围手术期外科之家在减重代谢外科的应用

围手术期外科之家（PSH）是对病人从术前准备到术后随访进行重新设计的临床新理念,强调从评估手术指征到围手术期并发症预防的长程管理模式。PSH涵盖了以往围手术期医学和加速康复理念。PSH理念更适合针对接受减重代谢手术的重度肥胖病人院前和围手术期管理以及长期随访,即在院前对于病人的伴发疾病进行干预,包括术前减重,心肺功能改善,血糖血压治疗等;住院以后针对病人的心理问题以及维生素缺乏、肝肾功能障碍、心肺功能进行评估,在术后施行加速康复措施,全程优化病人术式选择以及术后康复指导等。针对减重手术的特殊性,倡导终身随访,多学科团队干预,特别是内分泌科营养科以及心理医师进行术后的随访指导等。PSH理念可以为重度肥胖病人提供多学科全程围手术期管理,提高安全性。     

肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓多学科诊治中国专家共识（2020版）

肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC;以下简称肝癌)发病率位居全世界常见恶性肿瘤第六位,每年新发病例约74万,近一半在中国。在我国,肝癌相关死亡率仅次于肺癌和胃癌,高居第三位[1-2]。临床上,肝癌多侵犯血管形成血管癌栓,亦可侵犯胆管形成胆管癌栓(bile ducttumor thrombus,BDTT)。文献[3-5]报道,BDTT发生率为0.5%~2.5%。BDTT可沿肝内胆管向肝门部胆管延伸,甚至阻塞胆总管导致黄疸、胆道出血等。其自然病程约为1~3个月[6-7]。     

肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓多学科诊治中国专家共识(2020版)

肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓是肝癌的一种特殊类型,发生率为0.5%~2.5%,疾病进展快、预后差,目前国内外尚无相关的诊断与治疗共识,造成该疾病的治疗极不规范。中国医师协会肝癌专业委员会基于国内外本领域研究获得的循证医学证据,并结合我国临床实践,制订《肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓多学科诊治中国专家共识(2020版)》。该共识针对肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓的临床表现、诊断及分型、外科治疗、辅助治疗以及其他局部、区域性和系统性治疗进行系统阐述,旨在规范、普及和提高对肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓的诊断和多学科治疗水平,改善该疾病总体预后。     

肾移植术后Ⅰ型原发性高草酸尿症复发致移植肾功能不全的多学科综合诊疗

目的探讨肾移植术后Ⅰ型原发性高草酸尿症(PH)复发的临床特点和多学科综合诊疗(MDT)的经验。方法对1例接受同种异体肾移植手术后不明原因移植肾功能短期内迅速下降的病例进行MDT讨论,总结MDT在诊断罕见遗传性疾病以及提高肾移植受者长期存活中的作用。结果经MDT讨论,患者确诊为Ⅰ型PH复发,排除排斥反应后恢复常规免疫抑制方案,嘱大量饮水,予优质蛋白和低磷饮食、维生素B6、钙剂等保守治疗措施并积极防治并发症。患者移植肾功能恶化延缓,但仍在肾移植术后5个月恢复规律血液透析至投稿日。结论肾移植术后Ⅰ型PH复发较为罕见,临床主要表现为复发性肾结石,移植肾功能下降,且并发症多,患者预后不良。通过MDT讨论患者病情,明确诊断,确定最佳治疗方案,延缓了病情进展,改善了患者预后。     

重庆市家庭医生团队成员职业倦怠现状及其影响因素分析

目的 了解家庭医生团队成员的职业倦怠现状,探讨其职业倦怠的影响因素。方法 采用整群随机抽样法,从重庆市8 171支家庭医生团队中随机地选取593支团队的全部成员作为调查对象;采用自行设计的基本情况问卷和李超平等翻译并修订的MBI - GS量表对其进行调查。结果 重庆市家庭医生团队成员职业倦怠阳性检出率为78.9%,其中职业倦怠中等程度8 290例（61.7%）。主城区团队成员职业倦怠阳性6 387例（47.5%）,阳性检出率80.1%;渝东北地区职业倦怠阳性3 628例（27.0%）,阳性检出率77.5%;渝东南地区职业倦怠阳性588例（4.4%）,阳性检出率75.2%。二元logistic回归分析结果显示, 性别、年龄、月收入、编制、岗位、择业主要原因以及地区是职业倦怠的主要影响因素 (P＜0.05)。结论 重庆市家庭医生团队成员的职业倦怠阳性发生率较高,一半以上成员表现为中程度职业倦怠。与其他两大地区比较,主城区职业倦怠阳性检出率最高。相关管理者应针对主要影响因素进行干预,减轻工作压力和紧张感,以缓解职业倦怠感。     

新型高级创伤外科机动救治力量及其培训体系的建立

未来远海环境下的舰艇编队作战将成为我海军主要作战形式。远海作战战场广阔、攻防形势转换快、所致伤情伤势复杂,易在任意时间、任意战场地点瞬间产生批量伤员,救治难度极大。本文系统介绍了一种针对远海舰艇编队作战的新型高级创伤外科机动救治队伍及其专属模块化、标准化、轻量化的手术复苏装备系统,并阐述其培训体系构想,以备卫勤研究者、参与者借鉴参考。     

Reconnecting with relational values in highly conflicted separating couples: A narrative therapy-informed relational interviewing teamwork-based supervision approach

This article outlines a new supervision practice of narrative therapy-informed reflecting team-based relational interviewing for a high-conflict stuck case of a separated middle-aged couple. The article demonstrates the supervision method consisting in five parts. First, the supervisor interviews the couples' relationship while the team watches from behind the one-way mirror. Second, the team responds to the interview while the couple and the supervisor witness their conversation. The couple is then invited to respond back to the team. Furthermore, there is a meta-conversation about the supervision in collaboration with the couple. The intervention ends with therapeutic letter writing to the relationship. The couple showed a meaningful shift in their positioning towards a more relational awareness and found valuable ways for continuing their therapy. The theoretical elements of the approach underpinning practice to tackle high conflict are considered through the illustration of the case.     

Placing poverty on the agenda of a primary health care team: an evaluation of an action research project

The period of the last Government in the UK was marked by increases in poverty and social exclusion, with the gap widening between rich and poor, and differentials being associated with, and further entrenched by, inequalities in health. In 1994, the Audit Commission pointed to the potential contribution which proactive and well coordinated health and welfare services could make to meeting the needs of vulnerable families, and suggested the setting up of local demonstration projects. This paper reports on the achievements and limitations of Nottingham's 2-year Strategies for Practice in Disadvantaged Areas (SPIDA) Project which tested a model of team learning about poverty in relation to those registered with an inner-city doctor's practice. Members of a primary health care team engaged in a self-directed development programme which, despite numerous staff changes, enabled them to learn how to learn together, enhanced their understandings of what it means to live in poverty, and facilitated the establishment of collaborative and productive interagency working relationships at a neighbourhood level. It is suggested that staff in health and welfare organizations wishing to implement anti-poverty strategies could usefully consider adopting this model of team learning to promote collective action and change.