Carcinoma of the pancreas: a retrospective review

Eighty-five patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were reviewed in order to evaluate the efficacy of our methods of diagnosis and treatment. The most useful diagnostic test was percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) with a diagnostic rate of 96%. Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) and total pancreatic resection were performed in 13 and 2 patients, respectively. The remaining 50 patients underwent various palliative drainage procedures. Twenty patients did not undergo operation for various reasons. The primary tumor was found in the head of the pancreas in 50 patients (59%), the body in 6 patients (7%), and in the tail in 8 patients (9%). Postoperative complications, including sepsis, bleeding, intra-abdominal abscesses, and anastomotic leaks, occurred in 37% of the patients. There were one operative and 9 postoperative deaths. The average survival for those patients undergoing surgical intervention was 6 months. There were no 5-year survivors.     

游戏教学法对幼儿游泳教学效果影响的实验研究

本文采用文献资料法、实验法、观察法、数理统计法对幼儿游泳教学效果进行了研究分析。结果表明：采用游戏教学法的实验组教学效果明显优于采用传统教学法的对照组。可见，游戏教学法在幼儿游泳教学中值得推广。     

云南省高等医学院校临床教学基地首批评审的实践

临床教学基地的评估，是促进高等医学教育教学质量提高的一项有力措施。本文对我省首次进行临床教学基地评审工作进行了回顾、总结。     

理据性分析在医学英语词汇教学中的应用

从词源学、构词方法等方面讨论了医学英语词汇的特点,并以此为基础探讨了理据性分析在医学英语词汇教学中的应用。     

目标驱动教学法在大学计算机基础教学中的应用

介绍了基于建构主义的目标驱动教学法,并在此基础上阐述了在我校大学计算机基础教学组织中如何实施目标驱动教学法及相应的注意事项和优势。     

Service Increment for Teaching (SIFT): a review of its origins, development and current role in supporting undergraduate medical education in England and Wales

OBJECTIVES: To describe the ways in which total resources available for the Service Increment for Teaching (SIFT) have been determined and related to numbers of undergraduate medical students; and the development and current arrangements for allocating SIFT to the providers of service support for teaching. DESIGN: The derivation of SIFT from excess costs of teaching hospitals over general hospitals is described. The official principles of organizing SIFT to reimburse the service costs of teaching undergraduate medical students are explained. The crucial development that is examined is the change from SIFT being a global subsidy to being related to educational contracts. This development has facilitated both the specification of standards and innovative uses of SIFT. These are illustrated with examples. SETTING: Hospital and Community Health Services and Primary Care in the National Health Service (NHS) in England and Wales. SUBJECTS: Medical students. RESULTS: There is often confusion caused by SIFT being intended to cover the service costs of teaching but not having been derived in this way. This causes problems in deciding what providers should be paid through contracts for teaching of different kinds. CONCLUSIONS: The new contractual basis has enabled medical schools to use contracts to improve the clinical teaching of undergraduate medical students in the NHS. These developments may offer useful models for other countries.     

比较法在政治课教学中的运用

政治课教学中常用的比较方法有求同比较法、求异比较法、横向比较法和纵向比较法。教学中要正确运用比较法 ,必须注意事物间要有可比性 ,要有相同的比较前提和科学的比较标准 ,这样才能提高教学效率。     

Using the Teacher-Student Relationship to Help Children Diagnosed as Hyperactive: An Application of Intrapsychic Humanism

An original new psychology, intrapsychic humanism, offers a synthesis of research findings about children labeled hyperactive and principles for understanding and helping hyperactive children in classroom settings. Clinical and educational experience has shown that the intrapsychic humanism approach is an effective alternative to stimulant drugs and behaviorism—without negative side effects, it strengthens children's autonomous capacity to form constructive relationships and to enjoy learning. Based on recognizing the different motives children experience in learning, the intrapsychic humanism approach helps teachers regulate children's unwanted behaviors in a compassionate way, while also improving the children's learning ability. The data draw from the author's consultation with teachers, psychotherapy with children, and counseling with parents.