白细胞介素-2对大鼠海马脑电图和胶质细胞的影响——免疫组织化学和显微图像分析等方法的研究

为探讨白细胞介素与癫痫发病机理的关系，该研究应用脑电图仪记录了侧脑室内注射白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）后，大鼠海马脑电图的变化。结果显示：侧脑室内注射ＩＬ－２后，大鼠海马脑电图出现阵发性痫性放电，表现为频发棘波；应用免疫组织化学方法（ＰＡＰ法）和显微图像分析技术，观察到：侧脑室内注射ＩＬ－２后，大鼠海马回和齿状回内胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（ＧＦＡＰ）免疫反应的胶质细胞的数量明显增多、胞体截面积增大、突起及其分支增多。对大鼠海马回ＣＡ１区ＧＦＡＰ免疫反应的胶质细胞进行显微图像分析，结果显示；与正常对照组相比，ＩＬ－２组的细胞数量约增加０．４８倍、胞体截面积约增加１．７３倍、周长约增加１．０９倍、平均光密度约增加０．２０倍、积分光密度约增加２．３１倍。统计结果表明：差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。上述结果提示：大鼠侧脑室内注射ＩＬ－２可促进海马星形胶质细胞的增殖、肥大和细胞突起的萌芽。     

长骨内开口效应对其力学性能影响的理论模型研究

建立一个股骨中段的外侧皮质带有矩形开口的力学模型,采用有限元方法,计算骨开口区的尺寸改变时,股骨的扭转刚度和应力分布的变化。结果表明:骨开口长度为骨外径的1倍时(1OD),对股骨扭转刚度和剪应力分布的影响较小;开口长度从2OD增至4OD时扭转刚度急剧减小,而且剪应力的最大值位于开口区中心。本结论对临床骨科的手术治疗方法和骨开口尺寸的控制提供了重要的理论依据。     

椎间盘部分切除对腰椎应力分布影响的有限元分析

腰椎间盘突出症是骨科常见病之一。椎间盘切除术被广泛应用于本症的治疗。本文采用有限元素分析法观察了椎间盘部分切除前后腰椎应力分布的改变。本研究观察到,在正常情况下,椎体上下缘的中央部位承受较大的应力;椎间盘部分切除术后,椎体上下缘的侧方承采应力大于中央部分。这些结果表明,椎间盘部分切除术后可引起腰椎应力分布紊乱,出现应力集中,引起骨质增生,从而影响手术的远期疗效。     

食管癌三维适形放射治疗疗效的Meta分析

目的分析三维适形放射治疗技术（3-DCRT）治疗食管癌的疗效和放射毒性反应。方法检索国内有关数据库查找符合条件的临床随机对照试验,采用Meta分析方法,对国内公开发表的有关3-DCRT治疗食管癌的临床随机对照试验研究文献进行综合分析,在RevMan4.2.7软件中统计分析相应的研究指标。结果有8项独立的临床随机对照试验研究进入了本次meta分析。3-DCRT组的近期疗效,1、2、3年局控率及1、2、3年生存率均优于对照组（p〈0.01）。两组毒副反应的差异无统计学显著性意义。结论3-DCRT治疗食管癌的近期疗效优于常规放射治疗方法,远期疗效和毒副反应有待进一步观察随访和研究。     

基于冷冻切片的人体腰椎三维有限元模型

目的利用上海交通大学生命质量与机械工程研究所自主开发的冷冻切片处理软件CryoSegmemation提取人体骨骼的边缘,利用逆向工程软件Imageware建立骨骼的面模型,在ANSYS中建立人体腰椎的三维有限元模型。方法利用第三军医大学的第一例男性冷冻切片数据进行图像处理,截面轮廓线信息处理。结果准确快速地建立了完全符合人体解剖特征的腰椎三维有限元模型。结论利用该研究所自主开发的冷冻切片软件和一些现有的商用软件可以准确、快速地建立人体腰椎的三维面模型、体模型及有限元模型,为航空、车辆、船舶、生物医学工程等不同的领域进行数值模拟计算和动力学仿真提供完全符合人体解剖学特征的原始模型。     

冠状动脉支架抗压缩性能的有限元分析

冠状动脉支架作为经皮穿刺冠状动脉成形术中保持病变血管畅通的核心器件。其对病变动脉壁的支撑作用如何是支架植入术成功的先决条件之一。依据冠脉支架抗压缩性能的实际测试原型，建立起对应的有限元模型，并利用此方法系统地研究了专利支架设计，其扩张尺度的不同和筋的尺寸变化对支架抵抗两平面压缩性能的影响。结果显示，随支架扩张直径的增大，其抵抗两平面压缩的作用减小，增加支架筋的宽度或厚度能够提高支架的抗压缩性能，且这两个方向尺寸的增加对提高抗压缩性能的作用相当。模拟与实验结果一致，表明有限元模拟可以在一定程度上替代支架原型测试工作。     

Comparison of DNA- and RNA-based methods for detection of truncating BRCA1 mutations

A number of methods are used for mutational analysis of BRCA1, a large multi-exon gene. A comparison was made of five methods to detect mutations generating premature stop codons that are predicted to result in synthesis of a truncated protein in BRCA1. These included four DNA-based methods: two-dimensional gene scanning (TDGS), denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), enzymatic mutation detection (EMD), and single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and an RNA/DNA-based protein truncation test (PTT) with and without complementary 5' sequencing. DNA and RNA samples isolated from 21 coded lymphoblastoid cell line samples were tested. These specimens had previously been analyzed by direct automated DNA sequencing, considered to be the optimum method for mutation detection. The set of 21 cell lines included 14 samples with 13 unique frameshift or nonsense mutations, three samples with two unique splice site mutations, and four samples without deleterious mutations. The present study focused on the detection of protein-truncating mutations, those that have been reported most often to be disease-causing alterations that segregate with cancer in families. PTT with complementary 5' sequencing correctly identified all 15 deleterious mutations. Not surprisingly, the DNA-based techniques did not detect a deletion of exon 22. EMD and DHPLC identified all of the mutations with the exception of the exon 22 deletion. Two mutations were initially missed by TDGS, but could be detected after slight changes in the test design, and five truncating mutations were missed by SSCP. It will continue to be important to use complementary methods for mutational analysis.     

Program for generation of three-dimensional finite element mesh from magnetic resonance imaging scans of human limbs

A PC-AT based program for conversion of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans into coordinate input for finite element mesh generation is presented. The program is written in Borland C + +3.1 and is compatible with every general-use personal computer, permitting the use of MS-DOS 3.0 or higher with a Microsoft mouse. The program is menu driven and does not demand specialised knowledge from the user. The system and memory requirements are minimal -- 640 kB RAM -- and it runs as a stand-alone program. A second program allows the construction of a three-dimensional representation of the limb sub-structure and generation of the FE mesh from the converted cross-sectional scans. The capabilities of the program are demonstrated using cross-sectional scans of the upper arm; the fat, muscle and bone contours were obtained to a very high level of precision (0.4 mm).     

CT三维重建在侧颅底的应用研究

目的 探讨CT三维重建在侧颅底的应用价值。方法 15例健康成人在Picker5000全身CT机上行连续轴位扫描，将扫描获得的原始数据输入Voxel Q图像后处理工作站，采用表面阴影法(surface shaded display，SSD)进行三维重建。结果 侧颅底CT三维重建能清楚显示正常侧颅底孔、裂和重要的骨性标志。重建的结构可整体显示或切割后单独显示，两均可在三维空间绕任意轴旋转任意角度。结论 三维CT能立体而直观的显示侧颅底骨性结构，有利于侧颅底外科手术方案的设计。