胸椎黄韧带骨化症的诊断与治疗

目的总结胸椎黄韧带骨化症（TOLF）的临床特点,手术方法及疗效,提高治疗效果。方法回顾性分析37例经过手术治疗的胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者的临床资料,其中30例行后路半关节突全椎板切除减压术,7例行后路半关节突全椎板切除加前路经胸腔侧前方椎管减压椎间盘切除及植骨融合内固定术。结果37例患者全部获得随访,随访时间6～78个月,平均38个月,疗效参照Epstein标准,优21例、良10例、改善5例、差1例。优良率83．78％。结论胸椎黄韧带骨化症一旦确诊,尽快手术治疗是唯一选择,手术可获得满意的疗效,手术疗效与脊髓损伤程度和病程长短有关。     

上睑下垂的手术治疗

上睑下垂矫正手术的根本目的:提高下垂的上睑,恢复正常的睑裂高度,露出瞳孔,扩大视野,防止弱视,矫正异常形态,改善面容。既要达到功能上的恢复,又要达到美容目的。上睑下垂的手术治疗方法较多,每种方法都不是尽善尽美。本文根据手术原理对手术方式进行综述。     

三叉神经岩骨嵴压迹的研究及临床应用

目的对原发性三叉神经痛患者做薄层CT及MRI扫描,观察三叉神经的跨越岩骨嵴处的解剖学特点找到原发性三叉神经痛可靠的CT定位的放疗靶点。方法我们对95例原发性三叉神经痛病人采用17~29 Gy的剂量进行X刀放疗,应用50例患者进行薄`层CT研究,扫描层厚为1.25 mm及0.625 mm,同时进行1.25 mm层厚MRI扫描,并进行CT和MRI图象融合研究。结果结果发现在1.25 mm层厚压迹发现率94%,0.625 mm压迹发现率100%,CT和MRI图象融合发现MRI图象显示的三叉神经穿越岩骨嵴形成的凹陷完全一致,准确率100%。放疗效果有效率为85.26%。结论三叉神经跨越岩骨嵴处存在压迹,这一骨性标志是原发性三叉神经痛放疗的可靠标志点。     

Bcl-2与VEGF在膀胱移行细胞癌的表达及其意义

目的:探讨凋亡抑制基因Bcl-2与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)蛋白在膀胱移行细胞癌(TCC)组织的表达,以及二者表达与TCC生物学行为的相关性.方法:分别对45例TCC组织、34例相应的癌旁组织和10例正常膀胱组织,采用免疫组织化学法检测Bcl-2的表达,免疫蛋白印迹(Western Blotting)法检测VEGF蛋白的表达,并采用DNA原位末端标记(TUNEL)法检测细胞凋亡指数(AI).结果:Bcl-2和VEGF蛋白在45例TCC组织中的阳性表达率分别为51.1%和62.2%,均显著高于癌旁组织(7.9%和5.9%)(P<0.05);而在正常膀胱组织二者均无表达.同时,Bcl-2在VEGF表达阳性的TCC组织中呈高度表达,Bcl-2和VEGF的表达密切相关(x2=5.148,P<0.05).结论:提示Bcl-2可能参与TCC的发生和发展;Bcl-2可能通过上调VEGF的表达而促进TCC的转移,同时VEGF也可能通过诱导Bcl-2的表达而抑制肿瘤细胞的凋亡.     

Dual Venous Drainage for the Free Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap—Using the Serratus Vein Tributary—Making Virtue of a Necessity

Background  Most flap failures in the lower limb are on account of venous congestion. Literature shows a decrease in the incidence of venous failure when two veins are anastomosed. The thoracodorsal pedicle of the latissimus dorsi free flap affords the possibility of a single venous anastomosis. The lack of a second venous outflow could result in venous congestion in the distal limits of the flap, particularly when long flaps are required for large defects or when the recipient veins are smaller in diameter. Methods  We describe a consecutive series of 11 cases of latissimus dorsi flaps for leg and foot defects with a mean defect size of 310 cm ² , where the serratus anterior vein was used as a second venous outflow channel to ensure maximal venous drainage. Results  There were no re-explorations for anastomotic causes. Only one case had partial distal muscle necrosis. There was a delayed anastomotic blowout due to infection resulting in amputation in one case. There was no partial distal muscle necrosis in nine of the ten cases. Conclusion  Using the serratus vein as a second venous outflow is of use in reducing incidence of venous occlusion and distal muscle necrosis and can be specially indicated for large flaps and venous diameter discrepancy.     

Ductal prostate cancer: Clinical features and outcomes from a multicenter retrospective analysis and overview of the current literature

ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to evaluate clinical features and outcomes after different therapeutic strategies for ductal prostate adenocarcinoma (DPC), a rare but aggressive subtype of invasive prostate cancer (PCa) accounting for, in the pure and mixed form, 1% or less and 5% or less, respectively, of all the newly diagnosed PCa.Materials and methodsPatients with a proven diagnosis of DPC undergoing surgery, radiotherapy, and androgen deprivation therapy, alone or in combination, were considered for this multicenter, retrospective study. The study assessed overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and age-related disease-specific survival.ResultsEighty-one patients met the study inclusion criteria. Pure DPC was found in 29 patients (36%) and mixed ductal-acinar-PCa in 52 patients (64%). After a median follow-up of 63 months (range, 3–206 months), 3- and 5-year OS rates were 84% and 67%, respectively, and 3- and 5-year DFS rates were 54% and 34%, respectively. There were no significant differences in OS or DFS between the pure and mixed DPC groups. Pure DPC was associated with a higher rate of metastatic disease at onset. Patients 74 years or younger had better disease-specific survival (p=0.0019). A subgroup analysis favored radiotherapy as the primary treatment for nonmetastatic, organ-confined DPC (3- and 5-year DFS of 80% and 50%, respectively, compared with 5-year DFS of 35% for surgical patients; p = 0.023).ConclusionsOur study found DPC to be rarer, more aggressive, more likely to metastasize, and have a worse prognosis than the common acinar variant, especially in its pure form. Multicenter series are encouraged to obtain large data sets, or propensity score matching analyses with patients with conventional PCa are desirable to understand the best therapeutic approach and improve outcomes.     

肝移植术后肠道菌群失调的诊疗策略

肝移植术后会发生多种近期以及远期并发症。在术后早期,由于多重耐药菌的产生很容易导致各种感染,其中之一表现为肠道菌群失调。在过去的十年中,一系列研究发现肠道菌群在维持肠道稳态方面具有重要功能。肠道菌群通过多种途径与其他器官相互影响,其中肠肝轴是最关键的体内微环境调节通道之一。肠道菌群在数量和成分上的改变均能导致肠道菌群失调。无论在局部还是全身系统,肠道菌群与免疫系统都存在广泛的交互作用。本文着重探讨肝移植术后肠道菌群失调发生的危险因素、肠道菌群失调对肝移植受者的影响以及相关的治疗方案。     

膝板股韧带附着区外侧半月板后角撕裂的MRI表现及诊断价值

目的 探讨膝板股韧带附着区外侧半月板后角（PHLM）撕裂的MRI表现及鉴别诊断价值。 方法 选取2012年12月至2018年6月因前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤在南通市通州区中医院就诊的35例膝板股韧带附着区PHLM撕裂患者作为观察组,搜集同期30例ACL损伤但非PHLM撕裂患者作为对照A组,另选取同期例行体检的30名健康者作为对照B组。3组受试者均行膝关节MRI检查,观察3组受试者的MRI表现。分别应用χ 2检验、单因素方差分析和t检验分析膝关节MRI征象的发生率、膝关节周围结构的损伤情况及膝关节线状高信号影显示的层数和长度,并采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析鉴别诊断PHLM真、假性撕裂的效能。 结果 观察组患者在MRI矢状面和横断面图像上均表现为明显的PHLM周缘部线状高信号,矢状面上可连续检出（5.75±1.38）层（称“连续线征”）,横断面上自内向外延伸（15.06±5.02）mm（称“拉链征”）,与对照A组、B组比较差异均有统计学意义（F=43.231、36.113,均P<0.05）。以“连续线征”和“拉链征”作为阳性标准,MRI诊断膝板股韧带附着区PHLM撕裂的灵敏度为85.71%、特异度为95.00%、准确率为91.58%。 结论 膝板股韧带附着区PHLM撕裂在MRI上有明显的征象,辅以“连续线征”和“拉链征”进行鉴别诊断,可明显提升诊断效果。     

黄绵马酸AB的合成

黄绵马酸AB是香鳞毛蕨中具有多种生物活性的双环型间苯三酚衍生物。对黄绵马酸AB采用逆合成分析法进行结构分析,利用拼合原理设计合成了黄绵马酸AB。以间苯三酚为原料,经维尔斯迈尔-哈克反应、还原反应和酰基化反应合成2-甲基-4-丁酰基间苯三酚,经酰基化反应、烷基化反应和脱酰基反应合成绵马酸片段,最后以N,N-二甲基亚甲基碘化铵活化反应得到黄绵马酸AB。中间体和黄绵马酸AB经MS、1H NMR和13C NMR进行结构确证,目标产物总收率达14. 7%,设计的黄绵马酸AB合成路线原料易得且操作简便。     

云南省昭通市2005-2014年老年人HIV/AIDS流行特征分析

目的 了解云南省昭通市2005-2014年≥50岁老年人艾滋病的流行特点,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统艾滋病综合防治信息系统收集昭通市2005-2014年≥50岁老年人艾滋病疫情报告资料,对其基本情况、传播途径和流行趋势等进行分析。结果 昭通市2005-2014年累计报告≥50岁艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病病人(HIV/AIDS)540例,平均年龄(62.1±8.9)岁,男性67.8%(366/540),女性32.2%(174/540)。文化程度以文盲和小学为主,分别为42.2%(228/540)和40.4%(218/540);职业以农民为主为76.6%(414/540);婚姻状况为已婚者较多,占65.0%(351/540)。传播途径以异性接触传播为主,占93.3%(504/540);老年人HIV/AIDS主要分布在疫情较重、经济发达的县(区)。≥50岁HIV/AIDS占当年新报告HIV/AIDS比例逐渐增加,从2005年的1.7%上升到2014年的36.0%,差异有统计学意义(χ_趋势²=197.9,P<0.01);异性接触传播占当年报告比例从2005年的10.0%增加到2014年的37.0%,差异有统计学意义(χ_趋势²=119.5,P<0.01)。结论 昭通市老年人艾滋病疫情比较严重,应将老年人艾滋病防治工作纳入常规工作,根据老年人特点开展有针对性的综合干预服务。