Antioxidant and glutathione-related enzymatic activities in rat sciatic nerve

The present work tries to establish the antioxidant capacity of the peripheral nervous tissue of the rat, in terms of the enzymatic activities present in this tissue that either prevent the formation of activated species as the semiquinone radical (DT-diaphorase), protect against activated oxygen species (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), conjugate natural toxic products or xenobiotics (glutathione S-transferases, especially the activity conjugating 4-hydroxy-nonenal), or complete the glutathione system metabolism (glutathione disulfide reductase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase). All the activities studied are lower in this tissue than they are in liver, except for γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. The relevance of the results obtained and its possible relationship with different neuropathies is discussed. It is concluded that the peripheral nervous tissue is by far less protected than the liver against oxidative damage.     

特异性DNA倍增技术检测t-PA cDNA基因在表达细胞中的稳定性

利用特异性DNA倍增技术(polymerase chain Reaction,PCR)检测t-PA cDNA基因在表达细胞基因组中的稳定性,并对所得的PCR反应产物进行了限制性内切酶片段、分子杂交和核苷酸顺序分析等方面的研究,证实了t-PA cDNA基因已插入到表达细胞染色体中。这种方法快速、简便、灵敏度和特异性高,是检测基因工程表达细胞中cDNA基因稳定整合状况的好方法。     

Approved indications of lipo-PGE1 in Japan

For its peripheral vascular dilating effect and platelet agglutination inhibitory activity, prostaglandin E₁ is used in the treatment of diseases which are likely to cause peripheral circulatory failure or thrombus. In Japan, lipo-PGE₁, which was developed to give it a target-directed nature by modifying the conventional PGE₁, has been used and found to be useful in clinical practice. In this report, we attempt to describe the clinical benefits of lipo-PGE₁ focusing on the diseases which have been approved for its indications.     

耳脑医用粘合剂修补脑脊液漏

耳脑医用粘合剂是α－氰基丙烯酸正辛酯和α－氰基丙烯酸正丁酯及少量添加剂配伍而成的复合性医用粘合剂。应用此粘合剂粘合修补脑脊液漏２７例，其中外伤性脑脊液鼻漏５例，经鼻蝶入路垂体瘤切除术脑脊液漏６例，开颅手术后手术切口脑脊液漏１１例，脊膜膨出修补术后脑脊液漏５例。成功２５例，成功率９３％。应用此粘合剂修补脑脊液漏具有简便、迅速、有效的特点。     

Site selection for fat autotransplantation: Some observations

The use of autologous fat for implantation has recently received renewed attention in the plastic surgery literature. Autologous fat reportedly has been used for the treatment of wrinkles and Romberg's disease, and for buttock and breast augmentation. While some measure of success has been achieved, many surgeons report that substantial resorption of fat tissue occurs at the site of implantation. There is lack of unanimity regarding the ideal site for extraction or injection in order to minimize fat resorption. Adipose tissue samples were taken from women undergoing surgical procedures on the abdomen, gluteal-femoral region, and breast. Facial adipose tissue samples from men and women were also analyzed. Adipocytes were isolated chemically and sized microscopically. Activity of the lipogenic enzyme adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (ATLPL) was measured in frozen samples. Results suggest that femoral site samples are somewhat larger (NS) and have greater lipogenic activity (p<0.03) than other sites. In our study, small facial samples had very low or unmeasurable levels of ATLPL activity. Perhaps cell size and lipogenic activity should be considered when selecting tissues for autotransplantation.     

青少年拔牙矫治期间对颅面部硬组织结构影响的研究

目的 研究青少年拔牙矫治时颅面部硬组织的影响。方法 选择50例为青少年恒牙He，安氏Ⅰ类患者，25例需拔除四个第一双尖牙治疗，25例无需拔牙治疗，用标准方丝弓技术矫治，共收集到完整病例43例，拔牙20例，非拔牙23例，利用X线头影测量技术，比较拔牙与非拔牙组治疗前后的变化。结果 拔牙矫治与非拔牙矫治组都存在一定的颅面部骨骼的生长，但两者矫治前后改变无明显差别。拔牙矫治明显改变了前牙位置。结论 青少年拔牙矫治期间对颅面部骨骼的改变无影响。     

