Effect of norethisterone acetate on serum lipid and lipoprotein parameters as well as on blood coagulation in female monkeys (M. fascicularis)

The effects of daily oral administration of a high dose of 10 mg norethisterone acetate (NET-Ac.)/kg/day over 14 weeks on serum lipid and lipoprotein parameters as well as on blood coagulation were investigated in female monkeys (M. fascicularis). Measurements of lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol were performed in weeks —5 and — 1 before treatment and in weeks 4, 8 and 12 after treatment. In addition, various blood coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters were determined in weeks 11–14 after treatment with NET-Ac. Furthermore, the serum levels of norethisterone (NET) were determined in order to monitor the real systemic compound exposure and revealed that C_max and AUC (0–3 h) values reached for norethisterone in this experiment in monkeys were about 25 times higher than those obtained after an oral contraceptive dose of NET-Ac. in women.

The results of lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol determinations showed decreases in serum total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol associated with similar decreases in HDL-, LDL- and VLDL-cholesterol fractions after NET-Ac.-treatment in monkeys. These effects were observed from week 4 onwards and maintained their magnitude up to week 12 after treatment. Since both HDL- and LDL-cholesterol fractions decreased, the HDL/LDL-ratio remained almost unchanged. Thus, the results obtained in this study after high-dose treatment with NET-Ac. in monkeys did not indicate any changes of lipid and lipoprotein parameters which in humans are supposed to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular lesions, namely a decrease in HDL- and increase in LDL-cholesterol fractions.

The results of blood coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters showed increased antithrombin-III and plasminogen levels besides minor changes in other parameters, thus indicating that NET-Ac. -treatment does not contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular thrombotic events in the cynomolgus monkey.     

Effects of Sclerocarya birroea Hochst. extract on some metabolic activities in the rat

The decoction of Sclerocarya birroea Hochst. shows hypoglycaemic effects, an increase in plasma IRI in normal rats and an incremented oral-glucose tolerance. The decoction is also active against diet-induced hypercholesterolaemia.     

人体蠕形螨的生物学研究

用透明胶带法观察蠕形螨在人体面部的寄生、逸出及其在体外的存活能力。结果表明：毛囊蠕形螨（Ｄｅｍｏｄ－ｅｘｆｏｌｉｃｕｌｏｒｕｍ，Ｄ．ｆ．）主要以颚体朝向毛囊底部寄生，且常常有多条群居现象，而皮脂蠕形螨，（Ｄｅｍｏｄｅｘｂｒｅｖｉｓ，Ｄ．ｂ．）一般为单条独居生活。两种人体蠕形螨昼夜均可主动爬出毛囊口出现在皮肤表面，Ｄ．ｆ．以白天１０００～１８００为逸出高峰；Ｄ．ｂ．则以夜间２２００～２００逸出最多。此外，蠕形螨在体外有较强的活动力和存活力。透明胶带法在人体蠕形螨的流行病学调查和生物学研究方面具有较高的应用价值     

超市连锁店熟食卤味销售的HACCP研究

应用HACCP的原理和方法,对超市连锁店熟食卤味销售进行了危害因素分析,找出了关键控制点(CCP),提出了控制措施,并建议超市连锁店销售非包装熟食卤味时使用密封低温冷藏展示柜。     

Managing asthma in accident and emergency departments: an assessment in non teaching hospitals

Background: The management and follow-up of asthma patients presenting at Accident and Emergency (A&E) departments have mostly been studied in children's hospitals or specialised teaching hospitals. Aims: To study the adequacy of assessment, treatment and follow-up of patients presenting at A&E departments in non-teaching hospitals. Methods: A twenty-five per cent sample of presentations to A&E departments in all public hospitals in the Illawarra for one year was selected for a case note audit. Information on demographics, assessment, management and referral was extracted from the A&E case notes and medical records of cases with documentation of a final diagnosis of asthma. Chi square and Fischer's Exact tests were used for comparisons among hospitals. Results: Of 359 presentations with a final diagnosis of asthma, 88% were self referred and only 5% were first presentations. Objective measures of airways obstruction was not documented in 34% of admissions and 48% of nonadmissions. There was no documented follow-up in 28% of cases. The assessment and management of asthma in A&E was significantly poorer in smaller hospitals. Conclusion: Evidence of high use of A&E as a primary care facility by asthma patients was found in the study. There is a need to implement protocols to optimise assessment and treatment of asthma in smaller hospitals. (Aust NZ J Med 1993; 23: 672–677.).     

