带血管蒂肠浆肌层环贴术防治肠瘘

本文报导用带蒂血管肠浆肌层环贴术防治各种复杂肠瘘,经过十一年的临床观察,疗效满意。本文还着重介绍了手术方法及操作过程中应注意的问题。     

基于组合不变量配准的数字减影算法

在现代医学中，DSA是X光片血管可视化技术的重要组成部分之一，在DSA中图像配准对消除运动伪影起着关键作用。运用一种基于组合不变量的相似度测量的模板匹配和弹性TPS算法配准减影方法，并根据实际情况有所改进。经过试验证明这种方法可以自动并有效地去除运动伪影，其速度和血管图像质量均比较理想。     

带真皮下血管网超薄皮瓣血运重建的实验研究（二）超薄皮瓣血管密度变化的体视学观察

以猪作为动物模型，通过分层抽样，制作各向同性切片，在图像分析仪下对超薄皮瓣的血管密度进行了观察。结果表明：超薄皮瓣血管密度于术后第５天开始出现显著性变化。这种变化首先出现在超薄皮瓣存活部分的远端，之后渐至近端。这种变化在超薄皮瓣血运重建过程中起主要作用。     

Physicochemical aspects of drug release. XV. Investigation of diffusional transport in dissolution of suspended, sparingly soluble drugs

The dissolution rates of sparingly soluble, fine particulate, suspended drugs have been studied using a Coulter Counter Model TAII. For two sieve fractions of oxazepam the dissolution rates were monitored in media with varying viscosities brought about by the addition of glycerol, while for griseofulvin the change in the medium's viscosity was induced by changing the temperature. By calculating the dissolution rate, and compensating for differences in particle surface area and media solubility, it was shown that the dissolution rate was diffusion controlled. After additional normalization for the diffusion coefficient, it was suggested that the so-called apparent diffusional distance decreased substantially with particle size. The effect of particle size was more limited above approx. 15 μm.     

带真皮下血管网超薄皮瓣血运重建的实验研究（三）超薄皮瓣的再血管化与血供变化

以猪作为动物模型，对带真皮下血管网超薄皮瓣的血运重建规律进行了探讨。以超薄皮瓣为实验组，保留真皮下血管网皮片为对照组，按自身配对原则随机分为６个组。通过荧光素显色，透明标本，组织学，明胶墨汁灌注过程中超薄皮瓣的染色情况等观察，发现超薄皮瓣的再血管化发生在术后第５天，至第７天新生血管通过塑形趋于成熟。它既发生在皮瓣与受床之间，又发生在皮瓣与创缘之间，而且由皮瓣成活部分远端渐至近端。     

Morphology of retinal ganglion cells in lungless salamanders (fam. Plethodontidae): an HRP and Golgi study

The family Plethodontidae consists of nearly two-thirds of all living urodeles; most of them possess highly developed visual abilities. We investigated the morphology of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in four representative species by means of the horseradish peroxidase method in flatmounts and in transverse sections and with the Golgi method in transverse sections. In flatmount preparations, four classes of RGCs were found, differing in dendritic arborization, dendritic field size, and stratification pattern of dendrites in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Class-1 cells had small dendritic fields (29-44 microns 2) and arborized throughout the entire depth of the IPL. Class-2 cells had medium to large dendritic fields (75-206 microns 2) and mostly arborized in two or three laminae or in a diffuse fashion in the IPL. Class-3 cells had medium to large dendritic fields (72-200 microns 2) but sparse dendritic arborization. They only arborized in the proximal lamina of the IPL. Class-4 cells had large dendritic fields (273-626 microns 2) and branched in the most sclerad stratum of the IPL. No large differences in intraspecific soma size of the different RGC classes were detected (although interspecific soma size varied to a considerable degree) and no "giant" cells typically found in other vertebrate retinas were present. The results suggest that, with respect to the pattern of arborization and stratification of dendrites, lungless salamanders possess morphological classes of RGC similar to those found in frogs, but the morphology of RGCs in lungless salamanders seems to be simplified in comparison to frog RGCs. This simplification might be a consequence of paedomorphosis.     

