隐原性癫痫的病因学研究

采用现代影像学、电生理学、神经化学和免疫学技术等综合方法,对353例隐原性癫痫的病因进行了研究.研究结果,120例行颅脑CT检查,发现可导致癫痫发作的各种器质性病变35例,占29.17%.81例行体感诱发电位(SEP)与听觉诱发电位(AEP)检查,发现SEP和AEP异常分别为27例,占33.33%.分别对24例行脑脊液3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯乙二醇(MHBG)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)和高香草酸(HVA)高效液相色谱分析,发现MHBG、5-HIAA和HVA三项指标都有显著改变.100例行血清免疫球蛋白、补体C_3、E玫瑰花环形成率和淋巴细胞转化率检查,结果均有明显改变.脑组织的器质性病变提示隐原性癫痫有其发病的组织学基础.脑诱发电位异常提示脑生物电活动的功能改变,它可由CT所见或难以分辨的脑组织病变所致,也可由局部脑组织代谢障碍所致.MHBG、5-HIAA和HVA的改变提示该病的发作与脑内单胺类神经递质有关.补体C_3的升高,提示该病的发作与补体介导的免疫反应有关.     

质子磁共振波谱对颞叶癫癎的诊断价值

目的:评价磁共振质子波谱(H MRS)对颞叶癫癎的诊断价值.方法:对20例健康人和18例颞叶癫癎病人进行1H MRS采集,并定量分析了癫痫病人的N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸(Cr)和胆碱复合物(Cho)等代谢产物的变化.结果:癫癎病人致癫灶NAA峰以及NAA/(Cho cr)、NAA/Cr和NAA/Cho比值低于病灶对侧,亦低于健康对照组.正常对照组NAA/(Cho Cr)值平均为0.78,双侧差别小于0.07.我们以NAA/(Cho Cr)值＜0.68和双侧NAA/(Cho Cr)比值的差别＞0.07为判断标准,18例颞叶癫癎病人中,16例为单侧MRS异常,2例为双侧异常.结论:质子磁共振波谱能无创性探测脑组织内生化及代谢改变,是诊断颞叶癫癎的有效手段之一.     

原发性开角型与闭角型青光眼彩色图形翻转视觉诱发电位的差异

目的：探讨彩色图形翻转视觉诱发电位（color pattern reversal visual evoked potential,CPR-VEP）在原发性开角型及闭角型青光眼中的表现差异。方法：采用法国Metro Vision公司生产的Vision Monitor视觉电生理仪对12例（17眼）原发性开角型青光眼患者（primary open angle glaucoma,POAG）、41例（56眼）原发性闭角型青光眼患者（primary angle closure glaucoma,PACG）和13例健康者（26只眼）在不同时间频率（1,2,4,8,16及32 Hz）及色彩刺激（黑/白,红/绿,蓝/黄）下记录CPR-VEP的变化,比较P100波波幅值和潜伏期值。结果：3组研究对象在3种色彩刺激下CPR-VEP P100波幅随着时间频率的增加而下降;不同色彩刺激下P100潜伏期随着时间频率的增加而逐渐延长。CPR-VEP P100波幅值排列均为：PACG组>NC组>POAG组;黑/白>蓝/黄>红/绿。POAG组和PACG组P100潜伏期值均较NC组延长,但POAG组和PACG组间无统计学差异。结论：PACG和POAG患者的CPR-VEP P100波幅-时间频率曲线具有各自的特点,P100波幅值PACG者较高而POAG者较低,潜伏期均较正常延长。     

桥小脑角入路术后脑脊液鼻漏

目的　探讨桥小脑角开颅术中减少脑脊液 (CSF)鼻漏产生的措施及治疗原则。方法　结合文献报道 ,回顾性分析 2 4 0例桥小脑角区手术后CSF鼻漏的临床资料。结果　术后并发 8例CSF鼻漏 ,均因颞骨气腔区骨质破坏 ,CSF经咽鼓管流出所致。结论　掌握颞骨气腔区形成的解剖特点 ,减少骨质破坏 ,加强封闭可能的漏口 ,可有效地减少鼻漏发生     

