Neurobiological underpinnings of shame and guilt: a pilot fMRI study

In this study, a functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm originally employed by Takahashi et al. was adapted to look for emotion-specific differences in functional brain activity within a healthy German sample (N = 14), using shame- and guilt-related stimuli and neutral stimuli. Activations were found for both of these emotions in the temporal lobe (shame condition: anterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampal gyrus; guilt condition: fusiform gyrus, middle temporal gyrus). Specific activations were found for shame in the frontal lobe (medial and inferior frontal gyrus), and for guilt in the amygdala and insula. This is consistent with Takahashi et al.’s results obtained for a Japanese sample (using Japanese stimuli), which showed activations in the fusiform gyrus, hippocampus, middle occipital gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus. During the imagination of shame, frontal and temporal areas (e.g. middle frontal gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus) were responsive regardless of gender. In the guilt condition, women only activate temporal regions, whereas men showed additional frontal and occipital activation as well as a responsive amygdala. The results suggest that shame and guilt share some neural networks, as well as having individual areas of activation. It can be concluded that frontal, temporal and limbic areas play a prominent role in the generation of moral feelings.     

Proteoglycans: Road Signs for Neurite Outgrowth

Proteoglycans in the central nervous system play integral roles as ＂traffic signals＂ for the direction of neurite outgrowth. This attribute of proteoglycans is a major factor in regeneration of the injured central nervous system. In this review, the structures of proteoglycans and the evidence suggesting their involvement in the response following spinal cord injury are presented. The review further describes the methods routinely used to determine the effect proteoglycans have on neurite outgrowth. The effects of proteoglycans on neurite outgrowth are not completely understood as there is disagreement on what component of the molecule is interacting with growing neurites and this ambiguity is chronicled in an historical context. Finally, the most recent findings suggesting possible receptors, interactions, and sulfation patterns that may be important in eliciting the effect of proteoglycans on neurite outgrowth are discussed. A greater understanding of the proteoglycan-neurite interaction is necessary for successfully promoting regeneration in the iniured central nervous system.     

数字化三维塑形钛网修补颅骨缺损患者的临床优势分析

目的探讨数字化三维塑形钛网与传统手工塑形钛网修补颅骨缺损的临床价值。方法回顾性分析78例颅骨缺损患者的临床资料,按所用钛网不同分为数字化三维塑形钛网组（41例）和传统手工塑形钛网组（37例）,比较两组住院时间、手术操作时间、住院费用、塑形满意度以及并发症情况。结果数字化三维塑形钛网组住院费用和塑形满意度明显高于传统手工塑形钛网组[（12978．1±4765．7）元比（9436．6±3798．7）元、（9．87±0．13）分比（9．41±0．09）分],并发症发生率明显低于传统手工塑形钛网组[4．9％（2／41）比29．7％（11／37）],两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．05）;两组住院时间、手术操作时间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论数字化三维塑形钛网修补颅骨缺损时操作便捷,在很大程度上降低了手术的风险以及并发症发生率,并能达到高标准的塑形效果,值得临床推广。     

成球培养法富集胰腺癌肿瘤干细胞的研究

目的 研究成球培养法培养胰腺癌肿瘤干细胞的可行性。方法 通过细胞成球培养体系富集胰腺癌肿瘤干细胞并进行培养,流式细胞术检测分析干细胞的表型特征。结果 光镜下,成球培养细胞形态发生明显变化,细胞由贴壁时的多边形变成圆形,并形成肿瘤细胞微球。流式细胞仪检测发现,与普通细胞培养相比,成球培养体系富集的胰腺癌肿瘤干细胞干性相关基因CD24、CD44共表达水平明显升高。结论 利用成球培养法能够富集得到CD24、CD44高表达的胰腺癌肿瘤干细胞。     