The scope of the cataract problem in the Middle East and the Mediterranean

The region is characterized by diversity in cultural, political, economic and health conditions. Blindness in the region varies from 6.4% to 0.2% with cataract ranking highly as an underlying cause. There is a need to develop national policies to deliver affordable, technically suitable, and cost effective management plans to reduce cataract. Economic, demographic, health, and manpower statistics are essential information to be considered in formulating such policies.     

鼻部源性突眼的CT分析

目的：为了提高对鼻部源性突眼的认识。材料和方法：本文19例鼻部源性突眼，其中鼻咽癌7例，鼻咽纤维血管瘤2例，鼻腔纤维血管瘤、恶性肉芽肿和嗅神经母细胞瘤各1例，上颌窦癌和软骨肉瘤各2例，上颌窦恶性肉芽肿、纤维肉瘤和恶性纤维组织细胞瘤各1例，全部病例均作轴位CT扫描，12例加作增强扫描，详细分析了它们CT表现。结果：源于鼻咽的放疗前鼻咽癌和纤维血管瘤，其病变主要位于鼻咽腔和咽旁，后者显著增强并有钙斑，与前者不同；源于上颌窦的肿瘤，病变占据上颌窦的全部或大部分，软骨肉瘤有钙斑且无强化，易与其它肿瘤区别，它们破坏上颌窦顶部进入眼眶；鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤在鼻腔和筛窦形成肿块，破坏筛骨眶板侵入眼眶。结论：根据CT所见，可判断突眼原因。     

Phase II trial of piroxantrone in patients with recurrent and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Summary Twenty-two patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with piroxantrone 150 mg/m² intravenously every 21 days. There were no objective responses. The 95% upper confidence bound for response is 15%. Primary toxicity was hematologic.     

Patient-proxy response comparability on measures of patient health and functional status

The present study evaluates the response comparability between 361 elderly hip fracture patients admitted from the community to seven Baltimore area hospitals between 1984 and 1986 and interviewer selected proxies on items pertaining to patients' pre-fracture health and functional status. Agreement across items ranges from very poor to good and varies with respect to the health or functional area assessed. Proxies tend to overestimate patient disability relative to the patients themselves, especially with regard to capacity to perform instrumental activities of daily living. Although proxies who report the greatest contact with patients respond most comparably to the patients, when they do disagree, proxies with the greatest patient contact tend to overestimate patient disability. The authors suggest that attention to item construction and phrasing may improve response comparability.     

常用消毒剂及自来水对弓形虫速殖子活力的影响

目的了解常用消毒剂及自来水对弓形虫速殖子活力的影响。方法将各种消毒剂分别加入等体积含弓形虫速殖子的小鼠腹水中，在不同时间内观察虫体胎盘蓝（trypanblue）着色率及活动率，并将经消毒剂处理不同时间的速殖予接种昆明鼠，观察速殖子能否在接种鼠体内复苏繁殖，导致小鼠死亡。用类似方法观察自来水时速殖子的影响。结果除甲醛个速殖子在常用浓度的不同消毒剂中，lmin月台盘蓝着色率均为100％，活动率为0。经消毒剂处理1min的速殖子接种小鼠后，各组接种鼠（包括甲醛处理组）无一死亡。经自来水处理4h的速殖子接种小鼠后仍能在小鼠体内复苏繁殖，小鼠于接种1wk内全部死亡。结论弓形虫速殖子对常用消毒剂均很敏感；而在自来水中途殖子可保持感染力4h以上。