儿疝消汤治疗小儿睾丸鞘膜积液举隅

采用自拟儿疝消汤口服与药渣外敷相结合的方法,治疗小儿睾丸鞘膜积液,临床取得了较为满意的治疗效果。儿疝消汤具有温阳利水、行气化积、消肿散结的功效,治疗小儿睾丸鞘膜积液具有经济实用,方便快捷之优势。     

The impact of hidden loss

Abstract

The extraordinarily productive method of infant observation we have inherited from Esther Bick is a rich source of learning for all those who practise it. In this paper, I insist more particularly on the development of receptivity in the observer's mind. I illustrate this particular feature both in my work of supervising observers and in the preventive and therapeutic applications of infant observation. Through the meticulousness of the method and the supervision group, observers gradually learn how to liberate their own capacity for receptivity. They let themselves absorb that which is conveyed to them much more smoothly through various more or less primitive means of communication. The infant's projections have to be transformed in the adult carer's mind in order for meaning to emerge. The containing function, in Bion's sense of the term, possesses these two elements: message reception and transformation. It is this internal capacity for mindful and containing receptivity that infant observation trains in the observer. This has also been proven to be a valuable function to be harnessed therapeutically in the service of promoting infant mental health.     

甲醛对雄性幼鼠的生殖毒性

目的:了解甲醛通过呼吸道对雄性幼鼠的睾丸组织的损伤作用,探讨甲醛污染对生殖系统的影响。方法:实验对象为昆明种小白鼠,采用动态气体灌流染毒装置模拟甲醛短期暴露;甲醛释放量分别为1.0、3.0 mg/m~3,连续染毒7天,每天6小时;制作小鼠睾丸的常规石蜡切片,与对照组相比较,观察其病理变化;使用酶试剂盒检测睾丸组织的抗氧化酶GSH-PX、SOD、CAT和GSH的活性,以此了解气态甲醛对睾丸组织的氧化性损伤作用。结果:高浓度甲醛的吸入能够引起幼鼠睾丸组织各级生殖细胞的数量减少、坏死;2个试验剂量都没有检测到睾丸组织氧化性损伤,但观察到睾丸的蛋白含量和甲醛剂量之间存在线性关系。结论:甲醛在短期连续染毒幼鼠的情况下,存在生殖系统毒性。     

鄂尔多斯沙地草场小毛足鼠8年繁殖生态的研究

目的研究小毛足鼠繁殖生态。方法1991—1998年每年的4—10月中旬在鄂尔多斯沙地草场的不同生境内，利用直线夹日法调查，捕获鼠全部称重、测量后解剖，记录繁殖情况。结果1991—1998年在该地共捕鼠10种，小毛足鼠是优势种之一，占捕获鼠的30．93％。共捕获小毛足鼠2562只，其中雌性1258只，雌性比为（49．10±1．94）％，性比年度和季节变化不明显。雄鼠年平均睾丸下降率为（70．55±2．47）％，睾丸下降2月开始10月结束。雌性年平均怀孕率和胎盘斑率分别为（26．39±2．43）％和（21．38±2．27）％，平均胚仔数和胎盘斑数分别为（6．23±0．18）个和（5．38±0．49）个，年平均繁殖2次的占雌鼠的（4．13±1．10）％。平均繁殖指数为1．062±0．162，雌性繁殖3月开始11月结束。睾丸下降率、雌性怀孕率和繁殖指数的年际与季节变化明显。结论小毛足鼠性比、雄性睾丸下降率、雌性怀孕率及胎仔数等年度间和季节均有差异。     

Gunshot wounds to the scrotum: a large single-institutional 20-year experience

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Penetrating trauma to the scrotum often requires operative intervention, with testicular salvage only possible when enough testicular tissue can be re‐approximated in the traumatic setting. The present report represents the largest series of gunshot wound trauma to the scrotum in the literature. Further, it validates recommendations of the European Association of Urology guidelines on urological trauma that advocate operative intervention due to minimal rates of patient morbidity and the inherent limitations of scrotal ultrasonography in discerning testicular compromise.

OBJECTIVE

• ? To report our 20‐year experience of gunshot wounds (GSWs) to the scrotum and outline the management of this traumatic injury.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

• ? We queried our institutional database for patients presenting with GSWs to the scrotum between 1985 and 2006.
• ? All patients underwent the standard trauma evaluation upon presentation, including physical examination of the external genitalia. Management was dictated by the presence or absence of a penetrating injury to the scrotum and associated traumatic injuries.
• ? Nonoperative and operative management of traumatic injury to the scrotum were used. Testicular salvage was performed when anatomically feasible. If testicular salvage was not feasible, an orchiectomy was performed.

