丁卡因对人红细胞膜乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用及其与膜脂的关系

本文以人红细胞膜为材料，应用荧光探针（ANS）及酶学研究方法，研究了丁卡因对AchE及红细胞膜脂之间的关系。结果显示，丁卡因对红细胞膜AchE有明显抑制作用，其半数抑制浓度为525μmol/L。丁卡因还能増加膜-ANS复合物荧光强度，双倒数及Scatchard作图分析表明，其使膜ANS复合物荧光强度增强的原因并非ANS荧光量子产率的改变，而是膜上ANS结合数量增加所致，这一效应与其时膜流动性影响是一致的。     

肺结核患者PBMC膜白介素-2受体(CD25)表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)膜白介素-2受体(CD25)表达在肺结核病鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法:用生物素-链霉亲和素(BSA)法检测肺结核、支气管肺炎患者T细胞亚群及植物血凝素(PHA)诱导前后CD25表达水平.结果:支气管肺炎患者CD3+、CD4+、CD8+水平分别为(62.32±6.34)%、(47.52±7.16)%、(32.12±6.55)%,CD4+/CD8+ 比值为1.52±0.43,PHA诱导前后CD25水平分别为(4.56±1.52)%、(35.12±7.21)%.空洞型肺结核CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+水平分别为(41.13±5.25)%、(43.38±5.15)%、(36.25±3.46)%和1.15±0.21,非空洞型肺结核CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+水平分别为(46.29±5.60)%、(47.21±4.86)%、(32.36±4.03)%、1.46±0.25,相互比较CD3+、CD4+/CD8+差异均有显著性(P＜0.01和P＜0.05).空洞型肺结核与非空洞型肺结核患者PHA诱导前后CD25水平分别为(2.13±1.14)%、(27.25±3.50)%和(3.43±1.35)%、(31.14±4.11)%,两者相比差异均有显著性(P＜0.01).结论:肺结核病患者体内存在明显的细胞免疫功能紊乱,主要表现为CD25表达水平降低,CD25表达水平与肺结核病的病情似有一定关系,其对肺结核病鉴别诊断具有重要价值.     

Mechanisms of proteinuria in nephrotic humans

The glomerular capillary wall imposes a remarkably efficient barrier to the passage of proteins the size of albumin and larger. The development of heavy proteinuria signifies impairment of the function of this barrier. Because endogenous proteins of graded size are heterogeneous with respect to their molecular charge and undergo extensive tubular reabsorption, they are not useful for quantifying the extent of barrier dysfunction. An alternative approach is to determine the fractional clearance of uncharged and non-reabsorbable polymers of graded size. When combined with a hydrodynamic theory of solute transport through a heteroporous membrane, the intrinsic properties of healthy and diseased glomerular capillary walls can be inferred. This approach reveals the nephrotic range proteinuria that attends minimal change nephropathy to be associated with impairment of both the size- and charge-selective properties of glomerular capillary walls.     

维生素C浸泡羊膜对眼碱烧伤后移植的可用性研究

目的探讨维生素C浸泡羊膜的特性和生物活性物质的改变,以求为维生素C浸泡羊膜在眼碱烧伤羊膜移植中的合理应用提供依据。方法维生素C浸泡新鲜羊膜、保存1月羊膜,分别观察其大体物理特性、光学显微镜观察组织特性、免疫组织化学检测细胞因子的表达。结果维生素C浸泡羊膜与非浸泡羊膜的大体物理特性及光学显微镜观察组织特性无显著差别、部分细胞因子的活性表达无改变。结论维生素C浸泡羊膜不改变羊膜的组织学特性及部分细胞因子的活性,可以方便、安全地应用眼碱烧伤的移植治疗。     

TAT和GMP-140在急性心肌梗塞患者溶栓治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨急性心肌梗塞溶栓治疗中凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物(TAT)和血小板α-颗粒膜蛋白(GMP-140)动态变化及临床应用价值.方法以健康人为正常对照组(n=48),随机选择6h内急性心肌梗塞患者48例,用150万U尿激酶进行溶栓治疗,并按临床再通标准分为再通组(n=30),未通组(n=18),分别在溶栓前、溶栓后2h、4h、24h、48h采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法测定血浆TAT和GMP-140水平,观察其动态变化.结果患者组治疗前TAT水平(14.56±1.04)μg/L、GMP-140水平(12.50±1.05)ng/ml,较正常对照组(2.15±0.89)μg/L、(8.39±1.33)ng/ml显著升高(P<0.05),治疗后2h再通组GMP-140水平达到峰值(22.17±2.05)ng/ml,4h后TAT到达峰值(46.67±5.79)μg/L(P<0.05)后逐渐下降,持续至少3天,但仍高于正常对照组.未通组二项指标持续缓慢上升,48h达到峰值.结论急性心肌梗塞溶栓治疗前后TAT、GMP-140水平变化对判断疗效有一定指导意义.     

