胃癌形态发展多阶段中P53、嗜铬粒蛋白、囊泡突触素的表达

目的：为了估价在胃癌形态发展多阶段中Ｐ５３蛋白表达与癌伴神经内分泌分化的关系。方法：用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法研究胃癌１００例、癌旁胃膜上皮病灶１２２个（包括单纯性增生２９例，轻中度异型增生６６例，重度异型增生２７例）中Ｐ５３蛋白、嗜铬粒蛋白Ａ（ＣｇＡ）、囊泡突触素（ＳＹＮ）的表达。结果：癌旁病灶中Ｐ５３收生率３．２８％，癌中为５０．００％；ＣｇＡ和ＳＹＮ在癌旁病灶中为２１．３１％和４．９２％，癌中为３６     

Effects of genistein and 17 beta-estradiol on hippocampal synaptophysin expression in ovariectomized rats***★

BACKGROUND： Phytoestrogen, derived from plants, is an estrogen-like element, and is effective and safe for estrogen replacement. OBJECTIVE： To compare the interventional effects of genistein and 17 S-estradiol on learning and memory and synaptophysin （SYN） expression in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats.
DESIGN： Randomized controlled animal study.
SETTING： Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University.
MATERIALS： 130 healthy female Sprague Dawley （SD） rats, 6 months old and weighing （293.1 ± 10.2） g, were provided by the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. This animal experiment received confirmed consent from the local ethics committee. All rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including baseline group （n= 10）, sham operation group （n = 30）, ovariectomized group （n = 30）, genistein group （n = 30）, and 17 β -estradiol group （n = 30）. Rats in the latter four groups were observed for 3 weeks （n = 10） and for 15 weeks （n = 20） after model establishment.
METHODS： This study was performed at the Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University from August 2005 to January 2006. Animals were not submitted to any treatment in the baseline group, but anesthetized and sacrificed at the 7 months of age. After anesthesia in the ovariectomized, genistein, and 17 S-estradiol groups, both ovaries were separated and resected to establish an ovariectomized model. The same volume of fat was resected in the sham operation group. After surgery, rats were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg/kg genistein in the genistein group,10μg/kg 17 β -estradiol in the 17 β-estradiol group, and 0.1 mL/100 g dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO）/polyethylene glycol （PEG）-200 stock solution in the sham operation and ovariectomized groups once a day until one day before sacrifice.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：① Learning and memory changes of SD r     

Neuroendocrine differentiation in basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the prototypical basaloid tumor of the skin. It may show various patterns simulating other cutaneous tumors due to its pleomorphism. It may have an unusal pattern of differentiation such as squamous, sebaceous, apocrine, eccrine, pilar, and endocrine differentiation. In order to establish the relative frequency of neuroendocrine differentiation in BCC, we performed a retrospective study of 33 consecutive BCCs using conventional immunohistochemistry with two neuroendocrine antibodies: Chromogranine A and synaptophysine. The age of the patients ranged from 17–83 years with mean of 65 years. The male to female ratio was 16:17. In immunohistochimestry, Chromogranine A was seen in 72.2% (24/33) while Synaptophysine was positive in 9.09% (3/33). Their expression was cytoplasmic and membranous and was seen in the periphery of these tumors in the overlying cells. Positive staining of chromogranine A was high (75–100% of tumors cells) in 9%, intermediate (25–75% of tumors cells) in 33% of cases and relatively low (<25%) in 30.3% of cases.     

The growth-associated protein GAP-43 is increased in the hippocampus and in the gyrus cinguli in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a common and severe psychiatric disorder of unknown etiology. Numerous neuropathological studies have found subtle structural changes in limbic structures, especially medial temporal lobe structures and the gyrus cinguli. To test the hypothesis that synaptic disturbances are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, we studied the growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), a protein localized to presynaptic terminals, suggested to be involved in establishment and remodeling of synaptic connections, in postmortem brain tissue, using quantitative Western blotting immunohistochemistry. The material consisted of brain tissue from 17 schizophrenics (80±11 yr), diagnosed according to the DSM-III-R criteria, and 20 age-matched controls (75±13 yr). Quantitative analyses showed increased GAP-43 protein levels in schizophrenic compared to control brains, both in the hippocampus (2.43±0.78 vs 1.00±0.29; p<0.0001) and in the gyrus cinguli (1.52±0.21 vs 1.00±0.35; p<0.0001). Also by immuno-histochemistry, increased GAP-43 staining was found in schizophrenic compared with control brains, throughout all layers of the gyrus cinguli and the hippocampus. Anomalous synaptic sprouting and reorganization, with resultant “miswiring,” as well as a defect in synaptic pruning have been hypothesized to be pathogenetic factors in schizophrenia. We suggest that a decreased synaptic density, whether caused by disturbed development or damage/degeneration, may elicit a reactive synaptogenesis (reflected by an increase in GAP-43), which may be functional or anomalous. Synaptic pathology in the limbic system may be of importance in the development of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对脑梗塞大鼠神经功能恢复及突触素表达的影响