Activity in deep intermediate layer collicular neurons during interrupted saccades

The activity of neurons located in the deep intermediate and adjacent deep layers (hereafter called just deep intermediate layer neurons) of the superior colliculus (SC) in monkeys was recorded during saccades interrupted by electrical stimulation of the brainstem omnipause neuron (OPN) region. The goal of the experiment was to determine if these neurons maintained their discharge during the saccadic interruption, and thus, could potentially provide a memory trace for the intended movement which ends accurately on target in spite of the perturbation. The collicular neurons recorded in the present study were located in the rostral three-fifths of the colliculus. Most of these cells tended to show considerable presaccadic activity during a delayed saccade paradigm, and, therefore, probably overlap with the population of SC cells called buildup neurons or prelude bursters in previous studies. The effect of electrical stimulation in the OPN region (which interrupted ongoing saccades) on the discharge of these neurons was measured by computing the percentage reduction in a cell's activity compared to that present during non-interrupted saccades. During saccade interruption about 70% of deep intermediate layer neurons experienced a major reduction (30% or greater) in their activity, but discharge recovered quickly after the termination of the stimulation as the eyes resumed their movement to finish the saccade on the target. Therefore, the pattern of activity recorded in most of the deep intermediate layer neurons during interrupted saccades qualitatively resembled that previously reported for the saccade-related burst neurons which tend to be located more dorsally in the intermediate layer. In contrast, some of our cells (30%) showed little or no perturbation in their activity caused by the saccade interrupting stimulation. Because all the more dorsally located burst neurons and the majority of our deep intermediate layer neurons show a total or major suppression in their discharge during interrupted saccades, it seems unlikely that the colliculus by itself could maintain an accurate memory of the desired saccadic goal or the remaining dynamic motor error required to account for the accuracy of the resumed movement which occurs following the interruption. However, it remains possible that the smaller proportion of our neurons whose activity was not perturbed during interrupted movements could play a role in the mechanisms underlying saccade accuracy in the interrupted saccade paradigm. Interrupted saccades have longer durations than normal saccades to the same target. Therefore, we investigated whether the discharge of our deeper collicular cells was also necessarily prolonged during interrupted saccades, and, if so, how the prolongation compared to the prolongation of the saccade. Sixty percent of our sample neurons showed a prolongation in discharge that was approximately the same as the prolongation in saccade duration (difference < 15 ms in magnitude). The, observation that temporal discharge in our neurons was perturbed to roughly match saccadic temporal perturbation suggests that dynamic feedback about ongoing saccadic motion is provided to the colliculus, but does not necessarily imply that this structure is the site responsible for the computation of dynamic motor error.     

Renewal of the membrane complex of Schistosoma mansoni is closely associated with lipid metabolism

Metabolic pathways leading to lipid biosynthesis in four different developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni were explored and quantified by incubation in the presence of labeled precursors in a chemically defined medium. At the schistosomulum stage and in male, female, or paired worms, glycerol and oleate incorporation into neutral lipids, mainly in the form of triacylglycerols, was greater than into phospholipids, whereas in 11-and 15-day-old worms, synthesis mainly led to phospholipids. Incorporation into phospholipids was recovered largely in phosphatidylcholine, and distribution into other phospholipids depended on the developmental stage. Incorporation of choline and ethanolamine into their respective phospholipids represented up to 15% of the parasitic phospholipid content. The formation of phosphatidylcholine by phosphatidylethanolamine methylation occurred mainly in the immature parasitic stages. Inositol incorporation was also measurable, whereas [14C]serine incorporation was low or undetectable. Addition of 1-palmitoyl-2-[14C]oleyl phosphatidylcholine revealed a very high uptake of this phospholipid by the immature stages but further metabolism was not detectable. In contrast, adult S. mansoni were completely unable to take up or absorb this exogenous phospholipid. The most striking aspect of this study was the relatively high metabolic activity in 11-day-old worms and the lower but sustained activity on day 15 and at the schistosomulum stage. By comparison, biosynthetic activity in adult S. mansoni, on which research studies have been focused until now, was very low. We also discuss the participation of lipid metabolism in the constant renewal of the membrane complex which is essential to parasitism by S. mansoni.     

A statistical analysis and comparison of soma diameter spectra for classical neurones from different regions of the cat retinal ganglion cell layer

Multimodal soma diameter spectra for neurones of the cat retinal ganglion cell layer have been represented by three subpopulations of independent, normal diameter distribution. Recurrent computation according to the technique of Vibert and Caille (1978) has extracted best fit populations for samples from various regions of central and peripheral retina. The model subpopulations from all these regions did not differ significantly in their relative proportions or variance. Significant progressive variation between subpopulations representing different regions of retina were observed only in the mean diameter of the and mode cells. The parameters of the mode population were statistically uniform across the retina. The cat retina thus appears to be more homogeneously organized than has been suggested elsewhere.