Human neural transplantation

Great advances in neurobiology have resulted from 100 years of neural transplantation research. In the last 20 years, there has been a focus on using neural transplantation to repair the damaged central nervous system (CNS) utilising experimental animal models of various human neurodegenerative disease and CNS injury. Since 1985, there has been a rapid proliferation of adrenal medullary autograft transplantation to the caudate nucleus of humans with Parkinson's disease. However, this operation proved to be unsuccessful and was associated with unacceptable morbidity. Implantation of human fetal mesencephalon into patients with severe parkinsonism has supplanted the adrenal operation and has produced promising results, with some patients reported to improve markedly and some evidence of graft survival noted on positron emission tomography (PET). Host tissue recovery appears to be an important mechanism for this clinical improvement. The optimal technique is to use three to four fetuses from induced abortions of 6.5 to 8 weeks gestation, with multiple stereotactic implants into the putamen and caudate nucleus. Many biological questions still remain and the community remains troubled by the ethical problems of using fetal tissue obtained from abortions. This procedure is still experimental and should be restricted to a few centres with excellence in cell and molecular biology. A multicentre study is needed to more carefully evaluate CNS transplantation. Cloned neural precursor cells or immortalized embryonic cell lines genetically modified to manufacture selected growth factors or neurotransmitters may offer an alternative to the use of human fetal tissue. Much more experimental animal research is necessary before transplantation can be used to treat other CNS maladies.     

Improved intracranial lesion characterization by tissue segmentation based on a 3D feature map

Our aim was to develop an accurate multispectral tissue segmentation method based on 3D feature maps. We utilized proton density (PD), T₂-weighted fast spin-echo (FSE), and T₁-weighted spin-echo images as inputs for segmentation. Phantom constructs, cadaver brains, an animal brain tumor model and both normal human brains and those from patients with either multiple sclerosis (MS) or primary brain tumors were analyzed with this technique. Initially, misregistration, RF inhomogeneity and image noise problems were addressed. Next, a qualified observer identified samples representing the tissues of interest. Finally, k-nearest neighbor algorithm (k-NN) was utilized to create a stack of color-coded segmented images. The inclusion of T₁ based images, as a third input, produced significant improvement in the delineation of tissues. In MS, our 3D technique was found to be far superior to that based on any combination of 2D feature maps (P < 0.001). We identified at least two distinctly different classes of lesions within the same MS plaque, representing different stages of the disease process. Further, we obtained the regional distribution of MS lesion burden and followed its changes over time. Neuropsychological aberrations were the clinical counterpart of the structural changes detected in segmentation. We could also delineate the margins of benign brain tumors. In malignant tumors, up to four abnormal tissues were identified: 1) a solid tumor core, 2) a cystic component, 3) edema in the white matter, and 4) areas of necrosis and hemorrhage. Subsequent neurosurgical exploration confirmed the distribution of tissues as predicted by this analysis.     

小鼠暴露在不同海拔梯度下脑含水量改变及其与脑水肿的关系

观察了小鼠暴露在不同海拔梯度下脑含水量改变及其与脑水肿的关系。实验结果表明，小鼠由低海拔区快速进入高海拔区后脑组织的湿干比值和含水量均有增高（Ｐ＜００１），以进入高海拔区后的第７ｄ为最高峰。组织学观察表明，此时脑神经细胞肿胀，胞浆内有空泡变性，胶质细胞和微血管周围有明显空晕。以上结果揭示，由低海拔区快速进入高海拔区后可致脑水肿形成。     

氯沙坦对维持性血透患者心血管保护作用的临床观察

目的 :观察氯沙坦对行维持性血透治疗的慢性肾功能衰竭 (CRF)患者心血管保护作用。方法 :6 0例维持性血透患者 (血肌酐≥ 70 0 μmol·L- 1 ) ,治疗组 (给予氯沙坦 5 0～ 10 0mg·d- 1 )及对照组 (给予非血管紧张素受体拮抗剂和非ACEI类降压药 )各 30例 ,记录用药前后各组患者血压 ,运用多普勒组织成像 (DTI)技术观察用药前后两组患者二尖瓣环峰值收缩速度 (VS)、收缩时间速度积分 (TVIS)、舒张早期速度 (VE)、舒张晚期速度 (VA)、VE VA 比值。结果 :治疗组及对照组患者治疗后血压均明显下降 ,二尖瓣环VS、TVIS、VE、VE VA ,则均明显上升 ;治疗组与对照组血压分别在治疗前、后相比并无明显差异 ;治疗前两组间二尖瓣环VS、TVIS、VE、VE VA 并无显著性差异 ,但在治疗12个月后 ,治疗组二尖瓣环VS、TVIS、VE、VE VA 则明显高于对照组。结论 :氯沙坦对行持续性血透的CRF患者具有良好的心脏保护作用 ,可有效改善其心功能 ,且不依赖于其降压作用