Balloon inflation-created subdartos pouch during orchiopexy: a new simplified technique

Purpose  Creation of subdartos pouch is an integral part of orchidopexy. The objective of this study was to describe and evaluate the results that can be achieved by using a new simplified technique (creation of subdartos pouch by balloon inflation of small sized Foley’s or Fogarty catheter during orchiopexy). Materials and methods  Seventy-five boys with undescended testicle had been operated upon at King Abdul Aziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia in the period from April 2007 to April 2008. The technique will be described in detail. All patients were followed up for 12 months on average, range (2–12) months. Results  They were 75 boys with undescended testicle, 53(71%) palpable cases [48(64%) unilateral, 5(7%) bilateral] and 22(29%) impalpable cases [20(26%) unilateral, 2(3%) bilateral]. Mean age of 13 ± 1.47 months (range, 9–36 months). The mean operative time was 11.5 ± 1.12 min. (range, 10–15 min) for each orchiopexy; whereas, the mean operative time for creation of subdartos pouch was 23.7 ± 1.12 s (range, 20–30 s). There were no intraoperative or early postoperative complications (hematoma or infection). There was no evidence of testicular atrophy by testicular ultrasound among cases of palpable testes. Only two testes among the cases of impalpable testes became smaller in size but viable after 12 months. However, almost all families were happy with good esthetic appearance of the scrotum. Conclusion  The new technique of balloon inflation-created subdartos pouch during orchiopexy is an easy, safe bloodless and quick technique with good cosmetic outcome.     

原发性腹茧症合并隐睾术前误诊4例

目的:提高腹茧症的诊治水平.方法:我院2006-01/12收治的原发性腹茧症患者4例临床资料,以急性肠梗阻入院,查体发现均合并单侧隐睾,全部病例行剖腹探查.结果:术中证实腹茧症诊断,手术方案采取全部或部分包膜切除、肠黏连松解、肠排列术等,均痊愈出院.结论:腹茧症临床表现无特异性,术前诊断困难,对合并隐睾的肠梗阻应考虑到腹茧症的可能,手术治疗是腹茧症有效的治疗方法.     

NLRP6基因敲除对小鼠生长繁育和实质器官的影响

目的 NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白6（NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 6,NLRP6）是新发现的寡聚化核苷酸结合结构域样受体家族成员,广泛表达于肠道、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏和肌肉等组织器官,在炎症、焦亡和自噬等多种生物过程发挥广泛的调节作用。近期研究表明,NLRP6在应激条件下对多种组织器官的疾病表型具有重要影响。然而,NLRP6对组织器官生长发育的影响尚未可知。方法 采用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建NLRP6基因敲除小鼠,饲养并记录小鼠的生长和繁殖情况。将小鼠的脾、肝、心、肾、脑、四肢和后背皮肤等组织器官进行解剖和切片染色,以评估NLRP6基因敲除对实质器官的宏观发育影响和对组织结构的微观影响。结果 在自然状态下,NLRP6基因敲除缩短了雄鼠的性成熟期并使成年雄鼠的睾丸发生不可逆的破溃与萎缩。在四肢发育上,NLRP6基因敲除诱导成年雄鼠后肢横纹肌断裂,导致后肢明显萎缩。在脾脏发育上,NLRP6基因敲除不仅显著增加了雄鼠的脾脏体积（P<0.01）还诱导雄鼠脾脏出现炎性细胞浸润。在后背皮肤上,NLRP6基因敲除引发雄鼠后背皮肤出现明显的溃疡损伤、胶原纤维增生和炎性细胞浸润。结论 在自然生长发育条件下,NLRP6基因敲除选择性影响小鼠的生殖器发育与性成熟期、后肢肌肉发育、脾脏大小及其炎症免疫状态以及后背皮肤的结构完整性,而且这一作用具有明显的雄激素依赖性。     

Seminoma in undescended testes

The role of cryptorchidism in testicular carcinogenesis has been of concern for many physicians for quite a long time. The probability of a malignant neoplasm developing in an undescended testicle is about 20 to 48 times greater than a normally descended testicle. In a review of 74 patients treated with a diagnosis of testicular seminoma at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, from 1959 to 1978, six cases were identified with a history of cryptorchidism. A detailed review of these patients along with literature review is done in this paper. The different etiologic factors for tumorigenesis in this group of patients is also discussed. The importance of periodic follow-up of these patients is also stressed in this paper.     