RESULTS

• ? Scrotal exploration was performed in 91 (94%) patients while six (6%) patients were treated nonoperatively.
• ? Testicular injury was found in 44 (48%) patients undergoing exploration, six (7%) of whom had bilateral testicular injuries, which gave a total of 50 injured testicles.
• ? Of the injured testicles, 24 (48%) could not be salvaged and required orchiectomy, while 26 (52%) were debrided and repaired.
• ? The most common associated genitourinary (GU) injuries were to the corpora cavernosum (n= 20 [21%]) and urethra (n= 10 [10%]). Soft tissue injury of the extremities occurred in 54 patients (56%), representing the most common non‐GU‐associated injury.
• ? Postoperative complications occurred infrequently: one patient (1%) returned for abscess drainage and one (1%) for haematoma evacuation.

CONCLUSIONS

• ? The present report confirms that any patient with a penetrating injury to the scrotum should undergo immediate scrotal exploration.
• ? A low clinical suspicion for performing additional studies to rule out associated urethral and/or penile injury is clinically warranted.
• ? Testicular loss occurs in ≈50% of injured testicles.

     

过敏性紫癜合并睾丸受累5例的观察与护理

目的：对小儿过敏性紫癜合并睾丸受累的护理经验总结。方法：对5例过敏性紫癜合并睾丸受累的患儿根据临床特征采取相应护理措施。结果：通过饮食控制、药物治疗的护理、健康护理、心理护理，使病情得到控制。结论：护理措施得当，对提高临床效果减少惠儿痛苦起重要作用。     

对二氯苯染毒雄性小鼠体细胞与生殖细胞染色体畸变分析

[目的 ]研究对二氯苯的遗传毒性作用。 [方法 ] 40只雄性昆明种小鼠随机分成 5组 ,每组 8只。实验组小鼠连续 5d分别以 180 0、90 0、45 0mg/kg剂量对二氯苯经口灌胃 ,阴性对照组小鼠以等量花生油灌胃 ,阳性对照组小鼠以40mg/kg剂量环磷酰胺腹腔注射。末次染毒 2 4h后处死动物 ,分析骨髓细胞以及精原细胞与初级精母细胞染色体畸变率。 [结果 ]对二氯苯各剂量染毒组雄性小鼠骨髓细胞以及精原细胞和初级精母细胞染色体畸变率与阴性对照组比较均无统计学显著性增高 (P >0 0 5 ) ,各剂量染毒组初级精母细胞常染色体早熟分离发生率与阴性对照组比较也均无统计学显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但高剂量染毒组初级精母细胞性染色体早熟分离发生率非常显著高于阴性对照组 (P <0 0 1)。[结论 ]在本实验剂量下未观察到对二氯苯对骨髓细胞染色体结构畸变的诱发作用 ,但一定剂量对二氯苯可能对初级精母细胞性染色体早熟分离有一定的影响     

牦牛鞭中激素,氨基酸,无机元素含量分析

目的：探讨牦牛鞭壮阳，滋阴及保健作用的机理，方法：分别采用ＧＳ－ＭＳ，氨基酸自动分析及原子吸收分光光度计检测牦牛鞭中睾酮，双氢睾酮，氨基酸及微量元素的含量，结果：睾丸酮含量为６．０４ｍｇ／ｇ，双氢睾酮为１．８ｎｇ／ｇ，并含有多种氨基酸及微量元素，结论：牦牛鞭的壮阳，滋阴及营养保健作用与其含有激素，氨基酸及微量元素有关。     

阴囊肉膜外固定加睾丸牵引治疗隐睾症

目的　探讨治疗隐睾症的理想术式。方法　对 74例隐睾患者采用阴囊肉膜外固定加睾丸牵引术治疗隐睾症。结果　 74例隐睾患者均采用阴囊肉膜外固定加睾丸牵引术 ,固定睾丸 82个。 74例术后睾丸均位于阴囊底部 ,复位良好 ,随访 1-2年 ,无 1例隐睾复发。结论　阴囊肉膜外固定加睾丸牵引这一术式具有固定睾丸效果好、有效预防隐睾复发等优点。