翻转课堂教学模式在低年资护士安全文化培训中的应用效果

目的 探讨翻转课堂教学模式在低年资护士安全文化培训中的应用效果。方法 选择2017年8月在安徽医科大学附属六安医院工作年限≤ 5年的150名护士为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组75名。对照组采用传统课堂培训形式,观察组进行相同课程内容的翻转课堂教学模式。培训后分析两组护士综合考核成绩、学业情绪、安全文化感知水平、护理不良事件发生率,比较2种不同培训形式的培训效果。结果 观察组护士理论知识考核成绩为（85.72±10.08）分、案例分析考核成绩为（78.51±7.13）分、学业情绪积极活动得分为（71.73±5.32）分、积极结果得分为（30.11±2.10）分、患者安全文化感知水平得分为（4.65±0.41）分,均高于对照组,学业情绪消极活动得分（18.42±2.86）分、消极结果得分（29.12±6.01）分,均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。培训后6个月内,观察组共发生护理不良事件5例,对照组15例,差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.769,P=0.016）。结论 翻转课堂教学模式可以有效提升低年资护士安全文化培训综合考核成绩和患者安全文化感知水平,改善学业情绪,降低护理不良事件发生率。     

Estrogen deficiency does not decrease the in vitro osteogenic potential of rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency is an increasing bone health issue worldwide: new strategies are being studied for regenerative medicine of bone pathologies in these patients. The most commonly used cells for tissue engineering therapy are the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), but they might be negatively affected by aging and estrogen deficiency. Besides the general advantages of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) over BMSCs, ADSCs also seem to be less affected by aging than BMSCs, but in the literature, little is known about ADSCs in estrogen deficiency. The present study investigated the in vitro behavior of ADSCs, isolated from healthy (SHAM) and estrogen-deficient (OVX) rats. Phenotype, clonogenicity, viability, and osteogenic differentiation, at both cellular and molecular levels, were evaluated with or without osteogenic stimuli. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and adipogenic differentiation markers were also analyzed. There were no significant differences between OVX and SHAM ADSCs in some analyzed parameters. In addition, clonogenicity, osteopontin (Spp1) gene expression, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at 2 weeks of culture, total collagen (COLL), osteocalcin (Bglap) gene expression and production, and matrix mineralization were significantly higher in OVX than in SHAM ADSCs. Besides the increase in some osteogenic markers, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg) gene was also more expressed in OVX in osteogenic medium, with a concomitant estrogen receptor 1 (Esr1) gene expression decrease. These results underlined that ADSCs were not affected by estrogen deficiency in an osteogenic microenvironment.     

Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Pseudo-outbreak of an Intestinal Culture Specimen Caused by a Water Tap in an Endoscopy Unit

Objective Gastrointestinal lesions of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are regarded as opportunistic infections. A large number of positive specimens of NTM were identified in an intestinal fluid culture in the endoscopy unit and it was considered to be a pseudo-outbreak. Methods We reviewed the hospital, laboratory, and colonoscopy records of 263 consecutive patients whose intestinal fluids were analyzed for a mycobacterial culture by colonoscopy at St. Marianna University Hospital, between January 2009 and December 2018. The endoscopy reprocessing procedures were reviewed and samples of water used in the endoscopy unit were cultured. Results An intestinal fluid culture of 154 (58.6%) patients tested positive for NTM (M. intracellulare; 125 cases, M. gordonae; 14 cases, M. avium; 4 cases, M. abscessus; 3 cases, and 8 other cases). In 182 cases (69.2%), an intestinal mucosal culture was performed simultaneously with a fluid culture and tested positive for NTM in 2 cases. Next, we examined the endoscopy unit for any possible environmental contamination. NTM were detected in the tap water used to prepare the antifoaming solution in the endoscopy unit. The water faucets in the endoscopy unit were considered to be the source of the contamination of NTMs. Conclusion We observed that a large number of cases tested positive due to contaminated water that had been used in an endoscopy unit, thus leading to a pseudo-outbreak of NTM.