Cooling prevents ischaemic testicular damage after spermatic cord clamping in rats

A controlled trial was conducted on four groups of seven rats to evaluate any beneficial effect of cooling to 15 degrees C on testicular ischaemia induced by clamping of the spermatic cord for 2, 4, 6 or 8 h. At operation the microscopic appearance of the testes on unclamping was a poor guide to ultimate viability, whereas by the third day macroscopic and microscopic appearances concurred. When killed on the third day, testicular histology demonstrated that increasing periods of clamping led to gross ischaemia and infarction when testes were maintained at 37 degrees C, and this was reduced greatly by testicular cooling. For each period of clamping, maintenance of spermatogenesis, expressed in terms of Johnsen's histological scores, was significant (P less than 0.01), being 2 (37 degrees C) vs 5.3 (15 degrees C) for 8-h clamping. It is proposed that testicular cooling should be used during autotransplantation of testes in humans.     

Henoch-Schönlein purpura — a surgical review

A review of the complication associated with Henoch-Schonlein purpura is presented with particular reference to those requiring surgical management. Gastrointestinal involvement occurred in 105 patients and was complicated by Intussusception in three patients and by perforation in one. Laparotomy was undertaken In to patients. Involvement of the scrotum and testis occurred in 29 patients and suggested torsion of the testis on occasion. Renal involvement occurred in 45 patients and was associated with renal impairment in six. Recommendations for the management of surgical complications are discussed.     

Acute epididymo-orchitis in an undescended testicle

Establishing the diagnosis of a groin lump may be difficult, largely due to the large number of potential differential diagnoses. Indeed, this case was originally referred as a strangulated hernia. Despite the final diagnosis being infection of an undescended testicle, the patient did not report that he only ever had one scrotal testicle despite his 78 years of age.     

苯并(a)芘对雄性小鼠睾丸细胞周期的影响

目的研究苯并(a)芘对雄性小鼠睾丸细胞周期的影响.方法采用流式细胞术研究雄性小鼠睾丸细胞周期.结果不同剂量的苯并(a)芘可以使睾丸细胞各时相的细胞百分数发生变化,随着苯并(a)芘染毒剂量的增加,G0/G1、S时相的细胞百分数明显减少,5,10,20 mg/kg各剂量染毒组与阴性对照组比较差异具有显著性(P＜0.01).G2/M时相的细胞百分数逐渐增多,各剂量组与阴性对照组比较具有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论苯并(a)芘可以抑制睾丸细胞的DNA合成,引起G2期细胞阻滞,使细胞有丝分裂延迟.     

"肾应冬"睾丸差异基因表达的实验研究

目的筛选出数个在冬夏季节变化中睾丸差异表达的基因片段。方法采用DDRT-PCR方法检测睾丸标本总RNA。结果①得到44条差异片段,测序10条片段,有7条与已知的基因有较高同源性。②发现了3个新基因,被基因库收录,收录号为CK743226,CK743227,CK743228。结论①生理状态下,冬夏季节变化可以导致睾丸基因表达的变化。②松果腺对性腺的季节性调节是通过基因的差异表达而实现的。③经过Genebank检索所发现的3条新基因可能是动物自身应时而变调节的需要,也是动物自身进化的需要。④“肾应冬”具有物质基础,其调节机制涉及松果腺对睾丸差异基因表达的调节作用。     

甲醛对小鼠睾丸细胞凋亡和细胞周期的影响

目的：研究甲醛对小鼠睾丸细胞凋亡和细胞周期的影响,探讨甲醛对雄性小鼠的生殖与遗传毒性及其作用机制。 方法：雄性健康昆明种小鼠随机分为阴性对照组（NC）、甲醛染毒组和阳性对照组（PC）,每组12只。采用静式吸入染毒,各染毒组吸入甲醛浓度分别是21(1/24LC₅₀)、42 (1/12 LC₅₀>)和84 mg·m^-3 (1/6 LC₅₀),阴性对照组吸入正常空气,阳性对照组腹腔注射环磷酰胺（50 mg·kg-1）。染毒结束后处死小鼠,检测各组小鼠睾丸细胞凋亡和细胞周期的变化。结果：1/6LC₅₀染毒组小鼠睾丸细胞凋亡率显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05);随着甲醛剂量的增加,S期细胞百分数逐渐增加,G0/G1和G2+M期的细胞百分数逐渐减少,各剂量染毒组小鼠睾丸细胞S期细胞百分数显著高于阴性对照组,1/6LC₅₀染毒组G0/G1和G2+M期的细胞百分数显著低于其他剂量组(P<0.05)。 结论：甲醛可以使小鼠睾丸细胞凋亡率增加,并影响其细胞周期,具有一定的生殖遗传毒性。     

Percutaneous biopsy of the testicle: A mini review with a proposal flow chart for non-obstructive azoospermia

Abstract

A general consensus on the role of testicular biopsy in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is needed. This paper reviews and updates technical aspects and clinical performance of the percutaneous testicular biopsy techniques, in particular large-needle aspiration biopsy (LNAB), and proposes a flow chart for the management of NOA.

The English literature and original data were reviewed or analyzed. Large-needle biopsy (LNB) includes large-needle cutting biopsy (LNCB) and large-needle aspiration biopsy (LNAB). LNCB usually requires scrotal incision for the insertion of relatively large needles. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) does not require surgical equipment or expertise, employs the smallest needles (23- to 20-gauge), and permits sperm cytologic detection. LNAB also does not require surgical equipment or expertise, employs needles of size from 20- to 18-gauge, is safe, and can be used for testicular histology and sperm recovery.

An operative flow chart is proposed for the management of NOA in which FNAB, LNAB and open surgical biopsy are used for the optimal management of NOA.     

改良Bianchi术治疗中低位双侧隐睾的体会

目的:探讨改良Bianchi术治疗双侧中低位隐睾的可行性。方法:从2012年1月~2014年2月,采用改良Bianchi术治疗双侧中低位隐睾12例,其中,低位9例(包括滑动性隐睾2例),中位3例。该组患儿年龄0.6~4.8岁,平均1.3岁。采取经阴囊中缝单一切口入路进行手术,术后所有患儿平均随访10个月。结果:12例患儿均成功完成手术,未出现并发症,平均手术时间低于传统术式,两者比较,差异有统计学意义,P<0.01。结论:改良Bianchi术治疗双侧中低位隐睾具有损伤小,切口隐蔽,与传统手术方法相比在手术时间以及术后恢复方面优势明显,有一定推广应用价值。