临床药师在老年患者多学科诊疗模式中的作用

目的探讨临床药师在老年患者多学科诊疗模式中的作用。方法总结分析北京老年医院老年患者多学科诊疗模式中临床药师所做的工作。结果在老年患者的多学科诊疗模式中,临床药师的参与具有重要意义。结论通过参与老年患者多学科诊疗,充分发挥了临床药师在促进老年患者合理用药中的作用。     

以护士为核心的新型疼痛管理模式在临床应用研究

目的：探讨以护士为核心的新型疼痛管理模式,为术后患者疼痛的管理提供科学的经验。方法：选择2016年5月至2017年4月在我院行胸、腹微创手术的患者,共212名。随机分为干预组106例,对照组106例。对照组按常规方式进行术后疼痛管理;干预组由护士进行常规疼痛管理外,同时参与患者自控式镇痛(PCA)泵的管理。结果：各研究组中没有明显药物不良反应发生。干预组停泵率明显低于对照组。在胸部手术后行静脉镇痛的患者中干预组的镇痛效果优于对照组;其他治疗组间的镇痛效果比较虽无差异,但干预组的额外用药量却显著降低。研究证明通过以护士为核心,多学科协作的疼痛管理,使自控式镇痛泵得到了充分应用,额外镇痛药物的用药量明显减少。结论：以护士为核心的多学科协作管理模式在术后镇痛管理中具有很大的优势,起到了重要的作用。     

Clinician and manager perceptions of factors leading to ward patient clinical deterioration

Background

Improving the timely recognition and response to clinical deterioration is a critical challenge for clinicians, educators, administrators and researchers. Clinical deterioration leading to Rapid Response Team review is associated with poor patient outcomes. A range of factors associated with clinical deterioration and its outcomes have been identified, and may help with early identification of deteriorating patients. However, the relative importance of each factor on the development of clinical deterioration is unknown.

“大肠者传道之官”新识

在过去相当长的一段时期内,中医学界仅把大肠视为排泄器官。但大肠与神经传导、神经系统病变之间存在紧密联系,以"大肠主神志传导"补释"大肠者传道之官",而不使用"肠脑相通"新理论主要是因为以下2点:①中医学的发展要以经典为主线,凡是能够在原有理念下依附存在的学说,没有必要也不应该作为新的理论提出。②尚有很多周围神经病变的病位并不在中枢神经系统,无法用"肠脑相通"理论解释。"大肠主神志传导"一说旨在提出"神经系统病变从肠论治",更符合中医学整体、互联、恒动的观念。     

Development and Validation of the Primary Care Team Dynamics Survey

ObjectiveTo develop and validate a survey instrument designed to measure team dynamics in primary care.ConclusionsIt is possible to measure primary care team dynamics reliably using a 29-item survey. This survey may be used in ambulatory settings to study teamwork and explore the effect of efforts to improve team-based care. Future studies should demonstrate the importance of team dynamics for markers of team effectiveness (e.g., work satisfaction, care quality, clinical outcomes).     

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Treating Obesity in a Community Health Centre

Objectives

The aim of the study is to assess the weight loss programme with regards to the long-term effectiveness of weight reduction and weight maintenance, using completion rate and BMI, blood sugar, cholesterol and blood pressure levels as outcomes. The aim of the study also includes identifying the factors associated with adherence to the programme.

Methods

The programme was developed by a multidisciplinary team. It included 6 months of introduction and another 18 months of maintenance. The data for 397 participants was collected after 24 months.

Results

346 participants have completed the introduction and 123 have completed the programme. In the introduction, the average weight loss was 12% of the initial weight. The participants, who completed the full programme, lost 9.4% of their initial weight. The participants also significantly (p<0.05) reduced their blood sugar and cholesterol levels, as well as their blood pressure. The factors associated with adherence to the programme are: age over 50, lower educational levels, lower initial weight and higher weight loss in the introduction.

Conclusions

The multi-disciplinary approach to obesity treatment was effective for a selected group of people. The proportion of dropouts was relatively high, but still low compared to similar programmes. Group treatment and mutual support are of a great importance in bringing about and maintaining the changes.     

Nursing home staff perspectives on adoption of an innovation in goals of care communication

Nursing homes (NH) are important settings for end-of-life care, but limited implementation may impede goals of care discussions. The purpose of this study was to understand NH staff perceptions of adoption and sustainability of the Goals of Care video decision aid for families of residents with advanced dementia. Study design was a cross-sectional survey of staff at 11 NHs in North Carolina who participated in the Goals of Care (GOC) cluster randomized clinical trial. Staff perceived the GOC decision aid intervention as a positive innovation; it was perceived as more compatible with current practices by male staff, nurses, and more experienced NH staff. Perceptions were correlated with experience, implying that experience with an innovative approach may help to promote improved GOC communication in nursing homes. Nurses and social work staff could be effective champions for implementing a communication technique, like the GOC intervention.     

The Mental Health Team: Evaluation From a Professional Viewpoint. A Qualitative Study

Background

Health care institutions include workers who must operate in accordance with the requirements of the position, even though there are psychosocial influences that can affect the stability of the worker.

Multidisciplinary diabetes team care: the experiences of young adults with Type 1 diabetes

Background

This research examined whether young adults with Type 1 diabetes engage with the multidisciplinary consultation process and if not, then why.

Methods

We designed a web‐based self‐reported survey, available online from February to May 2011, for Australian adults 18–35 years with Type 1 diabetes. Respondents were asked about which clinicians they consulted to assist with self‐management. To expand on the results of the survey, we interviewed 33 respondents.

Results

Survey: Respondents (n = 150) consulted with the following clinicians: endocrinologist and diabetes educators: 23.3%; endocrinologist only: 18.0%; endocrinologist, diabetes educators and dieticians: 14.6%; endocrinologist, diabetes educators, dietician and general practitioners (GP): 11.3%; endocrinologist and GP: 10.6%; GP only: 4.6%; all clinicians recommended to assist with self‐management: 1.3%; 2.7% did not consult any clinician. Interview: Participants (n = 33) reported eight key disincentives to consultation with multidisciplinary clinicians. These were time constraints; provision of conflicting advice; inaccessibility of health services; variation in service standards; cost constraints; failure of clinicians to refer to other clinicians; lack of opportunity to build a therapeutic relationship; and failure of clinicians to engage in shared decision making.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that high attrition rates of young adults with Type 1 diabetes from recommended diabetes health services is linked to the failure of those services to meet the needs and preferences of their patients. The identified needs and preferences included joint consultation with multi‐disciplinary team clinicians; flexible access to advice by email or telephone consultation; and shared decision making. Patient engagement in health‐service re‐design has implications for improved health‐service delivery and enhanced treatment outcomes.