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41.
Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important physiological role in regulating gastrointestinal motility. Involvement of endogenous NO was evaluated in the response to non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) nerve stimulation of the dog sphincter muscle of Oddi. Transmural electrical stimulation (TES), nicotine (10?5M) and K+ (10 mM) produced only a relaxation in the sphincter muscle strips contracted with substance P, which was not potentiated by atropine. The TES-induced relaxation was abolished by tetrodotoxin (3 times 10?7 M) and oxyhaemoglobin (1.6 times 10?5 M), but not affected by atropine (10?7 M), propranolol (10?7 M), phentolamine (10?7 M), indomethacin (10?6 M), chole-cystokinin (CCK, 10?8 M) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP, 10?8 M). The relaxation was also abolished by treatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA, 10?5 M), an NO synthase inhibitor. Nicotine produced a transient relaxation, which was abolished by tetrodotoxin, hexamethonium (10?5 M) and L-NA, but not affected by atropine and NG-nitro-D-arginine (D-NA, 10?5 M). The addition of K+ elicited a transient relaxation, which was abolished by tetrodotoxin and L-NA. The inhibitory effects of L-NA were antagonized by L-arginine (10?3 M). The presence of neurons containing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase was histochemically demonstrated in the sphincter of Oddi. These findings may indicate that TES, nicotine and K+ liberate NO from NANC inhibitory nerve which is involved in the relaxation of the dog sphincter of Oddi. The muscular tone does not seem to be regulated by cholinergic nerves under the experimental conditions used. 相似文献
42.
This paper describes a teaching programme for final- (sixth-) year undergraduate medical students during their 10-week term in child health. Students attend schools on two occasions and are actively involved in the physical, educational and emotional assessment of children. The advantages of the programme include active participation by the students, contact with children in a less threatening environment, learning new skills in the assessment of children, and knowledge of common screening procedures. Student evaluation of the programme has been positive. 相似文献
43.
VIM thalamic stimulation for tremor in a patient with IgM paraproteinaemic demyelinating neuropathy. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Evzen R?zicka Robert Jech Katerina Zárubová Jan Roth Dusan Urgosík 《Movement disorders》2003,18(10):1192-1195
We demonstrate the effect of deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus on intractable action tremor, in a 72-year-old man suffering from neuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy. 相似文献
44.
Primary orthostatic tremor (POT) is a rare disorder characterised by an intense sense of unsteadiness upon standing and a 16-Hz tremor in which the timing between tremor bursts in different muscles (unilateral and bilateral) remains constant. Hitherto, similar EMG activity has not been described in healthy subjects and it has been postulated that the oscillations seen in POT are primarily pathological. In this study, EMG was recorded from tibialis anterior in healthy subjects who were made unsteady through vestibular galvanic stimulation or leaning backwards. Under these conditions, a peak at approximately 16 Hz was seen in the coherence between the left and right tibialis anterior. This bilateral coherence was absent when the subjects activated the same muscles when not unsteady. These data indicate the existence of a physiological system involved in organising postural responses under circumstances of imbalance and characterised by a highly synchronised output at approximately 16 Hz. In addition, the results suggest that the core abnormality in POT may be an exaggerated sense of unsteadiness when standing still, which then elicits activity from a 16-Hz oscillator normally engaged in postural responses. 相似文献
45.
. R. Kakigi H. Shibasaki T. Lkeda R. Neshige C. Endo Y. Kuroda 《Acta neurologica Scandinavica》1992,85(5):347-352
Pain-related somatosensory evoked potentials (pain SEPs) following CO2 laser stimulation were examined in 30 patients with peripheral neuropathies, and the results were compared with clinical sensory findings. Pain SEP findings showed a significant correlation with the clinical impairment of pain sensation, but not with the impairment of deep sensations. In contrast, conventional electrically-stimulated SEPs (electric SEPs) showed a significant correlation with deep sensations, but not with the impairment of pain sensation. Examinations of both pain SEPs and electric SEPs, therefore, are considered to be very useful to evaluate physiological functions of sensory nerves in patients with peripheral neuropathies. 相似文献
46.
本实验采用单细胞外记录神经元单位放电的方法,在Wistar大鼠上观察到网状巨细胞核。一区伤害性神经元57个,其中伤害兴奋性神经元(NEN)42个,伤害抑制性神经元(NIN)15个。电刺激黑质对NEN(29)和NIN(8的放电呈抑制作用,其反应百分率分别由刺激黑质第1分钟时的1.0±2.1%和-20.4±6.2%,降到第5分钟时的-83.6±12.3%和-65.4±10.7%(P<0.01)。刺激黑质对少数NEN(13)和NIN(7)的放电有兴奋作用,其值分别由第]分钟时的20.5±7.3%和1.0±3.4%,升高到第5分钟时的74.5±10.7%和21,5±8.6%(P<0.05)。氟哌啶醇注入PAG腹外侧部可阻断刺激黑质的效应,这提示从黑质到网状巨细胞核α-区存在着一条痛调制通路,而且这种通路的递质是多巴胺能的。 相似文献
47.
48.
The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of voluntary pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction and vaginal electrical stimulation on urethral pressure. Twelve women with genuine stress incontinence, mean age 49.4 years (range 33–66) participated in the study. The urethral and bladder pressures were recorded simultaneously through a double-lumen 8 Ch catheter. The patients first performed three voluntary PFM contractions. Then two electrical stimulators, Conmax and Medicon MS 105, 50 Hz, were used in random order. A visual analog scale was used to measure pain and discomfort. Pain was reported to mean 6.8, SEM 0.64 (range 0.7–9.9) and mean 6.1, SEM 0.81 (range 0–9.1) with Conmax and Medicon MS 105, respectively. The mean paired difference in favor of voluntary contraction with Conmax was ?8.0, SD 6.7,P=0.0067, and with Medicon MS 105 it was ?12.2, SD 5.9,P=0.0022. The results demonstrated that voluntary PFM contraction increased urethral pressure significantly more than did vaginal electrical stimulation. 相似文献
49.
É. A. Bogdanova 《Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine》1991,111(5):579-582
I. M. Sechenov Medical Academy, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. D. Ado.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 5, pp. 454–456, May, 1991. 相似文献
50.
The effect of prolonged treatment with amitriptyline on the secretory activity of rat salivary glands evoked by parasympathetic nerve stimulation and isoprenaline administration has been studied. Low doses of amitriptyline (10 mg/kg per day for 2 or 4 weeks), did not significantly affect salivary flow evoked by either parasympathetic nerve or isoprenaline stimulation. Higher doses of amitriptyline (50 mg/kg/day for 2 or 4 weeks) however, markedly decreased parasympathetic-evoked salivary secretion (flow and volume) from both parotid and submandibular glands, while isoprenaline-evoked secretions were unaffected. Sodium, potassium, and calcium concentrations of nerve-elicited or isoprenaline-evoked saliva were not significantly altered by amitriptyline treatment. Protein concentration and amylase activity of nerve-elicited parotid saliva were, however, greatly increased by chronic amitriptyline administration. Possible mechanisms for drug-induced increase in nerveelicited salivary protein concentration include changes in cholinergic receptor binding, release of neuropeptides and variations in phosphatidylinositol turnover, which need further study. 相似文献