目的:探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)移植对脑缺血大鼠神经功能恢复和脑组织中突触素(synaptophysin)mRNA表达的影响.方法:72只清洁级成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、局灶性脑缺血组(MCAO组)、溶剂对照组(vehicle组)和BMSC治疗组(BMSC组),每组18只,采用改良Zea-Longa线栓法制作大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)模型,BMSC移植前用DAPI标记,BMSC组于造模成功1 d后经侧脑室注射入BMSC(1×106),vehicle组则注射同等剂量的PBS,术后4 d、7 d和14 d通过平衡木行走、转棒上行走及网屏抓握进行神经功能评估,观察其恢复状况,并断头取脑,免疫组织化学及RT-PCR法检测突触素表达情况.结果:BMSC组缺血周边区脑组织中观察到DAPI染色的阳性细胞.BMSC组术后7 d和14 d神经功能评估明显优于MCAO组和vehicle组(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);BMSC组术后4 d、7 d和14 d脑组织中突触素表达较MCAO组和vehicle组明显增高(P＜0.01).结论:BMSC移植可以促进脑缺血大鼠神经功能的恢复,促进缺血脑组织中突触素生成,BMSC移植促进脑缺血大鼠神经功能恢复部分是通过促进脑组织中生成突触素发挥作用.     

龟龄集对大鼠脊髓灰质内突触小泡蛋白变化的影响

目的：研究龟龄集对大鼠脊髓灰质内突触小泡蛋白的影响，探索龟龄集的抗衰老功效。方法：采用免疫组织化学结合图像分析法，对龟龄集喂药鼠和对照鼠的脊髓颈膨大、胸髓、腰膨大和骶尾髓灰质内突触小泡蛋白的免疫反应产物进行了观测。结果：对照和喂药鼠各自的脊髓各段后角内突触小泡蛋白免疫反应产物的灰度值不同，均以脊髓胸段最小，腰膨大最大；脊髓后角内免疫反应产物的灰度值均低于前角。对照组脊髓各段后角内突触小泡蛋白免疫反应产物的灰度值均明显高于喂药组。结论：龟龄集可延缓神经元的衰老，防止脊髓灰质内突触小泡蛋白的丢失，增强动物肢体感觉的灵敏性和活动的灵活性。     

慢性给予应激水平的糖皮质激素对海马神经元和突触的影响

为探讨慢性给予应激水平糖皮质激素对大鼠海马的影响,在实验组大鼠饮用水中加入皮质醇,使动物皮质醇吸收量达每日10mg/kg,从而引起与应激动物相同的皮质醇水平,共21d,然后用免疫组织化学和免疫印迹法观察海马内caspase-3、synap-tophysin(Syn)和neurogranin(Ng)表达的变化。结果显示:(1)实验组大鼠海马结构中可见较多细胞出现核固缩的病理改变,但未见或偶见极个别caspase-3免疫反应阳性细胞;(2)与正常组Syn表达水平(1.2197±0.3443)和Ng表达水平(1.9330±0.3450)相比,实验组大鼠海马结构中Syn和Ng的表达明显减少(P<0.05),其表达水平分别为0.5512±0.0540和1.3375±0.3317。上述结果表明慢性给予应激水平的糖皮质激素可损伤海马功能,引起不依赖caspase-3的海马神经细胞退变、使海马突触数量减少以及改变海马突触效能可能是其作用的部分机制。     

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the myocardium: A case report, review of the literature, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study

We report the case of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) arising in the heart of a 63-year-old man. The neuroectodermal nature of this tumor was confirmed by the immunohistochemical positivity for 013 (CD99) (the p30/32^MIC2 gene product) neuron specific enolase (monoclonal and polyclonal), synaptophysin and vimentin. Other markers, such as actin, desmin, myoglobin, chromogranin, keratin, and leukocyte common antigen were negative. The diagnosis was made on an endomyocardial biopsy and was confirmed in sections from the myocardial tumor found within the heart excised during cardiac transplant. Primitive neuroectodermal tumors have been reported in a variety of sites, most commonly in the extremities. No case has ever been reported within the myocardium, although one has been reported in the pericardium. In addition to morphological similarities, PNET and extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma have been shown to possess the same chromosomal translocation, t11; 22, and the same cell surface antigen, P 30/32. Separation of this case from extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma was possible because of the absence of PAS positivity, as well as the immunohistochemical positivity for at least two neural markers, as extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma is only positive for neuron specific enolase.     

Neurturin和NGF对老年性痴呆模型鼠海马突触素表达的影响

为了探讨联合应用 Neurturin和神经生长因子对老年性痴呆模型鼠海马突触素的影响 ,本研究采用切断成年 SD大鼠左侧穹窿海马伞 ,建立隔 -海马胆碱能系统损害的痴呆模型 ,损伤 4周后 ,用免疫组化和图象分析技术等方法对大鼠海马突触素进行定量分析。结果显示 ,损伤对照组损伤侧海马 CA1 区多形层、辐射层、腔隙分子层和齿状回分子层突触素含量分别减少了42 .60 %、46.0 4%、5 7.3 6%和 5 5 .2 2 % ,损伤对照组与正常对照组之间有高度显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 1) ;NGF治疗组损伤侧海马CA1 区多形层、辐射层、腔隙分子层和齿状回分子层突触素含量分别只减少了 3 3 .64 %、3 8.2 5 %、3 8.42 %和 2 7.64 % ,NGF治疗组与损伤对照组之间有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;联合治疗组损伤侧海马 CA1 区多形层、辐射层、腔隙分子层和齿状回分子层突触素含量分别只减少了 9.97%、8.0 5 %、14 .70 %和 4.2 8% ,联合治疗组与损伤对照组之间有高度显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 1)。结论 :联合应用 neurturin和 NGF促使老年性痴呆模型鼠海马突触素含量增多的效果较单用 NGF治疗好