Degradation Mechanism and Numerical Simulation of Pervious Concrete under Salt Freezing-Thawing Cycle

In order to explore the occurrence area of pervious concrete freeze-thaw deterioration, the mass loss, strength deterioration, ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity and dynamic elastic modulus attenuation of pervious concrete under freeze-thaw cycles were measured, and a prediction model of freeze-thaw damage was established. The mechanical properties of hardened cement pastes with the same W/C ratio under freeze-thaw cycles were also measured. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) was used to measure the pore structure characteristic parameters and pore size distribution changes of cement paste under freeze-thaw cycle, and the microstructure evolution of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) of paste and aggregate was observed by SEM scanning electron microscopy. Finally, a pervious concrete model was established by DEM to analyze the relationship between the number of freeze-thaw cycles and the mesoscopic parameters. The results indicated that the quality, strength and dynamic elastic modulus of pervious concrete deteriorate to different degrees under the conditions of water freezing and salt freezing. The damage sensitivity and strength loss of freeze-thaw damage is greater than the dynamic elastic modulus loss, which is greater than mass loss. In the pervious concrete paste which underwent 100 freeze-thaw cycles, the pore structure and macro strength had no obvious change, and hardened paste and the aggregate-interface-generated defects increased with the increase in freezing and thawing times, indicating that the deterioration of pervious concrete performance under freeze-thaw cycles was closely related to the deterioration of the interface strength of the aggregate and hardened paste. The pervious concrete model established by DEM can accurately simulate the change of the compressive modulus and the strength of pervious concrete during freeze-thaw cycles.     

海事立法与相关涉海立法的边界及协调研究

海事管理涉及面广,与一些涉海管理部门存在管理交叉。海事立法是一个系统工程,进一步明晰海事立法和其他涉海立法的边界,深入分析海事立法与其他涉海立法之间的交叉领域,着力加强海事立法与其他涉海立法的协调,对于加强海事立法和海事管理具有重要意义,有必要对我国海事立法与相关涉海立法的边界和协调加以深入研究。     

卫生法学专业人文社会医学的实践教学探讨

为适应我国卫生事业的发展需求,围绕如何培养具备人文精神的高素质卫生法学人才,从树立人文学科实践教学意识出发,在积极完善人文社会医学课程的实践教学设计和实践教学体系的同时,努力提升卫生法学师资队伍的实践教学和人文素养教育能力,以期为我国的社会主义卫生事业培养出优秀的接班人。     

The American Physician in Occupational Medicine and Hygiene

The satisfactory quality of the practice of occupational medicine in industry is essential to the safety and health of employees. Measures of environmental control are not, in themselves, a satisfactory means of protecting workmen against many common hazards of industrial operations. Careful surveillance of workmen by trained, experienced, and competent occupational physicians is essential in the prevention of illness and disability induced by occupational operations, materials, and types of energy. The professional responsibilities of the occupational physician extend beyond the industrial facility into the general environment where the escaping production materials, by-products, and wastes may penetrate, and also into the larger community where its products may be distributed. The gross inadequacy in the number of trained physicians in the professional field must be met before this urgent problem of national health can be solved.     

Civic Engagement in California Cannabis Policy Development

ABSTRACT

During the regulatory drafting process, California considered allowing police officers to become licensed owners of cannabis businesses, an action that would have codified a conflict of interest (COI), allowing police to exert influence in two market strata, enforcement and licensure. Up until then, no state specifically excepted law enforcement from COI prohibitions, making California’s proposed medical cannabis regulation unique. We performed two 50-state surveys and examined 298 public comments submitted to the Bureau of Cannabis Control during the initial medical cannabis rulemaking process in June 2017. After public comments, the Bureau withdrew this provision. However, that the exception was even considered is cause for concern in this new area of policy development. The progression from proposed medical cannabis rules to emergency rule adoption and now, into proposed final regulations, highlights the value of civic engagement with the rulemaking process. Jurisdictions should adopt bright-line COI rules within their cannabis codes that limit the relationships that law enforcement may have with the private cannabis markets.     

