesium is the active form of magnesium and exerts a therapeutic effect, the present study was performed to determine the levels and correlations between ionized and total magnesium under baseline and therapeutic conditions in patients with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia receiving magnesium sulfate. METHODS: Fifty singleton patients with severe preeclampsia received a loading dose of 4 g of magnesium sulfate, followed by 2 g per hour as maintenance dose until 24 h after delivery, or 24 h after the last seizure in case of postpartum convulsions. Serial blood samples were taken before magnesium sulfate infusion, 30 min and 240 min after the initiation of the infusion and 4 h after the discontinuation of the drug. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and paired t-test. RESULTS: Baseline levels of total and ionized magnesium were 2.4+/-0.6 mEq/L and 1.3+/-0.5 mEq/L (mean+/-SD), respectively. Putative level of 4 mEq/L of total magnesium was not obtained in up to 42% of patients during the treatment. There was not any significant correlation between the two forms of magnesium under baseline and therapeutic conditions. CONCLUSION: Despite the effectiveness of the standard regimen of magnesium sulfate in the treatment and prevention of eclamptic seizures, it can not provide the proposed therapeutic level of magnesium in all patients. With respect to the lack of correlation between ionized and total magnesium, further studies are necessary to investigate the superiority of measurement of ionized, rather than total magnesium, for titration of therapeutic magnesium sulfate infusion.     

帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对髋关节置换术患者IL-6和TNF-α的影响

目的：探讨帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对髋关节置换术后患者炎症细胞因子的影响,并进一步观察术后镇痛效果。方法本组患者60例,年龄40~65岁,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,择期在全麻下行髋关节置换术。随机分成观察组和对照组,每组30例。麻醉前20 min观察组静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg（用生理盐水稀释成4 mL）,对照组静脉注射生理盐水4 mL。分别于静推帕瑞昔布钠或生理盐水前10 min（T1）、术毕（T2）、术后6 h（T3）、术后12 h（T4）、术后24 h（T5）采上肢静脉血样,测定IL-6、TNF-α的血浆浓度。采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评价术毕即刻、术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h镇痛效果。结果患者血浆IL-6浓度于T3、T4、T5时点较术前显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组血浆IL-6浓度于T3、T4、T5时点比对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。患者血浆TNF-α浓度于T4、T5时点较术前显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组血浆TNF-α浓度在T4、T5时间点比对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组患者在术毕即刻、术后2 h、6 h、12 h VAS评分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛可有效缓解全髋关节置换术患者术后疼痛,抑制炎性介质释放,降低神经系统敏感性,利于患者术后康复。     

腹腔注射攻毒在蜱媒脑炎病毒感染BALB/c小鼠中的应用

目的 研究腹腔注射攻毒在蜱媒脑炎病毒（TBEV）感染BALB/c小鼠中的应用。方法 TBEV以103、104空斑形成单位（PFU）的攻毒剂量经腹腔注射感染BALB/c小鼠,观察小鼠的感染症状、体重变化与生存率。通过H-E染色显示小鼠脑、脾的病理改变,采用免疫组织化学检测小鼠脑、脾中TBEV蛋白的表达,空斑实验检测小鼠脑、脾中病毒滴度的动态变化。结果 TBEV感染第3天小鼠体重开始下降,第6天104 PFU组小鼠出现弓背、后肢瘫痪症状,第7天104 PFU组小鼠开始死亡,第9天103 PFU组小鼠全部死亡。与对照组小鼠相比,感染组小鼠的体重在第5~8天降低具有显著性差异（P<0.05或P<0.001）;小鼠生存率降低差异显著（P<0.01）。TBEV蛋白动态表达于感染组小鼠的脑与脾。103 PFU TBEV感染第7天,小鼠脑内TBEV滴度高达（1.3?0.6）×105 PFU/mL,而脾中滴度为（1.3?0.6）×103 PFU/mL。结论 经腹腔注射攻毒,TBEV在BALB/c小鼠体内建立感染,可增殖并具致病性。