PET在颞叶癫痫术前定位诊断中的作用

为评价正电子发射断层照相术 (PET)在颞叶癫痫病人术前侧别定位诊断中的意义 ,对 2 0例颞叶癫痫病人术前均行脑电监测、头MRI及PET检查。脑电监测显示 1 9例有棘波、尖波或棘慢波 ,1例正常 ;脑电异常位于一侧1 0例 ,位于双侧 9例。头MRI检查显示 1 2例正常 ,5例一侧海马萎缩 ,1例左顶枕软化灶 ,1例左额叶灰质异位 ,1例右额顶囊肿伴垂体微腺瘤。头PET检查 2 0例均表现为局部脑组织代谢减低 ;一侧异常 1 6例 ,双侧异常 4例。 2 0例病人手术及术后病理证实为颞叶癫痫。结果提示PET检查对于颞叶癫痫的术前定位诊断有价值 ,比头MRI更敏感。     

海马-杏仁核电镜改变与颞叶癫痫的关系

为研究海马 杏仁核的超微结构改变与颞叶癫痫的关系 ,对 35例颞叶癫痫病人行海马 杏仁核切除术 ,并对海马 杏仁核组织进行超微结构分析。痫灶区海马神经元以神经细胞固缩、变性为著 ,并可见有髓纤维的松解和粘连。轴索萌发出的新突出物、微管及微丝在无髓纤维上不规则排列和缠绕。神经毡内突触前终末兴奋性递质小泡增多 ,嵴消失 ,粗面内质网扩张 ,多聚核糖体解聚 ,并可见大量脂褐素及脂滴 ,星形细胞轻度水肿。提示颞叶癫痫发作不仅仅是单纯的生理生化改变所引起暂时性脑功能失调 ,其病理改变在颞叶癫痫的形成和持续状态具有重要的作用     

Childhood growth and age at diagnosis with Type 1 diabetes in Colorado young people

Objective Studies have suggested that the age at diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is decreasing over time. The overload hypothesis postulates that risk factors, such as accelerated growth, may be responsible for this decrease. We assessed changes in age, body mass index (BMI), weight and height at diagnosis with T1D in non‐Hispanic white (NHW) and Hispanic (HISP) young people from Colorado, using data from the IDDM Registry and SEARCH Study. Methods In three time periods, 656 (1978–1983), 562 (1984–1988) and 712 (2002–2004) young people aged 2–17 years were newly diagnosed with T1D. Age, weight, height and presence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis with T1D were obtained from medical records. Trends over the three time periods were assessed with regression analyses. Results Age at diagnosis decreased by 9.6 months over time (P = 0.0002). Mean BMI standard deviation score (SDS), weight SDS and height SDS increased over time (P < 0.0001), while prevalence of DKA decreased (P < 0.0001). Increasing height over time accounted for 15% (P = 0.04) of the decreasing age at diagnosis with T1D. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that increased linear growth, but not increased BMI or weight over time, may account, at least in part, for the younger age at diagnosis of T1D in Colorado children. This finding supports the hypothesis that increasing environmental pressure resulting from changes in potentially preventable risk factors may accelerate the onset of T1D in children.     

Assessment of the magnitude of geographical variations in the duration of non-work-related sickness absence by individual and contextual factors

ObjectiveTo examine variation in the duration of non-work-related sickness absence (NWRSA) across geographical areas and the degree to which this variation can be explained by individual and/or contextual factors.MethodsAll first NWRSA episodes ending in 2007 and 2010 were analyzed. Individual (diagnosis, age, sex) and contextual factors (healthcare resources, socioeconomic factors) were analyzed to assess how much of the geographical variation was explained by these factors. Median NWRSA durations in quartiles were mapped by counties in Catalonia. Multilevel Cox proportional hazard regression models with episodes nested within counties were fitted to quantify the magnitude of this variation. The proportional change in variance (PCV), median hazard ratios (MHR) and interquartile hazard ratios (IHR) were calculated.ResultsWe found a geographical pattern in the duration of NWRSA, with longer duration in northwestern Catalonia. There was a small, but statistically significant, geographical variation in the duration of NWRSA, which mostly decreased after adjustment for individual factors in both women (PCV = 34.98%, MHR = 1.09, IHR = 1.13 in 2007; PCV = 34.68%, MHR = 1.11, IHR = 1.28 in 2010) and men (PCV = 39.88%, MHR = 1.10, IHR = 1.27 in 2007; PCV = 45.93%, MHR = 1.10, IHR = 1.25 in 2010); only in the case of women in 2010 was there a reduction in county-level variance due to contextual covariates (PCV = 16.18%, MHR = 1.12, IHR = 1.32).ConclusionsCounty-level variation in the duration of NWRSA was small and was explained more by individual than by contextual variables. Knowledge of geographic differences in NWRSA duration is needed to plan specific programs and interventions to minimize these differences.