吻合器痔上黏膜环切治疗直肠内脱垂的效果

①目的探讨直肠内脱垂的有效治疗方法。②方法对11例直肠内脱垂的病人行吻合器痔上黏膜环切术(PPH)，术后随访1～12个月。③结果全部病人术后均排便通畅，排便时间明显缩短，无明显手术并发症。④结论PPH治疗直肠内脱垂，手术操作简便、安全、疗效可靠，病人痛苦小、恢复快、并发症少，是一种值得推广的治疗方法。     

几丁糖联合聚乳酸薄膜预防硬膜外粘连的研究

目的 观察几丁糖加聚乳酸薄膜联合运用对椎板切除术后预防硬膜外瘢痕粘连的效果.方法 80只成年家兔[体质量(2.0±0.2)kg]制作椎板切除模型,在椎板缺损处分别覆盖等渗盐水(A组)、聚乳酸薄膜(B组)、几丁糖(C组)及几丁糖加聚乳酸薄膜(D组),术后12周对椎板切除部位进行大体观察、组织学观察及透射电镜比较各组间瘢痕形成和粘连情况.结果 B、C、D组的Rydell-Balazs粘连度评分、Nussvaum组织学评分均优于A组(P<0.01),D组优于B组和C组(P<0.01),B组与C组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 联合应用几丁糖加聚乳酸薄膜能有效预防硬膜外瘢痕粘连,比单独应用几丁糖或聚乳酸薄膜效果好.     

Use of the microorganism Bacillus stearothermophilus as a model to evaluate toxicity of the lipophilic environmental pollutant endosulfan

Microorganisms are very powerful tools for the supply of information about the toxic effects of lipophilic compounds, since an impairment of cell growth usually occurs as a result of perturbations related, in most cases, with the partition of toxicants in membranes. The thermophilic eubacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus has been used as a model system to identify α- and β-endosulfan interactions with the membrane possibly related with the insecticide toxicity. Two approaches have been pursued: (a) bacterial growth is followed and the effects of endosulfan isomers determined; (b) biophysical studies with the fluorescent fluidity probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) were performed to assess the effects of α- and β-endosulfan on the organization of the membrane lipid bilayer. The effects on growth were quantitatively evaluated by determination of growth parameters, namely the lag phase, the specific growth rate and the cell density reached by cultures in the stationary phase. Growth inhibition by α and β-endosulfan dependent on the concentration is diminished or removed by the addition of 2.5 m Ca²⁺ to bacterial cultures. Fluorescence DPH polarization consistently showed opposite effects of Ca²⁺ and α- and β-endosulfan on the physical state of bacterial polar lipid dispersions.     

肾宁口服液对兔膜性肾病模型肾保护作用的实验研究

目的观察肾宁口服液治疗膜性肾病的实验研究.方法用阳离子牛血清白蛋白(C-BSA)制备家免膜性肾病模型,设立正常对照组、中药治疗组、激素治疗组和模型组.每周测定一次24h尿蛋白,实验结束时测定血浆白蛋白、血脂和肾功能等生化指标.结果肾宁口服液中药治疗组的24h尿蛋白、血脂和肾功能等生化指标较模型组明显改善(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而激素治疗组与模型组比较无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论肾宁口服液能降低尿蛋白,提高血浆白蛋白,改善肾功能,对膜性肾病有显著疗效.     

Tamoxifen induces ultrastructural alterations in membranes of Bacillus Stearothermophilus

Tamoxifen (TAM), a non-steroid antiestrogen, is the mostly used drug for chemotherapy and chemoprevention of breast cancer. However, the mechanisms by which TAM inhibits cell proliferation in breast cancer are not fully understood. TAM strongly incorporates in biomembranes and a variety of effects have been assigned to biophysical and biochemical interactions with membranes. Therefore, a better understanding of the physicochemical basis of interaction of TAM with biomembranes is essential to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of action. A strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus has been used as a model to clarify the interaction of TAM with the cell membrane. TAM effects on the ultrastructure of membranes of this bacterium were evaluated by electron microscopy. Important ultrastructural alterations were observed in B. stearothermophilus treated with TAM, namely change in the geometry of the membrane profile from asymmetric to symmetric, disaggregation of ribosomes, coagulation of the cytoplasmic matrix, occurrence of mesossomes, appearance of fractures in membranes and the alteration of the ultrastructure of cell wall. These ultrastructural alterations confirm that TAM is a membrane-active drug and that membrane damage may be involved in molecular mechanisms of cell death induced by this drug.