Law Enforcement-applied Tourniquets: A Case Series of Life-saving Interventions

Abstract

Although the epidemiology of civilian trauma is distinct from that encountered in combat, in both settings, extremity hemorrhage remains a major preventable cause of potential mortality. The current paper describes the largest case series in the literature in which police officers arriving prior to emergency medical services applied commercially available field tourniquets to civilian victims of violent trauma. Although all 3 patients with vascular injury arrived at the receiving emergency department in extremis, they were successfully resuscitated and survived to discharge without major morbidity. While this outcome is likely multifactorial and highlights the exceptional care delivered by the modern trauma system, tourniquet application appears to have kept critically injured patients alive long enough to reach definitive trauma care. No patient had a tourniquet-related complication. This case series suggests that law enforcement officers can effectively identify indications for tourniquets and rapidly apply such life-saving interventions.     

基于复杂网络分析的宗气不足证现代医案处方用药规律探析

目的：分析宗气不足证现代医案的处方配伍用药与组方规律。方法：检索中国知网期刊全文数据库及万方期刊全文数据库所收录文献中的宗气不足证医案,建立宗气不足证医案诊疗数据库。运用频数统计及复杂网络分析现代宗气不足证医案常用药物、药物功效、性味归经、药对与组方规律。结果：纳入符合标准的医案131例,其使用中药共191味,中药使用频次总计1555次。其中治疗宗气不足证频率较高的药物依次是黄芪（93.1%）、升麻（72.5%）、柴胡（72.5%）与桔梗（63.4%）;其药性以温、平、微寒为主,药味以甘、苦、辛为主,药物归经以归肺脾胃经为主。关联频度较高的药对为黄芪+柴胡、黄芪+升麻、升麻+柴胡、黄芪+桔梗等（关联频度分别为95、95、90与83）。核心处方为升陷汤合四君子汤。结论：现代医家治疗宗气不足证以升补宗气为根本大法,其中黄芪为补益宗气之首选药,升麻、柴胡为升提宗气的要药。药物配伍规律体现为升补相济、敛散相得等,治疗处方以升陷汤为基础方,并合用四君子汤共奏升补宗气之功效。     

基于均匀设计-偏最小二乘回归建模的中药复方配伍规律研究方法

采用均匀设计-偏最小二乘回归建模(UD-PLS)的方法研究中药复方配伍规律,运用数学、系统科学、计算科学、非线性科学等多学科交叉综合手段,用数学语言定性定量分析中药复方配伍的相互作用效应,建立针对中药复方药味多、相互作用复杂等特点的中药复方配伍规律研究方法。以小承气汤和厚朴大黄汤配伍组方规律为研究实例,分析研究中药复方七情和合与君臣佐使配伍关系及相互作用效应。通过UD-PLS方法获得了中药复方不同配伍与整体疗效密切相关的认识,阐明了药物配伍对中药复方整体作用的重要性和合理性,能体现中医学的整体观与系统论的思维模式,对科学揭示中药复方配伍及组方科学化具有参考意义。     

从“湿疫”论治新型冠状病毒肺炎的思考

本文基于中医经典文献及临床实践思考,立足于"湿疫"理论阐释新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称"新冠肺炎")的病因、病机、传变规律及治疗方药。认为新冠肺炎乃湿毒疫邪所致,其病机特点为内外病邪相引,合而致病;本病除遵循卫、气、营、血传变规律外,同时也表现出三焦传变的过程。同时,通过归纳梳理相关中医经典著作中关于湿疫的证治方药,为新冠肺炎的中医诊治提供临床思路。     

基于文献挖掘及复杂网络探讨寻常性痤疮常见中医证型及核心用药规律＊

目的 运用文献挖掘及复杂网络方法探讨中医治疗寻常性痤疮常见证型及核心用药规律。方法 收集中国期刊全文数据库（China National Knowledge Infrastructure，CNKI）、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库（VIP Database，VIP）、万方数据库（WanFang）、中国生物医学文献数据库（Sinomed）中近15年已公开发表的中医治疗寻常性痤疮核心期刊，对其进行医案提取及规范化后，运用复杂网络方法进行分析。结果 共纳入文献178篇，医案数据195条，涉及中药184味，药性多以寒、微寒为主，药物归经归肺经最多，其次肝经、胃经、心经，药物功效多以清热解毒、清热燥湿、清热凉血为主，常见中医证型及对应核心加减处方4个。结论 系统总结了寻常性痤疮近年发病的主流证型、核心处方及用药规律，为之后的临床辨证用药提供参考及借鉴。