Testicular cytotoxicity of intravenous methotrexate in rats

Although the testicular cytotoxicity of methotrexate has been evaluated in the rat, previous models have utilized routes other than the intravenous one, and have generally employed multiple-dose regimens. In this report, we describe testicular toxicity in the Sprague-Dawley rat following a single intravenous bolus of methotrexate (0-700 mg/kg body weight [BW]), with necropsy 56 days later. Testicular toxicity was evaluated qualitatively by histology and quantitatively by testicular weight, sperm head count, modified Johnsen score, repopulation index, and epididymal index. Effects of methotrexate on heart, lung, liver, and kidney histology were evaluated qualitatively. Oligospermia occurred at low and intermediate dosages of methotrexate, but testicular atrophy was not observed. LD₅₀ at day five for methotrexate appears to be approximately 300 mg/kg BW using this regimen. This model will facilitate the study of techniques to avoid drug-induced testicular damage. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

The epidemiology of trauma of the genitourinary system after traffic accidents: analysis of a register of over 43,000 victims

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the frequency and type of injury to the genitourinary system, by user category, after traffic accidents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The register which forms the basis of this study is unique in Europe and includes 43,056 victims of road traffic accidents, and was compiled between 1996 and 2001. The categories of road users included: motorists, motorcyclists, cyclists, pedestrians, van and bus users, and roller skaters. The urological complication rate was analysed for each category. RESULTS: In all, 199 cases of trauma of the genitourinary system (0.46%) were recorded. The most frequent urological complications were renal (43%) and testicular trauma (24%), the former most frequent in motorists (65%) and pedestrians (29%), and the latter in motorcyclists (41%). CONCLUSIONS: An analysis of this register provides better knowledge of the urogenital injuries after traffic accidents. Renal and testicular injuries are the most frequent.     

雷公藤甲素亚慢性中毒对昆明种小鼠肾脏及睾丸的影响

为了观察雷公藤甲素肾脏及睾丸的毒性影响,80只昆明小鼠随机分成3个实验组和1个对照组。60d内3个实验组的小鼠每48h腹腔注射雷公藤甲素一次（A组0.025mg/kg,B组0.05mg/kg,C组0.1mg/kg）。结果显示肾脏病变除肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死外,肾小管管腔内出现蛋白管型,最后处死的所有实验组动物的90％以上肾小球囊壁壁层上皮不同程度地增生,BUN检测结果表明,B组和C组均显著性升高（P<0.05）,提示有发展成肾功能衰竭的趋势。说明甲素对小鼠的肾损害可能是亚慢性中毒者的主要死亡原因之一。睾丸病变明显,表现为睾丸萎缩,脏器系数降低,各级生精细胞变性、坏死,数量减少,其中以精子、精子细胞和次级精母细胞最敏感,实验结果还表明甲素对睾丸具有蓄积毒性。提示雷公藤在抗生育作用中,甲素起着非常重要的作用。     

补锌对大鼠烫伤后睾丸营养状态、功能与形态的影响

目的：严重烧伤往往造成睾丸的退行性病变,本实验考察补锌是否有利于睾丸营养状态、结构、内分泌功能与生精功能的恢复。方法：１月龄大鼠进食低锌饲料１周形成缺锌模型,造成２０％ＴＢＳＡ深二度烫伤后饲以不同含锌量饲料（含锌量分别为：１．６μｇ／ｇ、２４．７μｇ／ｇ、２８６．９μｇ／ｇ）,分析睾丸锌、铜、镁、钙、ＤＮＡ、蛋白质、睾酮含量,观察睾丸病理改变。同时设一组大鼠烫伤前后均进食正常含锌饲料（含锌量：２４     

Differentially expressed microRNA in testicular tissues of hyperuricaemia rats

This study is to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs in testicular tissues of rats with hyperuricaemia-induced male infertility. We found that the hyperuricaemia model group had significantly increased serum uric acid, while significantly decreased sperm concentration and motile sperm percentage than normal group (p < .05). A total of 39 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the testicular tissues of hyperuricaemia rats compared with the control rats, ten of which were validated by real-time PCR. The target mRNAs of 7 differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-10b-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-183-5p, miR-362-3p and miR-509-5p) from 3’-untranslated region binding perspective were enriched in signalling pathways of Wnt, Jak-STAT, mTOR and MAPK. The target mRNAs of 6 differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-136-5p, miR-144-3p, miR-99a-5p, miR-509-5p, miR-451-5p and miR-362-3p) from coding sequence binding perspective were enriched in signalling pathways of Calcium, Notch and MAPK. The functions of miRNAs in testicular tissues of rats with hyperuricaemia were revealed by the differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-183-5p, miR-99a-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-451-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-144-3p and miR-509-5p)–mRNAs interaction network. The differentially expressed miRNAs in the testicular tissues of hyperuricaemia rats might shed light on the mechanism of hyperuricaemia-induced male infertility.